The document discusses the history and techniques of mural art. It describes murals as one of the oldest art forms, applied directly to walls and other large surfaces. Various styles are mentioned, such as fresco and secco. The document outlines where murals are commonly found, including schools, government buildings, and urban areas. It provides examples of murals throughout history from ancient cave paintings to modern street art. Symbolic elements in murals and techniques for preserving murals are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of murals throughout history. It discusses various mural styles such as frescoes, techniques like buon fresco and secco, and locations where murals are commonly found such as schools, government buildings, and urban areas. Notable murals and muralists discussed include the caves at Lascaux, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel, Diego Rivera, political murals in Northern Ireland, and modern artists like Keith Haring, Roy Lichtenstein, and Andy Warhol. The document also examines symbolism in murals and how to preserve mural art.
The document discusses the history and techniques of mural art. It provides examples of murals from different time periods and cultures, such as the caves at Lascaux, Egyptian murals, Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel, and Diego Rivera's works. It also examines modern mural styles like CAM, tile murals, graffiti art, and symbolism. The document aims to educate about murals and inspire the creation of the author's own mural through examples of famous muralists and preservation techniques.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an influential American architect known for his pioneering organic style. He designed many notable structures including Fallingwater and the Guggenheim Museum. Wright had an unconventional personal life with three marriages and was known for his strong personality and visionary designs that integrated with nature. He developed new approaches to architecture like Usonian houses that set trends for affordable suburban design.
Frank Gehry is known as a deconstructivist architect. His early works in Los Angeles explored non-traditional forms and materials. A turning point was the Santa Monica Place mall, where he designed the interior first before constructing the exterior as a "huge sign." His later Lewis Building used digital tools to evolve radically between 1997-2000, incorporating traces of his past projects. Some of Gehry's most famous buildings include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles.
A literature study on architecture by Ar Eero Saarinen with description of some of his works, i.e., the Gateway Arch, the MIT Chapel, the TWA Terminal, and the Miller House.
Frank Gehry is an American architect known for his unusual and expressive building designs. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which features a unique curved titanium exterior, and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, known for its intricate stone forms. Gehry's buildings experiment with conventional materials and forms in abstract, sculptural ways to create visually striking and functionally innovative spaces.
The document outlines the main stages of image processing which include image acquisition, restoration, enhancement, representation and description, segmentation, object recognition, color processing, compression, and morphological operations. It describes each stage in detail, explaining their purposes and some common techniques used. The overall stages take a raw image and perform various operations to extract useful information and simplify analysis for applications like object identification and extraction.
The document is a 2010 social media marketing industry report by Michael A. Stelzner. Some key findings from the report include:
- The top questions marketers want answered about social media marketing are how to measure ROI, what the best practices are, and how to manage time spent on social media.
- Most marketers (65%) have only been using social media for a few months or less, though experience levels are growing.
- The majority of marketers (56%) spend 6 or more hours per week on social media, with nearly one-third spending 11 or more hours.
- The report examines the benefits, tools, trends, and other aspects of social media marketing based on
The document provides an overview of murals throughout history. It discusses various mural styles such as frescoes, techniques like buon fresco and secco, and locations where murals are commonly found such as schools, government buildings, and urban areas. Notable murals and muralists discussed include the caves at Lascaux, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel, Diego Rivera, political murals in Northern Ireland, and modern artists like Keith Haring, Roy Lichtenstein, and Andy Warhol. The document also examines symbolism in murals and how to preserve mural art.
The document discusses the history and techniques of mural art. It provides examples of murals from different time periods and cultures, such as the caves at Lascaux, Egyptian murals, Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel, and Diego Rivera's works. It also examines modern mural styles like CAM, tile murals, graffiti art, and symbolism. The document aims to educate about murals and inspire the creation of the author's own mural through examples of famous muralists and preservation techniques.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an influential American architect known for his pioneering organic style. He designed many notable structures including Fallingwater and the Guggenheim Museum. Wright had an unconventional personal life with three marriages and was known for his strong personality and visionary designs that integrated with nature. He developed new approaches to architecture like Usonian houses that set trends for affordable suburban design.
