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Myanmar
- 1. Myanmar Australia Room, Asia PlateauMRA Center Presented by Nay Myo Htun (aka) Nay Saii 5th March, 2020
- 2. Content • National Flag,Seal and Map • History and Geographic • Major Races and Ethnics • Religion and Belief • Language and Literature • Festivals • Culture • Food • Significant Places
- 3. National Flag, Sealand Map Flag Seal Map
- 4. History and Geographic History •The Republic of the Union of Myanmar • Myan (fast) + Mar (strong) • formerly known as Burma (the Golden Land) • is bordered by China, India, Bangladesh, Laos, Thailand
- 5. Fast facts Capital :Nay Pyi Taw, Yangon (Commercial city) Form of Government: Parliamentary republic Official Language: Myanmar Currency: Kyat (MMK) Main food : Rice and Curry Main Business : Agriculture and Industry Main Resources : Teak, Gems and Black oil Four Main Rivers : Ayeyarwaddy, Chindwin, Thanlwin and Sittaung History and Geographic
- 6. Climate: Tropical monsoon;cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) Highest Point: GamlangRazi at 19,258 feet (5,870 m) Lowest Point: Andaman Sea/Bay of Bengal at 0 feet (0 meters) History and Geographic
- 7. Myanmar • has apopulation of 55,622,506 in 2018 • belongs to ASEAN with a total area of 678,500 sq. km • is the 40th largest country in the world • is composed of 7 States and 7 Regions • has 8 Major National Races and 135 ethnics in these area History and Geographic
- 8. 7 States • Kachin •Kayah • Kayin (Karen) • Chin • Mon • Rakhine • Shan 7 Regions • Yangon • Mandalay • Bago • Ayeyarwaddy • Sagaing • Magway • Thanintharyi History and Geographic
- 9. Major Races andEthnics There are 8 Major Races and 135 Ethics • Kachin (12) • Kayah (9) • Kayin(11) • Chin (53) • Bamar (9) • Mon (1) • Rakhine (7) • Shan (33)
- 10. Major Races andEthnics
- 11. Kachin comprises 12different ethnic groups 1. Kachin 2. Tarone 3. Dalaung 4. Jinghpaw 5. Guari 6. Hkahku 7. Duleng 8. Maru (Lawgore) 9. Rawang 10. Lashi 11. Atsi 12. Lisu Kayah comprises 9 different ethnic groups 13. Kayah (Karenni) 14. Zayein 15. Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung) 16. Gheko 17. Kebar 18. Bre (Ka-Yaw; Kayaw) 19. Manu Manaw 20. Yin Talai, maybe Yintale 21. Yin Baw (Yinbaw) Kayin comprises 11 different ethnic groups 22. Kayin (Karen) 23. Kayinpyu (Geba Karen) 24. Pa-Le-Chi 25. Mon Kayin (Sarpyu) 26. Sgaw (Karen, S’gaw) 27. Ta-Lay-Pwa 28. Paku (Karen, Paku) 29. Bwe (Bwe Karen) 30. Monnepwa (Karen, Paku) 31. Monpwa 32. Shu (Pwo Kayin) Chin comprises 53 different ethnic groups 33. Chin 34. Meithei (Meitei; Kathe) 35. Saline 36. Ka-Lin-Kaw (Lushay) 37. Khumi (Khami) 38. Awa Khami (Mro-Khami) 39. Khawno 40. Kaungso 41. Kaung Saing Chin 42. Kwelshin(Khualsim) 43. Kwangli (Sim) 44. Gunte (Lyente; Falam) 45. Gwete (Guite) 46. Ngorn (Chin, Ngawn) 47. Siyin (Sizaang) 48. Sentang 49. Saing Zan 50. Za-How(Zahau) 51. Zotung 52. Zo-Pe 53. Zo 54. Zahnyet (Zanniet) 55. Tapong 56. Tiddim (Hai-Dim) 57. Tay-Zan 58. Taishon (Tashon) 59. Thado 60. Torr (Tawr) 61. Dim 62. Dai (Yindu) 63. Naga 64. Tangkhul 65. Malin 66. Panun 67. Magun 68. Matu 69. Miram (Mara, Shendu, Lakher, etc.) 70. Mi-er 71. Mgan 72. Lushei (Lushay) 73. Laymyo 74. Lyente 75. Lautu 