Laws are integral part of any rational/irrational system of governance and management. Laws are made invariably to restrict the right and liberty of people, presuming people will create havoc once they are given absolute freedom. Laws remain critical for a democratic governance, because laws are understood to create level playing fields for all stakeholders. Laws remain subject specific focusing on a particular group/category of people with an agenda enshrined in it. Punjab Municipal Corporation Act,1976,deals with the issue of managing large urban settlements through the creation of Urban Local Bodies defining their structure, construction, election, office bearers, operations, decision making, listing authorities , defining power, role, responsibilities, authorities and functions besides resources needed for urban governance. Law also defines the task/duties , it is supposed to perform subject to conditions and regulations made and defined .Law is mandated to make corporations, intuitions of self-governance at local level to govern the cities in a democratic manner by involving communities and people. But the way law has been framed , provisions defined, it does not empower the Corporation as Governments at local level in their own right but continue to make them sub-servient to state authorities as a department. Law needs review, revision and redefinitions to make them meet the objectives and agenda defined in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
Urban Management & Governance Structures in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy explains various urban management and governance structure found in various States and urban local bodies of India and their limitations
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) Sumit Ranjan
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Housing, 8th sem, B. Arch.
amount, beneficiaries, constraints and recommendations, discription, drawbacks, facilities, financial, funding, government, housing, introduction, managerial, nature, objectives, slums, technical
Urban Management & Governance Structures in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy explains various urban management and governance structure found in various States and urban local bodies of India and their limitations
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) Sumit Ranjan
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Housing, 8th sem, B. Arch.
amount, beneficiaries, constraints and recommendations, discription, drawbacks, facilities, financial, funding, government, housing, introduction, managerial, nature, objectives, slums, technical
ANALYSIS OF URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN INDIA Gaurav Purohit
INTRODUCTION TO LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, STRUCTURE OF URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, FUNCTIONS, TYPES, PROBLEM AREAS OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, CONCLUSION
Housing for all 2022 - PMAY (Pradhan mantri awas yojana) a scheme which is for the LIG and EWS group of people where goverment is taking an initiative to provide home for all category of people in less than 5000 rs per month. Complete your survey here http://www.pradhanmantriawasyojna.com/
Panchayats have been the backbone of the Indian villages since the beginning of recorded history. Gandhiji, the father of the nation, in 1946 had aptly remarked that the Indian Independence must begin at the bottom and every village ought to be a Republic or Panchayat having powers. Gandhiji dream has been translated into reality with the introduction of the three-tier Panchayati Raj system to ensure people’s participation in rural reconstruction.
An integrated local area plan, based on specific needs of each area, was stressed upon from the beginning of plan development process in 1950s. However, despite several reports and studies, there were only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning.
The passage of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 marks a new era in the federal democratic set up of the country and provides constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). These PRIs are empowered to function as institutions of Self Government and to prepare plans for economic development and social justice and their empowerment. The PRIs constitute the bedrock for the implementation of most of Rural Development Programmes.
Panchayati Raj system of governance provides a 3-tier structure of local governance in which Gram Panchayats are the basic units of administration. The three-tiers include the following: Gram Panchayat, Block Panchayat, and District Panchayat. Panchayats are responsible for the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; implementation of national schemes; and to levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees.Govt. of India has elaborated a detailed picture of District Planning through their publication "Manual for Integrated District Planning". This manual will provide guidance in the task of preparing District Plans that are based on a long-term vision, reflect the needs of the people and provide a framework for convergence of programmes and resources so that implementation of the plan yields optimal outcomes and helps address regional imbalances, with a view of bringing all areas of the country into a twenty-first century vision of development.
