MySQL 8

Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
MySQL 8.0
The World’s Most Popular Open Source Database
Mark Swarbrick
Principle Presales Consultant
Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied
upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of
Oracle.

Agenda
MySQL Customers
MySQL Innovation
What’s New in MySQL 8.0
MySQL Document Store
1
2
3
4
5
6
MySQL High Availability
MySQL Security
MySQL Enterprise Edition
MySQL Cloud Service

6
7

Today MySQL Powers Social

Today MySQL Powers eCommerce

Today MySQL Powers SaaS

Today MySQL Powers FinTech

7

Today MySQL Powers the Cloud

MySQL Innovation: 5.7 -> 8.0
-  3x Better Performance
-  Replication Enhancements
-  Optimizer Cost Model
-  JSON Support
-  Improved Security
-  Sys & Performance Schema
-  GIS
MySQL 5.7 (GA)
MySQL InnoDB Cluster (GA)
-  MySQL Group Replication
-  MySQL Router
-  MySQL Shell

MySQL 8.0
-  Document Store
-  Data Dictionary
-  Roles
-  Unicode
-  CTEs
-  Window Functions
-  Security
-  Replication
-  SysSchema
-  GIS

2 Years in Development
400+ Worklogs
5000+ Bugs Fixed
500 New Tests

24x7 at Scale
Mobile First
Developer First
Data Driven
8.0
GA

Relational Databases
Data Integrity
normalization
constraints (foreign keys, ...)
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
ACID compliant
transactions
SQL
powerfull query language
Copyright @ 2018 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Schemaless
no schema design, no normalization, no foreign keys, no data types, ...
very quick initial development
Flexible data structure
embedded arrays or objects
valid solution when natural data can´t be
modeled optimally into a relational model
objects persistence without the use of any ORM - mapping object-oriented
JSON
close to frontend
native in JS
easy to learn
NoSQL or Document Store

How DBAs see data How Developers see data
{
"GNP" : 249704,
"Name" : "Belgium",
"government" : {
"GovernmentForm" :
"Constitutional Monarchy, Federation",
"HeadOfState" : "Philippe I"
},
"_id" : "BEL",
"IndepYear" : 1830,
"demographics" : {
"Population" : 10239000,
"LifeExpectancy" : 77.8000030517578
},
"geography" : {
"Region" : "Western Europe",
"SurfaceArea" : 30518,
"Continent" : "Europe"
}
}

DMBS or NoSQL ?
Why not both ?

The MySQL Document Store !
SQL is now optional !

A solution for all
34 / 112
Developers:
[✔] Schemaless or/and Schema
[✔] Rapid Prototyping/Simpler APIs
[✔] Document Model
[✔] Transactions

Operations:
[✔] Performance Management/Visibility
[✔] Robust Replication, Backup, Restore
[✔] Comprehensive Tooling Ecosystem
[✔] Simpler application schema upgrades
Business Owner:
[✔] Don’t lose my data = ACID transactions
[✔] Capture all my data = Extensible/Schemaless
[✔] Products On Schedule/Time to Market = Rapid Development

#1 New Feature: MySQL Document Store
An easy, straight forward way to work with JSON
documents in MySQL
17
#1
New Feature

Document Oriented Databases
•  Schemaless: No centralized database schema
–  Data model enforcement and validation (if any) at application layer
–  Simpler schema updates (no ALTER TABLE penalty)
•  NoSQL APIs: Simpler programming interfaces
–  No specialized language for queries and data manipulation
–  Complex queries handled at application layer (no complex SELECTs, JOINs)
–  Document in, document out, manipulations at client side
•  Scalability, but some drawbacks:
–  Limited database features (no foreign keys, no transactions, etc.)
–  Weak consistency guarantees
18
Usability & Scalability

NoSQL, MySQL, Why not…
•  Have both schema-less and schema in the same technology stack?
•  One that checks all the boxes of all stakeholders:
19
Developers
✔ Schemaless or/and Schema
✔ Rapid Prototyping/Simpler APIs
✔ Document Model
✔ Transactions

