The document summarizes three important Muslim inventions from the Golden Age that changed the world: 1) Algorithms, invented by the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in the 9th century Baghdad to provide step-by-step processes for solving problems; 2) Flying machines, developed by the 9th century Andalusian scholar Abbas ibn Firnas who is believed to have constructed a basic glider and flown in Cordoba; 3) The pin-hole camera, invented by the Egyptian scientist Ibn al-Haytham in 11th century Cairo and considered one of the earliest cameras.