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- 1. Knowledge about the Great Wall
- 19. A famous saying in China 不到长城非好汉 He who has never been to the Great Wall in not a true man. Or: if you haven’t climbed the Great Wall, you haven’t seen China.
- 20. Those who succeeded in climbing the wall today are often regarded as "real heroes", from this we should realize the difficulty in climbing the wall, but can you imagine how even more difficult it is to build the Great Wall without modern machinery?
- 21. The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the history northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire.
- 22. History of the Great Wall The Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty. To protect the empire against intrusions by the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building of a new wall along the empire’s northern frontier.
- 23. There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls. Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today. The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands, if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall.
- 24. A legend 孟姜女哭长城 Meng Jiangnv’s bitter weeping
- 25. On the night of their wedding, Fan Xiliang, Meng Jiangnu's husband, was pressganged to build the Great Wall by the Qin soldiers. Before Wan Xiliang went away, Lady Meng took her white jade hairpin and broke it into two halves and gave her husband one half as a token of love. One day, when lady Meng stayed at home, she had a bad dream, she dreamed that her husband was constantly yelling: "Cold, cold!" She recalled that her husband was wearing very thin clothes. Very soon, she made some padded clothes and left home to look for her husband. She didn t expect that her husband had already died, so she burst into tears. The Great Wall was moved and it collasped for more than 20 Km, revealing the dead bodies of her husband and many others. On seeing this, she wrapped her husband's dead body in arm and committed suicide by jumping into the sea.
- 26. Now, you can find a temple built at Shanhaiguan Pass near the sea in memory of this loyal lady.
- 28. Then there are the Great Walls in Han and Ming dynasties. The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty in Chinese history when large scale construction of the Great Wall took place, and most of the walls we see today were built in the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Great Wall stretched from the Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, covering a total length of more than 5,000 Km. At present, however, Shanhaiguan Pass is generally considered as the eastern end of the Great Wall because the section from Shanhaiguan Pass to the Yalu River was poorly built and maintained. Shanhaiguan Pass is also considered as "the First Pass Under Heaven".
- 30. In Beijing, the Great Wall is 629 Km long, five sections of the Great Wall have been opened to visitors. There are Badaling Section, Simatai Section, Mutianyu Section, Jinshanling Section and Gubeikou Section. Of all these five sections, the Great Wall at Badaling Section is the most famous and best preserved.
- 33. The Badaling fortress is about 600 meters above sea level. East of the fortress is a huge rock seven meters long and two meters high. It is called Looking-towrd Beijing Rock.( 望 京石 )