Operations
✔ Performance Management/Visibility
✔ Robust Replication, Backup, Restore
✔ Comprehensive Tooling Ecosystem
✔ Simpler application schema upgrades
Business Owner
✔ Don’t lose my data = ACID transactions
✔ Capture all my data = Extensible/Schemaless
✔ Products On Schedule/Time to Market = Rapid Development


MySQL Document Store: Components
•  MySQL X Plugin
•  Introduces X Protocol for relational- and
document operations
•  Maps CRUD operations to standard SQL
(relational tables, JSON datatype and
functions)
•  X Protocol
•  New MySQL client protocol based on top of
industry standard (Protobuf)
•  Works for both, CRUD and SQL operations
•  InnoDB Cluster
•  Read-Scaling, Write-Scaling, HA
•  X DevAPI
•  New, modern, async developer API for CRUD
and SQL operations on top of X Protocol
•  Introduces Collections as new Schema obj.
•  MySQL Shell
•  Offers interactive X DevAPI mode for app
prototyping
•  MySQL Connectors
•  Support for X DevAPI for
•  JavaScript, Python, PHP, Java, C#, C++
20

How does the Document Store work?
Architecture from the Application’s POV
21
Frontend
CRUD requests + JSON
Backend MySQL
JSON
Application
Document Store

How does the MySQL Document Store work?
Architecture & Components
22
Application Connector MySQL X Plugin
DevAPI Protobuf / X Protocol / TCP/IP SQL
InnoDB

Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 23
Read Scale-Out
Async Replication + Auto Failover
Write Scale-Out
Sharding
S1
S2
S3
S4
MySQL Mission – 4 Steps
Timeline
MySQL Document Store
Relational & Document Model
MySQL HA
Out-Of-Box HA
✔ ✔
✔

MySQL Shell
•  Scripting for Javascript, Python, and SQL mode
•  Supports MySQL Standard and X Protocols
•  Document and Relational Models
•  CRUD Document and Relational APIs via scripting
•  Traditional Table, JSON, Tab Separated output results formats
•  Both Interactive and Batch operations
Interface for Development and Administration of MySQL

MySQL Shell: What’s New
•  Customizable prompt
•  Include context and session information
•  Custom font and color support
•  Persistent command line history
•  Auto-complete / Content Assistance
•  Full Unicode support
25

JSON

JSON Support
•  Native File Format
•  Virtual Columns
•  20+ Functions
•  New! Search Functions
•  New! Aggregations Functions
– Query structured data and semi-structured JSON data

JSON Functions
28
MySQL 5.7 and 8.0
JSON_ARRAY_APPEND()
JSON_ARRAY_INSERT()
JSON_ARRAY()
JSON_CONTAINS_PATH()
JSON_CONTAINS()
JSON_DEPTH()
JSON_EXTRACT()
JSON_INSERT()
JSON_KEYS()
JSON_LENGTH()
JSON_MERGE[_PRESERVE]()
JSON_OBJECT()
JSON_QUOTE()
JSON_REMOVE()
JSON_REPLACE()
JSON_SEARCH()
JSON_SET()
JSON_TYPE()
JSON_UNQUOTE()
JSON_VALID()
JSON_PRETTY()
JSON_STORAGE_SIZE()
JSON_STORAGE_FREE()
JSON_ARRAYAGG()
JSON_OBJECTAGG()
JSON_MERGE_PATCH()
JSON_TABLE()

UTF8 / Unicode

•  Emoji characters used as input
•  MySQL 8.0 defaults to utf8mb4
•  Latest Unicode 9.0 Support
•  New collations based on DUCET,
accent and case sensitive
collations, Japanese, Russian
MySQL 8.0: UTF-8 Encoding

0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024
Queries per Second
Users
MySQL 8.0
MySQL 5.7
MySQL 5.6
MySQL 8.0: SysBench OLTP Read Only (Mixed - utf8mb4)
40% Faster than MySQL 5.7
Oracle Confidential –
31
OS : Oracle Linux 7.4
CPU : 48cores-HT Intel Skylake 2.7Ghz
(2CPU sockets, Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8168 CPU)
RAM: 256GB
Storage : x2 Intel Optane flash devices
(Intel (R) Optane (TM) SSD P4800X Series)