Frank Gehry is known as a deconstructivist architect. His early works in Los Angeles explored non-traditional forms and materials. A turning point was the Santa Monica Place mall, where he designed the interior first before constructing the exterior as a "huge sign." His later Lewis Building used digital tools to evolve radically between 1997-2000, incorporating traces of his past projects. Some of Gehry's most famous buildings include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles.
A literature study on architecture by Ar Eero Saarinen with description of some of his works, i.e., the Gateway Arch, the MIT Chapel, the TWA Terminal, and the Miller House.
Frank Gehry is an American architect known for his unusual and expressive building designs. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which features a unique curved titanium exterior, and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, known for its intricate stone forms. Gehry's buildings experiment with conventional materials and forms in abstract, sculptural ways to create visually striking and functionally innovative spaces.
The document outlines the main stages of image processing which include image acquisition, restoration, enhancement, representation and description, segmentation, object recognition, color processing, compression, and morphological operations. It describes each stage in detail, explaining their purposes and some common techniques used. The overall stages take a raw image and perform various operations to extract useful information and simplify analysis for applications like object identification and extraction.
The document is a 2010 social media marketing industry report by Michael A. Stelzner. Some key findings from the report include:
- The top questions marketers want answered about social media marketing are how to measure ROI, what the best practices are, and how to manage time spent on social media.
- Most marketers (65%) have only been using social media for a few months or less, though experience levels are growing.
- The majority of marketers (56%) spend 6 or more hours per week on social media, with nearly one-third spending 11 or more hours.
- The report examines the benefits, tools, trends, and other aspects of social media marketing based on
The document discusses the history and techniques of mural art. It describes murals as one of the oldest art forms, applied directly to walls and other large surfaces. Various styles are mentioned, such as fresco and secco. The document outlines where murals are commonly found, including schools, government buildings, and urban areas. It provides examples of murals throughout history from ancient cave paintings to modern street art. Symbolic elements in murals and techniques for preserving murals are also summarized.
Pop Art emerged in the early 1950s in Britain and late 1950s in the US, challenging artistic tradition. It is characterized by techniques drawn from popular culture like advertising and comics, and an emphasis on mechanical reproduction. Key artists included Richard Hamilton, Roy Lichtenstein, Jasper Johns, and Andy Warhol, known for works like Campbell's Soup Cans, Marilyn Monroe portraits, and a screen print of Mick Jagger.
If your business is not harnessing the power of customer transaction data to optimize sales, marketing, product development, and customer service, it is likely that you have a Billing and Payments Problem. This paper identifies the warning signs of a potential billing and payment problem and clarifies the cost-drivers and business growth opportunities that suggest the need for a billing and payment solution.
1) Apresenta tipos primitivos em Java como boolean, char, int e double e explica que String não é primitivo.
2) Demonstra como utilizar a classe Scanner para ler dados do teclado, como texto, números e caracteres.
3) Pede para fazer um programa que calcula a média aritmética e ponderada entre duas notas lidas.
An overview of General Motors' Project Driveway Fuel Cell Program, milestones reached, lessons learned, and what's ahead in GM's effort to commercialize fuel cell vehicles.
This document discusses key topics in image processing, including:
1. It outlines several key stages in digital image processing such as image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, morphological processing, segmentation, representation and description, object recognition, color image processing, and compression.
2. It provides examples of applications and research topics in image processing, such as document handling, signature verification, biometrics, fingerprint identification, object recognition, indexing into databases, target recognition, interpretation of aerial photography, autonomous vehicles, traffic monitoring, face detection and recognition, facial expression recognition, hand gesture recognition, human activity recognition, and medical applications.