76. Lai (Haka Chin) 77. Laizao 78. Mro (Wakim) 79. Hualngo 80. Anu 81. Anun 82. Oo-Pu 83. Lhinbu 84. Asho (Plain) 85. Rongtu Bamar comprises 9 ethnic groups 86. Bamar (Burman) 87. Dawei of Dawei city 88. Beik 89. Yaw 90. Yabein 91. Kadu (Kado) 92. Ganan 93. Salone (Salon; Moken) 94. Hpon Mon comprises 1 ethnic group 95. Mon Rakhine comprises 7 ethnic groups 96. Rakhine (Arakanese) 97. Kamein 98. Kwe Myi 99. Daingnet 100. Maramagyi 101. Mro (Wakim) 102. Thet Shan comprises 33 ethnic groups 103. Shan (Tai) 104. Yun (Lao) 105. Kwi 106. Pyin 107. Yao (Hmong; Mien) 108. Danaw (Danau) 109. Pale 110. Eng (En) 111. Son 112. Khamu (Khmu) 113. Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw) 114. Kokant (Kokang) 115. Khamti Shan 116. Hkun (Khün) 117. Taungyo 118. Danu 119. Palaung 120. Man Zi 121. Yin Kya 122. Yin Net 123. Shan Gale 124. Shan Gyi 125. Lahu 126. Intha 127. Eik-swair 128. Pa-O (Taungthu; Black Karen) 129. Tai-Loi 130. Tai-Lem 131. Tai-Lon 132. Tai-Lay 133. Maingtha (Achang) 134. Maw Shan 135. Wa
- 12. Religion and Belief Religion •Main religion is Buddhism (87% of ppl) • Myanmar follows the Theravada form of Buddhism (Hinayana Buddhism) • 4% is Christian (3 – Baptist, 1 – Catholic) • 4% Muslim • 4% Hindu • 1% animist
- 13. Religion and Belief Belief(37 Nats, Spirit Worshipping) 1. Thagyar Min (King of celestial) 14. The Mandalay Grandpa 27. Lord of White Elephant 2. Minmahagiri nat 15. The Dwarf nat (Shin Kwa nat) 28. Shin Kone 3. Golden Face nat 16. Naung Gyi Oh nat 29. Shwe Nawrahta nat 4. Shwenabay 17. Min Si Thu nat 30. Min Ye Aung Din nat 5. Thone Ban Hla nat 18. Maung Shin nat 31. Maung Min Byu nat 6. Shin Mi Ne (Ma Hne Lay) 19. Min kyaw Zwa nat 32. Shin Daw nat 7. Shin Nyo 20. Aung Zwa Ma Gyi nat 33. Tabin Shwe Hti nat 8. Shin Phyu 21. Shwe Sit Thin nat 34. The Lady of North 9. Hti Byu Saung nat 22. Mother of Shwe Sit Thin nat 35. Sin Min Gaung of Taungoo 10. Hti Phyu Saung Medaw 23. Lord of five Elephants 36. Thandawgan nat 11. Shin Mingaung 24. Mintaya nat 37. Yunbayin (King of the Yun) 12. Shwe Phyin Gyi 25. Maung Pho Tu nat 13. Shwe Phyin Lay 26. Anauk Min Phayar nat
- 14. Language and Literature Language •According to historical record, Myanmar literature is more than 1000 years old. There are 33 Myanmar alphabets but 26 in English. Myanmar also has 12 vowels. • There are different styles of speaking in Myanmar language. Eg., speaking with monks or the ancient royal family
- 15. Language and Literature Language ၀0 ၁ 1 ၂ 2 ၃ 3 ၄ 4 ၅ 5 ၆ 6 ၇ 7 ၈ 8 ၉ 9 Myanmar Alphabet Myanmar Number
- 16. Language and Literature Literature •is more typical and deeper than Western languages • has drama, poetry, novel, short stories and prose • Literary criticism is taught in the University level • has been handed down from generation to generation
- 17. Language and Literature •reached its climax under the colonialism due to the strong emotion that aroused a patriotic spirit • A lot of talented writers appeared during that time • Most of the drams are played about real stories of Buddha’s 550 previous lives (are extracted from 550 Nipattaw) • Among them, Zat Kyi Se Bwe (The Great Jakata stories)