•  Transactional (InnoDB) Data Dictionary
•  Persistent runtime configuration changes (SET PERSIST)
•  Auto-increment counter value will now persist across server restarts!
•  Indexing of PS tables
•  SQL roles (collection of privileges)
•  MySQL privilege tables are now InnoDB
•  INVISIBLE indexes
•  Common Table Expressions
•  Windows Functions
What’s new
32

•  Increased Reliability
•  Built on InnoDB
– No FRM files
– No DB.OPT files
– No TRG files
– No TRN files
– No PAR files
– MyISAM not required
•  Atomic DDL
– Better Replication
– Simplifies server edge cases
•  MDL for Foreign Keys
•  Flexible Metadata API
– Easier path to adding new features
•  Better cross-platform experience
– No dependencies on filesystem
semantics
33
MySQL 8.0: Native Data Dictionary

MySQL 8.0: Cloud Friendly
•  New variable innodb_dedicated_server
– according to the amount of memory detected on the server, automatically configure
innodb_buffer_pool_size, innodb_log_file_size, innodb_flush_method
•  Persistent runtime configuration changes
– SET PERSIST variable_name = value;
– Any GLOBAL DYNAMIC configuration variable can be modified
–  the settings will be persisted to a file named mysqld-auto.cnf (JSON format)
– New table performance_schema.variables_info
34

Better Handing of Hot Rows
•  Common problem:
– Hot row contention, multiple worker threads accessing the same rows
•  Solution 1:
– Only read rows that are not locked
– InnoDB skips a locked row, and the next one goes to the result set
•  Example:
– Booking system: Skip orders that are pending
SELECT ... FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
35
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT * FROM seats WHERE seat_no BETWEEN 2 AND 3 AND booked = 'NO‘
FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED;

Feature Request
from Developers

Better Handing of Hot Rows (cont.)
•  Common problem:
– Hot row contention, multiple worker threads accessing the same rows
•  Solution 2:
– If any of the rows are already locked, the statement should fail immediately
– Without NOWAIT, have to wait for innodb_lock_wait_timeout (default: 50 sec) while
trying to acquire lock
SELECT… FOR UPDATE NOWAIT

36
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT * FROM seats WHERE seat_no BETWEEN 2 AND 3 AND booked = 'NO‘
FOR UPDATE NOWAIT;
ERROR 3572 (HY000): Statement aborted because lock(s) could not be acquired …

Feature Request
from Developers

MySQL 8.0: Windows Functions
•  Window functions gather results into a set of rows,
returning a single aggregated value for each of the rows
in the result set. Gives you a very practical tool for
estimations and rankings.
•  Perform some calculation on a set of rows
•  Over(partition by ...)
•  Simplifies writing complex SQL:
•  OVER(), OTHER(partition)
37

Feature Request
from Developers

MySQL 8.0: Windows Functions
38

Feature Request
from Developers
•  Use the usual aggregate functions or...
•  RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), PERCENT_RANK()
•  CUME_DIST()
•  NTILE()
•  ROW_NUMBER()
•  FIRST_VALUE(), LAST_VALUE(), NTH_VALUE()
•  LEAD(), LAG()

New! UUID and Bit-wise Improvements
•  Functions to convert UUID to and from binary:
– UUID_TO_BIN()
– BIN_TO_UUID()
– plus IS_UUID()
•  Bit-wise operations on binary data types
•  Bit-wise operations on binary data types
– Designed with IPv6 in mind:
– INET6_ATON() & INET6_NTOA()
– No longer truncation beyond 64 bits
39

Feature Request
from Developers

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 40
• Improved to consider buffer pool fit
Optimizer Cost Model

Feature Request
from DBAs
SELECT * FROM Country
WHERE population > 20000000;
Model for a table scan:
# pages in table *
(IO_BLOCK_READ_COST |
MEMORY_BLOCK_READ_COST)!

# records *
ROW_EVALUATE_COST

= 25.4 100% in memory
= 29.9 100% on disk
Model for a range scan:
# records_in_range *
(IO_BLOCK_READ_COST |
MEMORY_BLOCK_READ_COST)!