3. It briefly discusses additional research topics at UNR including fingerprint matching, object recognition, face detection
COM2304: Intensity Transformation and Spatial Filtering – I (Intensity Transf...Hemantha Kulathilake
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
describe spatial domain of the digital image.
recognize the image enhancement techniques.
describe and apply the concept of intensity transformation.
express histograms and histogram processing.
describe image noise.
characterize the types of Noise.
describe concept of image restoration.
Fuzzy c-means clustering is an unsupervised learning technique where each data point can belong to multiple clusters with varying degrees of membership. It works by assigning membership values between 0 and 1 to indicate how close each point is to the cluster centers. The algorithm aims to minimize an objective function to determine these optimal membership values and cluster centers. It is useful for overlapping data and outperforms hard clustering methods like k-means.
The document provides details about various projects in Jessica Wu's portfolio, including case studies of Carlo Scarpa's Castelvecchio restoration and Philip Johnson's Glass House, as well as projects focused on sustainable design, renovating a space in Boston, designing sets for an opera, and exploring the Danish concept of "hygge". It includes descriptions of each project, inspiration, design approaches, and renderings or drawings related to the work.
This document describes the design of the Rice Cluster for Expo 2015. It involves universities from Italy, China, and Vietnam. The cluster aims to provide individual exhibition spaces for each country around a common area. This area will feature refreshments, sales, and events to promote the expo's theme. The design seeks to educate visitors about rice in an engaging way and ensure visibility of each national pavilion. Key elements include rice fields, water features, and pergolas containing interactive digital content.
This document proposes a mini-golf hole design for a sculpture garden at the Walker Art Museum. The design features a Japanese-style arched bridge leading to a zen rock garden fairway. It will be built using reclaimed wood, found materials, and 100% recycled products to bring awareness to sustainability. Over the summer, 50,000 visitors are expected to play mini-golf and experience this interactive artwork promoting simple sustainable design.
The document lists 10 sources used in a research paper or project on modern art. The sources include encyclopedia articles, museum websites, news articles, and artist biography pages that provide information on modern art movements, influential artists like Jackson Pollock and Robert Rauschenberg, and major exhibitions such as the Armory Show. Key modern art topics, events, and figures are represented across the various online resources cited.
The document provides details about Freya Dione's interior design projects, including:
1. Her honors project involved designing an art and workshop community space in a former cinema in Blackpool, featuring a geometric framework structure for hanging canvases.
2. She collaborated on pop-up sci-fi film events for the BFI, designing immersive spaces related to films like E.T. and Dredd using materials like toys, wheels, and light installations.
3. Other projects included designing a student union staircase inspired by waterfalls, an educational building using the Fibonacci sequence, and a Dior advertisement kiosk referencing Rene Magritte paintings.
The document discusses the history and techniques of mural art. It describes murals as one of the oldest art forms, applied directly to walls and other large surfaces. Various styles are mentioned, such as fresco and secco. The document outlines where murals are commonly found, including schools, government buildings, and urban areas. It provides examples of murals throughout history from ancient cave paintings to modern street art. Symbolic elements in murals and techniques for preserving murals are also summarized.
Pop Art emerged in the early 1950s in Britain and late 1950s in the US, challenging artistic tradition. It is characterized by techniques drawn from popular culture like advertising and comics, and an emphasis on mechanical reproduction. Key artists included Richard Hamilton, Roy Lichtenstein, Jasper Johns, and Andy Warhol, known for works like Campbell's Soup Cans, Marilyn Monroe portraits, and a screen print of Mick Jagger.
If your business is not harnessing the power of customer transaction data to optimize sales, marketing, product development, and customer service, it is likely that you have a Billing and Payments Problem. This paper identifies the warning signs of a potential billing and payment problem and clarifies the cost-drivers and business growth opportunities that suggest the need for a billing and payment solution.
1) Apresenta tipos primitivos em Java como boolean, char, int e double e explica que String não é primitivo.