“District Planning” is the process of preparing an integrated plan for the Local Government in a District taking into account the resources available and covering the sectoral activities and schemes assigned to the district level below and those implemented through local governments in the state.” It ensures better delivery of services and efficient use of resources
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Presentation makes an attempt to brief about the genesis, brief of preparing master plan for an urban settlement to rationalise the growth and development of any urban centre
Chandigarh, recognized globally, for its state of art planning and architecture, remains unique, different , distinct and a role model in the parlance of Democratic governance at the local level ,with having distinction of electing 28 Mayors, Senior Deputy Mayors and Deputy Mayors in last 28 years of the creation of Urban local body. City remains embedded with best of the political wisdom with 9 out of 45 members being nominated with voting rights( already in the court of law). for providing necessary guidance, support, knowledge and understanding of the local urban governance to the
Chandigarh Municipal Corporation. City modulates/stuck up between between two negatively related forces of bureaucratization and democratization. City remains a unique model of urban governance with all senior level appointments made outside the democratic system. City is being run, made operational and function through artificial intelligence with no accountability to the citizens and city. City draws it strength, resources, funds, authority and responsibility from the decisions made outside municipal corporation. City being run and managed by a law, a copy/paste of Punjab Municipal Corporation Act,1976 ,which has little relevance with the uniqueness of the city. Despite made operational after 74th Constitutional Amendment Act,1972,existing law violates , with impunity, major provisions made in the constitution related to democratic decentralization at the local level. Looking at the distinct and different character, structure, functions, planning and development of the Capital City, Chandigarh ,changing context of city with all rural areas and areas defined as periphery made part of the city urban limits, city needs state of the art urban governance model and a different legal framework so that basic structure and fabric of the city is not systematically diluted, muted and destroyed.
ANALYSIS OF URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN INDIA Gaurav Purohit
INTRODUCTION TO LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, STRUCTURE OF URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, FUNCTIONS, TYPES, PROBLEM AREAS OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, CONCLUSION
Housing for all 2022 - PMAY (Pradhan mantri awas yojana) a scheme which is for the LIG and EWS group of people where goverment is taking an initiative to provide home for all category of people in less than 5000 rs per month. Complete your survey here http://www.pradhanmantriawasyojna.com/
Panchayats have been the backbone of the Indian villages since the beginning of recorded history. Gandhiji, the father of the nation, in 1946 had aptly remarked that the Indian Independence must begin at the bottom and every village ought to be a Republic or Panchayat having powers. Gandhiji dream has been translated into reality with the introduction of the three-tier Panchayati Raj system to ensure people’s participation in rural reconstruction.
An integrated local area plan, based on specific needs of each area, was stressed upon from the beginning of plan development process in 1950s. However, despite several reports and studies, there were only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning.
The passage of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 marks a new era in the federal democratic set up of the country and provides constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). These PRIs are empowered to function as institutions of Self Government and to prepare plans for economic development and social justice and their empowerment. The PRIs constitute the bedrock for the implementation of most of Rural Development Programmes.
Panchayati Raj system of governance provides a 3-tier structure of local governance in which Gram Panchayats are the basic units of administration. The three-tiers include the following: Gram Panchayat, Block Panchayat, and District Panchayat. Panchayats are responsible for the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; implementation of national schemes; and to levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees.Govt. of India has elaborated a detailed picture of District Planning through their publication "Manual for Integrated District Planning". This manual will provide guidance in the task of preparing District Plans that are based on a long-term vision, reflect the needs of the people and provide a framework for convergence of programmes and resources so that implementation of the plan yields optimal outcomes and helps address regional imbalances, with a view of bringing all areas of the country into a twenty-first century vision of development.
“District Planning” is the process of preparing an integrated plan for the Local Government in a District taking into account the resources available and covering the sectoral activities and schemes assigned to the district level below and those implemented through local governments in the state.” It ensures better delivery of services and efficient use of resources
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Presentation makes an attempt to brief about the genesis, brief of preparing master plan for an urban settlement to rationalise the growth and development of any urban centre
Chandigarh, recognized globally, for its state of art planning and architecture, remains unique, different , distinct and a role model in the parlance of Democratic governance at the local level ,with having distinction of electing 28 Mayors, Senior Deputy Mayors and Deputy Mayors in last 28 years of the creation of Urban local body. City remains embedded with best of the political wisdom with 9 out of 45 members being nominated with voting rights( already in the court of law). for providing necessary guidance, support, knowledge and understanding of the local urban governance to the
Chandigarh Municipal Corporation. City modulates/stuck up between between two negatively related forces of bureaucratization and democratization. City remains a unique model of urban governance with all senior level appointments made outside the democratic system. City is being run, made operational and function through artificial intelligence with no accountability to the citizens and city. City draws it strength, resources, funds, authority and responsibility from the decisions made outside municipal corporation. City being run and managed by a law, a copy/paste of Punjab Municipal Corporation Act,1976 ,which has little relevance with the uniqueness of the city. Despite made operational after 74th Constitutional Amendment Act,1972,existing law violates , with impunity, major provisions made in the constitution related to democratic decentralization at the local level. Looking at the distinct and different character, structure, functions, planning and development of the Capital City, Chandigarh ,changing context of city with all rural areas and areas defined as periphery made part of the city urban limits, city needs state of the art urban governance model and a different legal framework so that basic structure and fabric of the city is not systematically diluted, muted and destroyed.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on empowering urban local bodies in terms of its capacity building in the area of raising finance for promoting planned development of the urban areas and making cities self-sustaining by providing basic services and quality of life to even poorest of the poor of its resident to lead a dignified life. Land needs to be treated as a gift of nature and not traded as a commodity for commercial use. It should be used to meet the basic human needs and not human greed.