# records_in_range *
ROW_EVALUATE_COST + #
records_in_range *
ROW_EVALUATE_COST !

= 22.5 100% in memory
= 60 100% on disk
Model accounts for
memory ﬁt. For data on
disk an IO block read
defaults to 1.0. In
memory defaults to 0.25.
Much larger
performance
difference for range
scan not in memory
(good)

query: INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (...)
db: mysqlslap
total_latency: 54.43 s
exec_count: 58377
lock_latency: 1.70 s
..
digest: 4e0c5b796c4052b0da4548fd7cb694be
first_seen: 2017-04-16 20:59:16
last_seen: 2017-04-16 21:00:34
latency_distribution:
0us+
10us+ #############################
100us+ ####################
1ms+ #
10ms+
100ms+
1s+
10s+
New! Performance Schema Histograms
41
+---------+--------------------------------+-------+
| bucket | visualization | count |
+---------+--------------------------------+-------+
| 0us+ | # | 1253 |
| 10us+ | ############################## | 43102 |
| 100us+ | ################# | 25013 |
| 1ms+ | # | 2003 |
| 10ms+ | | 325 |
| 100ms+ | | 17 |
| 1s+ | | 0 |
| 10s+ | | 0 |
+---------+--------------------------------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.08 sec)
Showing distribution of query time from a run of mysqlslap
Generated with a quick CTE
over
events_statements_histogram
_global

Feature Request
from DBAs
Available on a per statement
digest level. Can quickly
aggregate top-N statements
with latency distribution.

MySQL 8.0: Boosts Developer Productivity
•  New! CTEs and Recursive CTEs
•  New! Window Functions
•  New! SKIP LOCKED and NOWAIT
•  UUIDs and Bitwise Functions
42

New! Invisible Indexes
•  Indexes are “hidden” to the MySQL Optimizer
– Not the same as “disabled indexes”
– Contents are fully up to date and maintained by DML
•  Two use cases:
– Soft Delete (Recycle Bin)
– Staged Rollout
43

Feature Request
from DBAs

MySQL 5.7 MySQL 5.6 MySQL 5.5
Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted
MySQL Performance Schema
Evolution form 5.5 to 8.0
44
•  Event Waits
•  Mutexes
•  Files
•  Threads
MySQL 8.0
•  Statement
Instrumentation
•  Lower Overhead
•  Memory
Instrumentation
•  Prepared Statements
Instrumentation
•  Transactions
Instrumentation
•  Scalable Memory
Allocation
•  Bundled SYS schema
•  Lower Overhead
•  Histograms
•  Indexes
•  Data Locks
instrumentation
•  SQL Errors
instrumentation
•  Variables
Instrumentation
•  Table plugin
•  Improved Defaults

New! Performance Improvements
•  Improved Query Consistency
•  Histograms
•  Improved Cost Model
•  Faster Table/Range Scans
45
•  Parallel Replication
•  UTF8MB4
•  Information Schema
•  Performance Schema Indexes

0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024
Queries per Second
Users
MySQL 8.0
MySQL 5.7
MySQL 5.6
MySQL 8.0: SysBench Read Write (update nokey)
2x Faster than MySQL 5.7
46
RAM: 256GB

MySQL 8.0: SysBench IO Bound Read Only (Point Selects)
2x Faster than MySQL 5.7
47
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512
Queries per Second
Users
MySQL 8.0
MySQL 5.7
MySQL 5.6
RAM: 256GB

MySQL 8.0: Resource Group Example
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
No Resource Group With Resource Group
Queries per Second

Select
Update
System Configuration :
Oracle Linux 7,
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4860 2.27GHz
40 cores-HT

(40 Cores Shared) (40 Cores for Select)
(10 Cores for Update RG)

Security

•  Improving MySQL Access Controls
•  Easier to manage user and applications rights
•  As standards compliant as practically possible
•  Multiple default roles
•  Export the role graph in GraphML
50
Directly
Indirectly
Set Role(s)
Default Role(s)
Set of
ACLS
Set of
ACLS
New! MySQL 8.0: Roles

Feature Request
from DBAs

New! MySQL 8.0: Dynamic Privileges
Provides finer grained administrative level access controls
•  Too often super is required for tasks when less privilege is really needed
– Support concept of “least privilege”
•  Needed to allow adding administrative access controls
– Now can come with new components
– Examples
•  Replication
•  HA
•  Backup
•  Give us your ideas
51