2) Demonstra como utilizar a classe Scanner para ler dados do teclado, como texto, números e caracteres.
3) Pede para fazer um programa que calcula a média aritmética e ponderada entre duas notas lidas.
An overview of General Motors' Project Driveway Fuel Cell Program, milestones reached, lessons learned, and what's ahead in GM's effort to commercialize fuel cell vehicles.
This document discusses key topics in image processing, including:
1. It outlines several key stages in digital image processing such as image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, morphological processing, segmentation, representation and description, object recognition, color image processing, and compression.
2. It provides examples of applications and research topics in image processing, such as document handling, signature verification, biometrics, fingerprint identification, object recognition, indexing into databases, target recognition, interpretation of aerial photography, autonomous vehicles, traffic monitoring, face detection and recognition, facial expression recognition, hand gesture recognition, human activity recognition, and medical applications.
3. It briefly discusses additional research topics at UNR including fingerprint matching, object recognition, face detection
COM2304: Intensity Transformation and Spatial Filtering – I (Intensity Transf...Hemantha Kulathilake
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
describe spatial domain of the digital image.
recognize the image enhancement techniques.
describe and apply the concept of intensity transformation.
express histograms and histogram processing.
describe image noise.
characterize the types of Noise.
describe concept of image restoration.
Fuzzy c-means clustering is an unsupervised learning technique where each data point can belong to multiple clusters with varying degrees of membership. It works by assigning membership values between 0 and 1 to indicate how close each point is to the cluster centers. The algorithm aims to minimize an objective function to determine these optimal membership values and cluster centers. It is useful for overlapping data and outperforms hard clustering methods like k-means.
The document provides details about various projects in Jessica Wu's portfolio, including case studies of Carlo Scarpa's Castelvecchio restoration and Philip Johnson's Glass House, as well as projects focused on sustainable design, renovating a space in Boston, designing sets for an opera, and exploring the Danish concept of "hygge". It includes descriptions of each project, inspiration, design approaches, and renderings or drawings related to the work.
This document describes the design of the Rice Cluster for Expo 2015. It involves universities from Italy, China, and Vietnam. The cluster aims to provide individual exhibition spaces for each country around a common area. This area will feature refreshments, sales, and events to promote the expo's theme. The design seeks to educate visitors about rice in an engaging way and ensure visibility of each national pavilion. Key elements include rice fields, water features, and pergolas containing interactive digital content.
This document proposes a mini-golf hole design for a sculpture garden at the Walker Art Museum. The design features a Japanese-style arched bridge leading to a zen rock garden fairway. It will be built using reclaimed wood, found materials, and 100% recycled products to bring awareness to sustainability. Over the summer, 50,000 visitors are expected to play mini-golf and experience this interactive artwork promoting simple sustainable design.
The document lists 10 sources used in a research paper or project on modern art. The sources include encyclopedia articles, museum websites, news articles, and artist biography pages that provide information on modern art movements, influential artists like Jackson Pollock and Robert Rauschenberg, and major exhibitions such as the Armory Show. Key modern art topics, events, and figures are represented across the various online resources cited.
The document provides details about Freya Dione's interior design projects, including:
1. Her honors project involved designing an art and workshop community space in a former cinema in Blackpool, featuring a geometric framework structure for hanging canvases.
2. She collaborated on pop-up sci-fi film events for the BFI, designing immersive spaces related to films like E.T. and Dredd using materials like toys, wheels, and light installations.
3. Other projects included designing a student union staircase inspired by waterfalls, an educational building using the Fibonacci sequence, and a Dior advertisement kiosk referencing Rene Magritte paintings.
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic materials of architectural surfaces: Mosaics
Presentation to the CURSO DE VERANO
Bilbao Arte eta Kultura UPV/EHU: museos, redes sociales y tecnología 2.0 (museums, social networks and 2.0 technology)
6-7 July 2010 at the invitation of the University of the Basque Country.
http://tubilbao.blogspot.com/2010/06/bak-uda-ikastaroa-curso-de-verano.html
Social media and networking services allow for various forms of communication from one-to-one interactions to conversations involving many people. They provide infinite opportunities to connect people and empower users. Traditional communication technologies only facilitated more limited forms of interaction from one person to one or a few others. Social media experiences rapid growth and connectivity.