The presentation is an attempt to trace the history of Chandigarh Master Plan. It showcases also the making of Chandigarh Capital city and the making of Chandigarh Master Plan-2031
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
Presentation describes the journey of Chandigarh Master Plan right from its inception and tries to bring out facts which have gone into making of the Master Plan of 2013
Sectoral Leaders Meeting - Laws on Local Government CodeBerean Guide
A presentation by Rimalyn Siriban before Sectoral Leaders from different provinces at Connected Community Leaders last March 11, 2019 with Buklod Pamilya Partylist Nominee #32, Atty. Glenn Chong, Atty. "Lawin" Arellano and Rj Javellana
Similar to Municipal Corporation Act,1976 -.ppt (20)
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
-Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls - Copy.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Globally recognised as engines of physical, social , economic growth and development, cities have been valued to be the future of humanity and communities. Housing major proportion of population, generating large employment; making major contribution to the economy; and providing quality infrastructure besides supporting and innovating state of art technologies, cities remain relevant and important for defining the agenda for growth and development of any state and communities. However, despite having large number of positivities; cities are also known for its dualities, contradictions, positivities and negativities. If cities have been promoting prosperity, they have also been at the forefront of promoting poverty, pollution, unplanned, haphazard, sub-standard development, climate change and global warming. Looking holistically, problems related to climate change , global warming and rising carbon footprints, environment and bio-diversity, can be largely attributed to the manner in which cities are being planned , manage and governed and buildings are being designed, constructed and operated. In the process, cities, as manmade entities, are fast emerging as embodiment of unplanned , haphazard and sub-standard development.
Globally ,it has been recognised that majority of urban ills have genesis in the typologies of Development Controls , made applicable at the local level for regulating the sub-division of land, determining land uses ; planning of the cities and designing, construction and operation of the built environment. In order to promote planned development, cities have been trying to experiment, invent, revise, review and rationalise the Development Controls periodically.
Capital cities like Chandigarh have clearly demonstrated the role and relevance of Development Controls in ushering an era of state of art urban development and creating quality-built environment. Chandigarh has also showcased that if Development Controls are not reviewed and revised periodically, they can prove to counter- productive and become a perpetual liability for the city and its development.
Considering the role , relevance and importance of Development Controls in making urban development rational and sustainable, there is an urgent tp look critically, objectively and holistically, at the context, genesis, intent and contents of different Development Controls made applicable in the urban settings in general and Capital city of Chandigarh in particular.
Providing a rational, realistic, effective and efficient framework for making Development Controls, more transparent, objective, community focussed, effective , efficient, rational and productive will remain critical to promote planned development and make cities more sustainable and better place to live and work.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
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In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
3. 73rd/74 th Constitutional Amendment Act. 1992
• At dawn of independence, - India-
• - conceived as federal structure
• - comprising of Centre / States.
• Institutions at local level- comprised of;
• Municipal bodies in urban areas/
• - Panchayats in rural areas
• - with no constitutional recognition
• --operated under state Govts/state laws
• --In many States local bodies- become weak /ineffective
• - State failed to hold regular elections, Prolonged supersession
-- Inadequate devolution of powers / functions
• .-- ULBs unable to perform as vibrant units
• -Had differential structure across nation
4. 74 th CAA 1992- Objectives
--- 73rd /74th CAA, 1992 –gave Constitutional
recognition/ protection -to governance in rural /
urban areas
-Empowering urban local bodies by vesting ;
• - adequate powers, authority, resources, duties/
responsibility to perform functions
• Ensuring regular conduct of elections;
• Ensuring timely elections in case of supersession;
• Representation for women/ weaker sections
• Strengthening democratic decentralisation
• Defining functions/taxation powers;
• Arrangements for revenue sharing
• Promoting planning at local level through ULBs
• Promoting better governance of urban areas
5. 74 th Constitutional Amendment Act. 1992
• 1Constitution of three types of municipalities:
• 1. Nagar Panchayat 2. Municipal Council 3. Municipal Corporation
• Nagar Panchayats -- created for a transitional areas ( area which is fast
changing from rural to urban area)/ very small urban areas-- five years.