- 18. Language and Literature Myanmarpoems • are very subtle and deep • has difficulties in translating from M-E • Eg., When we read a poem, we can see the scene in our mind’s eyes and we can get the smell of crops or flowers
- 19. Festivals • 12 monthsin the Myanmar Calendar as with the Western calendar • Myanmar saying “If you don’t know the season, you may check with the flowers” • Let’s see which flowers bloom in which season and which destivals
- 20. No. Myanmar CalendarWestern Calendar Flowers Festivals 1 Taguu April-May Kantkaw and Yinkat Thingyan Water Festival 2 Kasone May-June Sankar Banyan tree watering 3 Nayone June-July Jasmine and Mulay Ti-Pi-Ta-Ka Examination (Sar-Pyan-Pwe) 4 Waso July-August Ponnyat Waso Robe Offering 5 Wakhaung August-September Khattar Sar Yae Tan Mae Pwe (Maha dote) 6 Tawtalynn September-October Yinmar Regatta Festivals 7 Thadingyut October-November Five kinds of Lotus Lights Festival 8 Tazaungmone November- December Kawei Kahtein Robe Offering 9 Nataw December-January Thazin Literary Festival 10 Pyatho January-February Kwarnyo Equestrian Festival 11 Tapotwe February-March Paukle Htamane (Glutinous rice) Festival 12 Tabaung March-April Padauk, Tharaphi and Inngyin Pagoda Festivals/ Feast
- 21. Culture • Arts andCrafts • Music • Dance • Puppetry
- 22. Culture Arts and Crafts InMyanmar, there are ten traditional arts and crafts. 1) Panbe (the art of blacksmith) 2) Panbu (the art of carving wood or ivory) 3) Panyan (the art of bricklaying and masonry) 4) Pantain (the art of making items in gold or silver) 5) Panchi (the art of painting)
- 23. Culture 6) Panpoot (theart of turning designs on a lathe) 7) Panyun (the art of making lacquer ware) 8) Pantin (the art of making items cast or wrought from bronze, copper or brass) 9) Pantaut (the art of making floral designs using masonry) 10) Pantamault (the art of carving stone)
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- 25. Culture Music Myanmar Orchestra • Isknown as a Hsaing Waing (a drum circle suspended within a frame) • Hsaing Waing consists of 7 sections: drum circle, brass gong, rectangular,gong, base drum, cornet oboe, clapper and cymbal • The drum player is the leader of Hsaing Waing
- 26. Culture The Myanmar Harp •String Instrument which is made up of Cherry Wood • Body is shaped like a hallow boat which is covered with deer skin • the silk strings • 7 strings before but 16 now and length is 32in • Is played in a sitting position and held against the bosom
- 27. Culture The Myanmar Harp •Are being used not only as a musical instruments but also as artifacts to decorate sitting rooms or other dwelling places, like hotel lobbies • There is an interesting riddle about the “Myanmar Harp” It lands on earth, but not a bird It is held against the bosom, but not a baby It has a long beard, but not a Babu It has a curling tail, but not a monkey It sings a sweet melody, but not a maiden
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- 31. Food • Main Food •Traditional Food • Snack
- 32. Food Main Food • Rice •Nga Pi Yay
- 33. Food Traditional Food • LatPhet (Green Tea leaves) • Moh Hin Gar
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- 35. Significant Places • Pagodas •Recreation places
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