This document summarizes and discusses several artworks and projects that involve collecting and copying digital information and images from the internet. It describes Penelope Umbrico's ongoing project of collecting sunsets from Flickr, Hans-Peter Feldmann's collections of photographs of clothes and seated women, and examples of art collections by Aby Warburg and John Baldessari. It also discusses projects by Jon Rafman, Natalie Bookchin, Olia Lialina and Dragan Espenschied that collect and recontextualize Google Street View and other online images. The document argues that these artists use digital collecting and copying to create new meaning and contextualize fragmented online information.
Graduate Students from Parsons Design Technologies program propose projects dealing with water issues for their final presentations in the Interface design major studio class, 2010.
Surprising Sample College Application Essay ThatsLaura Martin
This document discusses Roger Bushell, a British pilot who organized and led an escape from a German concentration camp during World War 2. It provides context on Bushell's background as an Auxiliary Air Force pilot who was captured and sent to the camp. The document then discusses how Bushell organized and led the escape, but does not provide many details. It states that Bushell played a pivotal role in the escape but does not go into further depth.
The document summarizes Nadia Ingrid's work designing an astrozone area for children at the Mount Stromlo Visitor Centre in Australia. Due to budget constraints, her original design for a small room had to be adapted for a larger, more open space. She developed activity proposals and illustrations to create interactive areas focused on astronomy. On opening day, most concepts were not fully realized due to lack of resources but some areas like a stairwell journey and printed illustrations were implemented. Nadia also designed additional projects for the visitor center like a scavenger hunt. The reopening was successful despite challenges in bringing the full vision to life.
Museums offer teachers professional development opportunities to learn how to utilize primary source materials in their classrooms. Workshops and institutes at museums like the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, Library of Congress, and Smithsonian American Art Museum teach teachers how to access and analyze artifacts, documents, and artworks. Teachers develop lesson plans using museum resources and test them out in their classrooms. Technology like websites, images, videos, and podcasts are used to enhance lessons and student projects.
The document discusses how museums can embrace digital participation and change through involving online communities. It describes how the Smithsonian Institution is using mobile platforms and crowdsourcing to engage global collaborators in its work. Examples are given of Smithsonian projects that have recruited volunteers to enhance collections through tasks like transcribing historical documents and identifying fish specimens. The benefits of this community-sourcing approach are that it can fulfill museums' missions of expanding access to collections more than a traditional product-focused crowdsourcing model.
A presentation on how museums, libraries and archives (memory organizations) deliver public history using Interactive Communications Technologies in a world of always connected Internet users.
NJASL 2010 New Technologies... @Your LibraryShayne Russell
This document provides information about new technologies that can be used in libraries to promote programs and increase productivity. It lists several free online tools such as Wordle, Animoto, Voicethread, Jing, Polldaddy, YouTube, Glogster, Flickr, and Voki that allow users to create visual presentations, videos, polls, timelines, and more. The goal is to encourage learning and using these new tools to engage students and showcase library programs and resources. Contact information is provided for the library media specialist who compiled the information.
How to Look at ArtAuthor(s) Jane NormanSource The Metrop.docxwellesleyterresa
How to Look at Art
Author(s): Jane Norman
Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 28, No. 5 (Jan., 1970), pp.
191-201
Published by: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Late this spring the l\fetropolitan Museum, in cooperation with New Yort
City's Parts, Recreation, and Cultural AJjrairs Administration, will launch ztsJirst
mobile exhibztion, a visual education project called Eye Opener. The exhibi-
tion is based on spiral shapes in nature, in everyday objects, and in art, and its
purpose is sir>ply to introduce the pleasures of seeing to people of 11 clges.