• Municipal councils --for smaller urban areas--tenure five years.
• Municipal corporations -- for larger urban areas.-- tenure 5 years.
• 2.Factors considered for creating municipality-- population , density of
population, revenue generated for local administration, percentage of
employment in non-agricultural activities, economic importance etc
• 3 Reservation of seats – Women-1/3 rd of total seats
• SC/STs—based on proportion of population- one-third of which for women;
• -- Reservation for seats for SC/ ST / BC /women- for Chairpersons
• 4. Constituting wards committees in Ulbs having population > 3 lakhs
• 5. Constitution of Municipalities.- Ulbs to be constituted in every State,
comprising or elected members+experts+MP+MLA representing that area.
• 6 . Appointment of Election Commission in each state-- for
conducting elections to institutions of local government.
• 7 Constitution of Finance Commission for local governments.
• 8. Constitution of MPC /DPC
• 9 –preparing DDP/MADP
6.
7. 74 th CAA- State Finance Commission
• . Setting up of State Finance Commission for
• -- reviewing financial position of Municipalities
• -- make recommendations regarding-
• (a) principles governing -
• (i) distribution between State/ Municipalities—taxes,
duties, tolls /fees leviable by State, which may be divided
between them/allocation between
Municipalities/Panchayats at all levels
• (ii) determine taxes, duties, tolls /fees –
assigned/appropriated by, Municipalities;
• (iii) grants-in-aid to Municipalities from Consolidated
Fund of the State;
• (b) measures to improve financial position of
Municipalities;
• Audit of accounts of ULBs -
8. 74 th CAA; State Election Commission
• superintendence/ direction /control/ conduct of
municipal elections/Re-Elections- to
Municipalities
- -- - powers vested in State Election
Commission
- -- for holding fair elections
9. 74 th CAA- Functions- 12th Schedule
• "TWELFTH SCHEDULE -- attached with the constitution (Article 243W)
• 1. Urban planning including town planning.
• 2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings.
• 3. Planning for economic and social development.
• 4. Roads and bridges.
• 5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
• 6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.
• 7. Fire services.
• 8. Urban forestry, protection of environment /promotion of ecological aspects.
• 9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the
handicapped and mentally retarded.
• 10. Slum improvement and up-gradation. 11. Urban poverty alleviation.
• 12. Providing urban amenities /facilities parks, gardens, playgrounds.
• 13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
• 14. Burials /burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds/electric
crematoriums.15. Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals.
• 16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.
• 17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops / public
conveniences. 18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries
11. 74 th Constitutional Amendment Act. 1992
• Act implemented only in letters -- not in spirit.
• Municipalities not free from interference from state
• Municipalities not given urban planning functions
• Need for induction of professionals in different fields
• -- Empowering /Capacity buildings for good governance
• Including in constitution- state/central list
• - Bringing DLG & HUD- under one minister
• ULBs to be declared as PDA under PRTPDA, 1995
• Improvement Trusts t made technical arm of ULBs
• Town Planning Department - made planning agency of ULBS
• Multiplicity of agencies operating at local level avoided
• Creating a Regulatory authority for fixing Municipal services charges
• Creating dedicated cadre of municipal governance
• Incentivising ULBs for good efforts/ good practices initiated by ULBs
• - Direct election of Mayor/Deputy Mayor/ President/Vice –President
• --74 th CAA– hold great potential in making urban areas inclusive/
sustainable/liveable/productive
13. Number of ULBs in Punjab- 2.12.2016;
Vision
• Municipal Corporations -10,
• Municipalities - 100
• --Class-I (28),
• --Class-II (47),
• --Class-III (25),
• Nagar Panchayats (57)
• Total – 167
• Improvement Trusts- 28
• Vision ;
• - The aim of Department is;
• -- to make the Urban Local Bodies in the State of Punjab
• to be the best in India.