MySQL Password Features
•  New! Password history - provides DBAs more password management
–  Require new passwords not reuse old ones - By number of changes and/or time.
– Establish password-reuse policy globally as well as on a per-account basis.
•  New! SHA2 with Caching
– Strong and Fast
– Strong - SHA-256 password hashing (many rounds, seeds, …)
– Fast - Caching
•  Greatly reduces latency
•  New! Supports for more connection protocols
•  New! Seamless RSA password-exchange capabilities (No linking OpenSSL)

52

MySQL 8.0: File Encryption
•  New! AES 256 encryption of UNDO and REDO Logs
•  Super Simple to manage - Set
– innodb_undo_log_encrypt=ON/OFF
– innodb_redo_log_encrypt=ON/OFF
•  And
– ON - Pages written after setting are encrypted
– OFF - Pages written after setting are not.

53

MySQL 8.0: Upgrade Checker
54
•  Quick and Easy MySQL Shell Utility
– JavaScript
– Python
•  Identifies Issues Based on Severity
– No Issues
– Potential Errors
– Errors that must be fixed before Upgrading
•  Recommends Fixes
– Schema, Configuration
– Data on Server, etc.

Management Tools Advanced Features Support
• Scalability
• High Availability
• Authentication
• Audit
• Encryption + TDE
• Firewall
• Monitoring
• Backup
• Development
• Administration
• Migration
• Technical Support
• Consultative Support
• Oracle Certifications
56


Oracle Enterprise Manager for MySQL
Performance
•  Availability monitoring
•  Performance monitoring
•  Configuration monitoring
•  All available metrics collected
•  Custom threshold Reports
•  MySQL auto-detection
•  MySQL 8.0 Support??
57

MySQL Enterprise Monitor 4.0
•  New and improved User Interface
– Modern look-and-feel
– Easier navigation
– Better performance and scale
•  Full NDB Cluster support
– Auto discovery
– Visual topology
– Memory and CPU reports
– New advisors
•  User statistics report
58

MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Replication Dashboard
•  Master/Slave and Group Replication
•  Auto-discovers replication topology
– High level overviews of all instances
– User centric views on individual sets
•  Performance monitoring
•  Replication advisors
•  Best practice replication advice
"I use the MySQL Enterprise Monitor
every day to monitor and keep tabs on
our MySQL databases. Quick one stop
shopping for keeping tabs on them.”

- Wes Homer,
Sr System and Network Administrator
59

MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption
•  Improves Security
– Added Layer enforces access controls
– Simple to use and manage
•  Meets Security and Regulatory Requirements
– Fit for cases where encryption is required
– Healthcare, FiServ, Government, etc.
•  Secures and Manages Keys
– Supports Standard KMIP 1.2 protocols
– Supports Oracle Key Vault and other Key Stores
60

MySQL Enterprise Audit
•  Out-of-the-box logging of connections, logins, and query
•  User defined policies for filtering, and log rotation
•  Dynamically enabled, disabled: no server restart
•  XML-based audit stream per Oracle Audit Vault spec
•  New! JSON Output Option
•  New! Compression
•  New! Encryption
•  New! Secure SQL Access to Audit Data
61
Adds regulatory compliance to
MySQL applications
(HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley, PCI, etc.)

MySQL Enterprise Authentication
•  PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)
– Access external authentication methods
– Standard interface
•  Linux PAM
•  New! Native LDAP – Username/Password or SASL
– Proxied and non-proxied users
•  Windows
– Access native Windows services
– Authenticate users already logged into Windows
•  Typically using Windows Active Directory
Integrates MySQL with existing
security infrastructures and SOPs

MySQL Enterprise Firewall
•  Real Time Protection
–  Queries checked against White List and Custom Rules
•  Blocks SQL Injection Attacks
–  Block Out of Policy Transactions
•  Intrusion Detection
–  Detect and Alert on Out of Policy Transactions
•  Automated White List
–  Learning mode for creation of approved list of SQL command patterns on a per user basis
•  New! Custom Rules using JSON definition
•  Transparent
–  No changes to application required
63
MySQL Enterprise Firewall monitoring

MySQL 8

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