Housed on a Jqatbed trailer that opens out under an inJqatable dome, Eye
Opener will tour New Yort Czzy neighborhoods for two years. It is being; fi-
nanced largely through a generous grant from the Billy Rose Fozlndation.
Jane Norman, who created this Jirst exhibition, has been an art educator for
many years, both in suburban schools and if l special projects in New Yort City.
In addition to her wort on Eye Opener, WIr. Norman has given a popular
lecture series at the Metropolztan entitled "The Art of Seeing."
How to Look at Art
JANE NORMAN
Crowded museums provide dramatic proof that an increasing number of people
want to look at works of art. But watching visitors as they wander through the galleries
is a disheartening experience. In general, they glance only cursorily at a work and then
make a careful study of the label beside it. Packed lecture halls and the sale of thou-
sands of art books are evidence that people want to understand the artist's message
but have no confidence in their ability to do so.
Having learned to think in words, most of us must be re-educated to think in shapes
and colors and spaces, for that is the only way to understand a work of art. There is
truth in the old cliche that if an artist wanted to use words to make his statement he
w ...
3. Thesis Statement
The various styles, symbols, and
techniques used to create mural art
have been practiced throughout
history to express thoughts, feelings,
heritage and beliefs. Murals continue
to be a creative outlet for many
cultures and continue to influence
society day by day.
5. What is a
mural?
One of the world’s
oldest forms of art
Applied directly onto
wa$s, ceiling, and other
vast spaces.
Kayne, R. "What is a mural?" WiseGeek.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-mural.htm>.
6. Where are murals found?
Schools
Government
Buildings
Urban Areas
Smith, S.E. "What is the history of mural painting?" www.wisegeek.com. N.p.,
2010. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.wisegeek.com/
what-is-the-history-of-mural-painting.htm>.
7. Who paints murals?
Artists that are:
determined,
commissioned,and posses a
wide range of skills
From all different
backgrounds
You don’t NEED to be an
artist to help with a mural.
Smith, S.E. "What is the history of mural painting?" www.wisegeek.com. N.p.,
2010. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.wisegeek.com/
what-is-the-history-of-mural-painting.htm>.
8. Why do we use murals?
A form of story telling
To learn from the past
A form of therapy
18. First
commissioned in
America in the Reintroduced fresco style
1930’s "Diego Rivera." PBS.org. PBS, 2006. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.pbs.org/
wnet/americanmasters/episodes/diego-rivera/about-the-artist/64/>.
21. Fresco
*Afrescco, italian for “&esh”
*Paint is applied onto plaster
which is applied onto surface
"Fresco Terms." MyStudios.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.mystudios.com/gallery/giotto/terms.html>.
22. Buon Fresco
*Painting in pigment mixed *Painted onto a thin layer of wet lime
with water mortar or plaster
"Fresco Terms." MyStudios.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.mystudios.com/gallery/giotto/terms.html>.
23. Secco
*Painted on dry plaster
Secco is Italian for “dry”
"Fresco Terms." MyStudios.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.mystudios.com/gallery/giotto/terms.html>.
24. Mezzo
Fresco
*Painted on nearly dry plaster
*Used by Michaleangelo
*Defined by Ignazio Pozzo
"Fresco Terms." MyStudios.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.mystudios.com/gallery/giotto/terms.html>.
25. Tempra
Pigments are completely binded to
medium or solvent.
"Fresco Terms." MyStudios.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.mystudios.com/gallery/giotto/terms.html>.
27. CAM
(Computer Aided-
Mural)
Invented in 1998 by Rainer Maria
Latzke
Useful for reproducing the same
image
Also useful for the those who aren’t
very ski$ed
Han, Hongfan, and Donming Lu. "Computer Aided Protection and Restoration of
Dunhuang Mural ." Computer Aided Protection and Restoration of Dunhuang
Mural (2000): 6434,6435,6436,6437,6438. Galenet. Web. 6 Apr. 2010.
