This document discusses the modified Koyanagi technique for single-stage repair of proximal hypospadias. It first reviews the embryology and anatomy related to normal penile development. It then defines hypospadias and discusses its epidemiology, etiology including genetic and endocrine factors, diagnosis through clinical examination and investigations, associated anomalies, and classification systems. The document provides a comprehensive overview of proximal hypospadias and sets the stage for the description of the modified Koyanagi surgical technique.
This document discusses the modified Koyanagi technique for single-stage repair of proximal hypospadias. It first reviews the embryology and anatomy related to normal penile development. It then defines hypospadias and discusses its epidemiology, etiology including genetic and endocrine factors, diagnosis through clinical examination and investigations, associated anomalies, and classification systems. The document provides a comprehensive overview of proximal hypospadias and sets the stage for the description of the modified Koyanagi surgical technique.
Cri du chat syndrome, also known as chromosome 5p deletion syndrome, 5p− (said minus) syndrome or Lejeune’s syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder due to a missing part (deletion) of chromosome 5.[1] Its name is a French term (cat-cry or call of the cat) referring to the characteristic cat-like cry of affected children.[2] It was first described by Jérôme Lejeune in 1963.
This document discusses a genetic condition where about 1 in 50,000 newborns are affected. Symptoms include a high-pitched cry, downward slanted eyes, low birth weight, intellectual disability, webbed fingers or toes, and other physical abnormalities. Doctors focus on managing individual symptoms rather than curing the underlying genetic cause.
Cri-du-chat syndrome, also known as chromosome 5p deletion syndrome, is caused by a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5. It is characterized by a cat-like cry in affected infants due to problems with larynx development. Other symptoms include small size, mental retardation, small head and jaw, distinctive facial features and limb abnormalities. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing symptoms through physical and speech therapy. The condition occurs in approximately 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births.
Neuroplasticity and Vision Therapy for Adults; A Case SeriesDominick Maino
This poster was presented at the American Optometric Association's Annual meeting in Boston, MA 06/2016
The bottom line:
The visual cortex has the capacity for experience dependent change (neuroplasticity) throughout life. Unfortunately, when it comes to the adult with binocular vision problems, this is not always recognized as being true even though there is strong clinical evidence to suggest a high level of adult neuroplasticity. Current research shows that adults tend to have numerous anomalies associated with the binocular vision system especially within certain populations. This case series demonstrates how those even approaching 70 years of age can benefit from optometric vision therapy.
Cri du chat syndrome, also known as chromosome 5p deletion syndrome, 5p− (said minus) syndrome or Lejeune’s syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder due to a missing part (deletion) of chromosome 5.[1] Its name is a French term (cat-cry or call of the cat) referring to the characteristic cat-like cry of affected children.[2] It was first described by Jérôme Lejeune in 1963.
This document discusses a genetic condition where about 1 in 50,000 newborns are affected. Symptoms include a high-pitched cry, downward slanted eyes, low birth weight, intellectual disability, webbed fingers or toes, and other physical abnormalities. Doctors focus on managing individual symptoms rather than curing the underlying genetic cause.
Cri-du-chat syndrome, also known as chromosome 5p deletion syndrome, is caused by a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5. It is characterized by a cat-like cry in affected infants due to problems with larynx development. Other symptoms include small size, mental retardation, small head and jaw, distinctive facial features and limb abnormalities. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing symptoms through physical and speech therapy. The condition occurs in approximately 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births.
Neuroplasticity and Vision Therapy for Adults; A Case SeriesDominick Maino
This poster was presented at the American Optometric Association's Annual meeting in Boston, MA 06/2016
The bottom line:
The visual cortex has the capacity for experience dependent change (neuroplasticity) throughout life. Unfortunately, when it comes to the adult with binocular vision problems, this is not always recognized as being true even though there is strong clinical evidence to suggest a high level of adult neuroplasticity. Current research shows that adults tend to have numerous anomalies associated with the binocular vision system especially within certain populations. This case series demonstrates how those even approaching 70 years of age can benefit from optometric vision therapy.
2. Поколенијата личат на своите родители,но колку и да личат тие никогаш
нема да можат да бидат исти.Особините не се наследуваат како готови
туку тие се менуваат.На гените влијааат и надворешните фактори и
услови,тие се главните причини за промиените на организмите.
Од овоа можеме да заклучиме дека организмите имаат особина да се
менуваат.
Главни промени се мутации и модификации.
3. Главно разликуваме два
вида промени
кај организмите
Модификации и мутации.
Модификации се промени кои настануваат кај животните по дејсво на
надворешните услови во кои што живеат.Тие не се наследни бидејки ако
организмот ги промени тие услови,тогаш организмот ги губи тие особини.
Но модификациите иако не се наследни имаат големо значење.
Бидејки во практиката најчесто се прави избор на организмите со позитивни
мнодификации бидјки тие даваа подобар квалитет.
4. Кај организмите не настануваат промени под влијание на надворшните
фактори,настануваат промени и во генетскиот материјал,кои се наследни
и можат да се пренесуваат низ повеќе следни генерации.
Мутациите можат да бидат спонтатни и индуцирани.Промените на гените
што се јавуваат неотчекувано без видливи причини се нарекуваат спонтани,
а додека пак индуцирани се кога познати причините.
Причини:
-радиоактивно и космичко зрачење;
-брзи промени на температура;
-хемиски материи;
-лекови;
-отровни гасови и др.