• Providing State of the art Urban Infrastructure,
• citizen facilitation and
• efficient service delivery system
• are the objectives of Urban Local Bodies in Punjab.
14.
15. Punjab Municipal Corporation Act,1976
• An Act for;- Governance of Large Urban Area
• -Establishing Government at Local level
• Democratic Governance of large urban areas
• Establishing bodies for governance- Corporation
• -Defining constitution of Corporation
• - Defining tenure of Corporation
• - Defining Structure of Corporation
• - Defining Functions of Corporation
• -Defining Authorities/officers/employees
• - Defining Revenue /expenditure / Borrowing
• - Defining power of Taxation
16. Punjab Municipal Corporation Act,1976
• Defining system of auditing/accounting
• Defining power to contract, property, borrowing
• Defining power/authority regulating-- water
supply/drainage/sewerage/streets/building
regulations/sanitation/public health/vital
statistics/public safety/markets/slaughter house
• - Defining institutions conducting Elections
• - Setting up of Finance Commission
• -Setting District/ MPC-Preparing Draft District /
Metro
17. PMC Act,1976-Structure- 24 Chapters/431
• 1.Definitions 2. Constitution of Corporation
• 3Functions of the Corporation 4 Authorities under Corporation
• 5 Procedure's 6 Corporation Officers other Employees
• 7. Revenue and Expenditure 8. Taxation
• 9 Borrowing 10 Property and Contracts
• 11Accounts and Audit 12 WS, Drainage , Sewage Disposal
• 13 Streets 14. Buildings
• 15 Sanitation and Public Health 16 Vital Statistics
• 17.Public Safety And Suppression Of Nuisances
• 18 Markets, Slaughter-houses, 19 Trades& Occupations
• 20 Improvement 21’Powers, Procedure, Offences, Penalties
• 22. Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws 23 Control
• 24.Miscellaneous - Transitory provisions, repeals and amendments
•
18. PMC Act,1976-Structure-Reservations
• An Act to provide for establishment of Municipal Corporation for
certain Cities in the State of Punjab
• .Corporation - setting up of municipal Government for City
• Corporation to be;- A Body corporate;
• having perpetual succession common seal
• with power-- to acquire, hold / dispose of property – be sue / be sued,
• - power/ functions exercised by Commissioner till Corporation constituted
• Corporation to consist of,-
• (i) Directly elected Councilors
• (ii) ex officio members -- MLA representing constituencies
• --Government to determine number of elected Councilors
• -- not less than less than fifty and more than hundred
• -- Reservation for SC-in proportion of their population With 1/3 for women
• -- seats allotted by rotation to different wards
• - two seats for Backward Classes,
• - Not less than 1/3 seats reserved for women for SC-- including number
of scheduled cast
19. PMC Act,1976-Structure-Elections
• Reservation for Mayors for--Scheduled Castes, Backward Classes and
women in ratio -(a) 5%or Scheduled Castes;
• - (b) 2% for Backward Classes; /(c) 5% for women Scheduled Castes.
• - Duration of Municipal Corporation.- five years - unless dissolved
• - from date appointed for its first meeting and no longer.
• -- Corporation constituted upon dissolution continue for remainder period
• -When dissolved – elections held within six months from dissolution;
• -Government to direct holding of general elections /filling vacancy
• -Delimitation of wards.- (1) For election of Councilors- City divided into
single-member ward- having approximately equal population
• -Government to alter/amend delimitation orders/conduct elections
• Disqualifications for councillorship --unsound mind/ declared
insolvent/foreign citizenship/corrupt practice/offence involving moral
turpitude/hold office of profit/licensed architect, draftsman, engineer, plumber
• -Allowances - as fixed by Government
• -Councilors elect Mayor, Senior Deputy Mayor, Deputy Mayor –from one of
its members-. Term to be co-terminus with their term as councillors.
• -Removal/Resignation of Mayor, Senior Deputy Mayor/Deputy Mayor.
20. PMC Act,1976-Committes -
• Corporation-may set up number of Ad-hoc committees
• Committees- Mayor as Chairman/ another member as Vice-
Chairman:
• 1,Finance &Contracts Committee-Mayor+2dm+2coun+comis
• 2. Water Supply and Sewerage Disposal Committee,
• 3. Buildings and Roads Committee,
• 4. House Tax Assessment Committee
• 5.Wards Committees - not less than 5wards / population of 3
lakhs or more,
• Wards Committee membership- - (i) Councilors of Wards
• (ii) Commissioner iii. Ex-officio members of corp. nominated by
commissioner
• Elected Chairman from Councilors and nominated Secretary
from officers
• 6. Constitution of District Planning Committees.-
21. PMC Act-Functions - Obligatory
• --municipal Government of City to vest in Corporation.
