The document discusses the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern, which separates an application into three main logical components: the model, the view, and the view model. The MVVM pattern has benefits like being loosely coupled, enabling unit testing, improving reusability and flexibility. Key elements of MVVM include the view, which displays data; the view model, which abstracts the view and maintains its state; and the model, which holds the application's business logic and data.