49. Keith Haring
"About Haring." Keith Haring. The Keith Haring Foundation, 2009. Web. 6 Apr.
2010. <http://www.haring.com/about_haring/bio/index.html>.
Editor's Notes
Art has always been an outlet for me, being an artist, I am always looking for news way to express myself, and after years and years of admiring murals, i wanted to challenge myself-and see if i could do a mural of my own.
Murals are one of the world&#x2019;s oldest forms of art- dating back to the Paleolithical age. Murals are applied directly onto walls, ceilings, and other large flat surfaces. A mural can be one of several different styles- but all are designed to express a thought, issue, or bring beauty to the building, whether inside or out.
Because creating a mural can be such a costly process- they are usually comissioned to be painted by government or a private institution. For this reason, murals are more commonly found in schools, government buildings, and on buildings you would find in more urban locations like cities.
People from all different back grounds.
Usually the artists who lead a mural produce lots of different kinds of artwork, rather than just murals alone.
They maintain a wide range of skills
Usually a team of artists works together to create a mural, but there is an artist in particular who heads the project and is responsible for making sure that each member of the team knows what they should be doing
Oldest known form of man made art.
Caves are located in Southern France.
Discovered by a group of teenagers in 1940.
Opened to the public in 1948.
By 1955 the CO2 produced by vistors, visibly damaged the paintings.
Contains nearly 2,000 images,mostly animals
Depicted everyday life
Told stories of gods and goddesses
Decorated tombs
Michael Angelo painted the ceiling between 1508-1512
He was commissioned by Pope Julius II.
The ceiling is Fresco style
The central aspect of the ceiling are 9 scenes from The Book of Genesis
Used to represent Religious stories. People were illiterate at the time, so the murals would be used as teaching devices.
One of the most iconic images on the chapel ceiling is the hand of god giving life the Adam.
In the &#x201C;art world&#x201D; this image ranks just as highly as works like The Mona Lisa, but leonardo divinci
Diego Rivera is one of the worlds most recognized muralists
He is credited for the &#x201C;reintroduction&#x201D; of the fresco style mural into modern day society.
In 1930 Rivera began work on his first two American commissions-that would change the world of art forever.
Northern Ireland is said to contain the world&#x2019;s the most famous political murals.
Nearly 2,000 murals have been documented in Northern Ireland since the 1970s.
The murals usually portray one side's political point of view.
Express republican/loyalist beliefs
Many incorporate religious tolerance into politically driven murals.
Fresco, Buon Fresco, Secco, Mezo Fresco, and Tempra are all styles of painting murals. They all include both pigment and plaster, but differ in the way the pigment and plaster are applied.
The word &#x201C;Fresco&#x201D; comes from the Italian word meaning &#x201C;Fresh&#x201D;. To achieve the Fresco technique, paint is first applied onto plaster, and the plaster is then applied onto the surface.
When painting a Buon Fresco, pigment is mixed with water and then applied directly onto the surface, which is usually plaster. The pigment is absorbed by the wet plaster, and after a number of hours the plaster dries. Through out the drying process a chemical reaction occurs between the pigment and plaster. It fixes the pigment particles in the plaster resulting in a a painting that has brilliant colors, and is sure to last centuries.
Because the paint is being applied to dry plaster, there must be some type of adhesive between both the paint and plaster, for example glue or oil can be used so that the pigments attach to the surface. Centuries ego, egg was used as the adhesive for Secco murals.
Meezo Fresco murals are painted on nearly dry plaster, its not too firm but not too loose. The Mezzo Fresco was defined by Ignazio Pozzo as &#x201C; firm enough not to take a thumb print&#x201D;, meaning you can press your thumb into it and will begin to take shape, but not the actual print it self. Because the plaster is neither wet or dry, the pigment only partially penetrates into the plaster.
One of the oldest known methods of mural painting. Back in the day Tempra pigments were directly bound to a medium like egg white or yolks. In more recent days, the Tempra pigments are bound to a solvent such as water.
CAM is a method of digitally producing murals on paper, canvas, glass or tiles with the use of computer technology. There is a step by step process to completing a CAM so that the end result looks like it could have been done directly on the surface, in anyone one of the fresco styles. The CAM can also be used to generate graphic designs like advertisements and billboards.
Here are photos of a CAM being applied step by step.
Sheets were printed out and aligned and applied one at a time to create the larger picture. Each sheet was lined up and applied with an adhesive
Examples of CAM can be found on billboards for movies and advertising for corporations all over the world.
As society evolved, murals morphed into a tool for corporations to manipulate consumers into purchasing products
Tile murals are most commonly used for decorative purposes.
Most of you are probably more familiar with tile backsplash, which you might even have in your own home.
Tile murals are usually found in your kitchen, bathroom, or outside.
Tiles are much more durable to heat,water,and many other elements, which is why they are most commonly found in these settings.
As you can see most tile murals and backsplash are not used to represent a symbol or tell a story, but more to beautify a setting.
Some people even make their own tiles.
Tiles can be made from various types of clay, low fire, or high fire.
For countertops and places that are prone to water, high fire stoneware or porcelain clay is better.
For backsplashes, low fire clay is fine.&#xA0; Low fire clay can be used in areas such as counters and showers if the glaze works well enough, but it takes experimentation to get the right combination of clay and glaze.
Graffiti art originated in the late 1960's, and has developed all over the world since.
Graffiti isn&#x2019;t really accepted as being art like those works that are found in a gallery or a museum.
The origins of graffiti go back to the beginnings of human, societal living.Graffiti has existed at least since the days of ancient civilizations.
The difference between tagging and graffiti is arguable, but some say it's a clear one: tagging is gang-motivated or meant as vandalism or viewed as too vulgar or controversial to have public value; while graffiti can be viewed as creative expression, whether charged with political meaning or not.
A lot of the time, murals are created to express a thought, feeling, or idea.
Symbols are used to portray the point that the artist is trying to fulfill.
One of the most popular symbols throughout murals all over the world, are those used to represent religion and depict religious figures.
As a flower which blindly follows the sun, sunflowers have become a symbol of infatuation or foolish passion.
Clocks represent the passing of time
The boat is a means of escape and adventure, transport and exploration. It symbolizes man's desire to dare the unknown.
The butterfly symbolizes the principle of metamorphosis and is the symbol of eternal beauty, the eternal victim of time.
In recent days, most murals are used by using a type of sealer,protective coating or varnish.
Any type of tempra or painted mural, should have a protective coating, to ensure that it is long lasting
Most tile or mosaic murals, do not need a sealer because of their durability
Lastly, any type of fresco mural, usually has its sealer mixed in with it, however fresco style murals are much less common than they used to be
Mural art programs are developed to benefit at risk youth(keep kids out of trouble, give them a way to channel creative energy), used to help beautify sections of urban areas, get the community to pull together, making people feel like they have ownership in something.
Can be used as therapy- a group that works together as a theraputic treatment
A breakfast place I visited in Oakland
Andy Warhol
Born August 6, 1928
Began his career as an illustrator-moved on to becoming a fine artist
Leading figure in the &#x201C;pop art&#x201D; movement
A lot of his work was viewed as scandelous
Famous for his use of the silk screen process
He was always the &#x201C;odd ball out&#x201D;
One the way to the wiz khalifa concert in West Chester
Born May 4, 1958, in Reading, PA.
Attended Ivy School of professional art, Pittsburgh,PA.
One of his biggest mentors was Andy Warhol
Throughout his career, he devoted much of his time to public works like murals-
He produced more than 50 public works between 1982-1989, which usually carried political and social messages.
Diagnosed with AIDS in 1988
Died February 16 1990