• 2 Types of Functions –Obligatory and Discretionary functions –
Obligatory Corporation;
• construction/maintenance/ cleaning drains, public latrines,
urinals
• --supply of water
• - scavenging, removal disposal of filth, rubbish obnoxious
/polluted matters;
• - reclaiming unhealthy localities/removing noxious
vegetation /nuisances;
• (e) disposal of dead
• (f) registration of births/ deaths;
• (g) public vaccination /inoculation;
• (h) preventing/ checking dangerous diseases;
• (i) construction / maintenance /regulating municipal
markets& slaughterhouses-
22. PMC Act-Functions - Obligatory
• (j) regulating offensive /dangerous trades or practices;
• (k) securing /removal of dangerous buildings/ places;
• (l) construction, maintenance, public streets, bridges,
culverts, causeways;
• (m) naming/numbering / lighting, watering /cleansing/ removing
obstructions/projections of public streets / public places;
• (p) maintenance of municipal offices;
• (q) laying/maintenance of public parks, gardens or recreation
grounds;
• (r) maintaining fire-brigade/ protecting life/ property in fire;
• (s) maintenance of monuments /memorials/properties
vested (u) fulfilment of obligation under Act / other law in
force
23. PMC Act-Functions -Discretionary
• :- (a) education including cultural and physical education
• ; (b) libraries, museums, art galleries, botanical or zoological collections
• ; (c) stadia, gymnasia, akharas and places for sports and games; (
• d) care of trees
• (e) surveys of buildings/ lands;
• (f) registration of marriages; (g) census of population;
• (h) civic reception to persons of distinction
• (i) providing entertainments ,establishment of theatres /cinemas;
• (j) organization of fairs and exhibitions;
• (k) acquisition of movable or immovable property
• (l) construction and maintenance of - (i) rest-houses, (ii) poor-houses,
(iii) infirmaries, (iv) children’s homes, (v) houses for the deaf and dumb and
for disabled and handicapped children, (vi) shelters for destitute and
disabled persons, (vii) asylums for persons of unsound mind;
• (m) construction and maintenance of cattle ponds;
• (n) dwelling houses ; welfare of the Corporation officers and other
Corporation employees ; sanctioning of loans to such officers and
employees or any class of them for construction of houses and purchase of
24. PMC Act-Functions -Discretionary
• (p) Setting of a chemical /bacteriological laboratories for analysis of
water, food/ drugs/ detection of diseases or research connected ;
• (q) relief to destitute and disabled persons;
• (r) establishment / maintenance of veterinary hospitals; swimming pools,
public wash houses, bathing places and other institutions public health;
• (t) management of farms/ dairies within for supply of milk /milk
products ; (u) organisation /management of cottage industries,
handicraft centres and sales emporia; warehouses and godowns;
garages, sheds, stands for vehicles
• (x) improvement through improvement schemes
• (z) provision of housing accommodation for inhabitants
• (za) establishment/ maintenance of hospitals, dispensaries and
maternity and child welfare centres for public medical relief;
• (zb) supply /distribution of electricity
• (zc) any measure likely to promote public safety, health, convenience or
general welfare.
25. PMC Act- Municipal authorities
• Municipal authorities charged with carrying out of this Act
• - (a) Corporation ;
• (b) Finance and Contract Committee ;
• (c) Commissioner-Appointment of Commissioner. - Class I officer,
minimum service of ten years -- tenure 3 years : renewed further for a
term not exceeding 3 years
• Powers- entire executive power /duties
• (a) conferred/ imposed by municipal/other acts
• - including
• -prescribing duties /exercise supervision /control ;
• -service of officers / other employees
• - their pay, conditions of service;
• (c) take action deemed necessary - make a report to Corporation action,
reasons/cost,
• Power of Corporation-asking Commissioner to produce documents/
returns
26. PMC Act- Procedures - Meetings
(1) hold minimum one monthly meeting
• (2) Chaired by-Mayor/ Senior Deputy Mayor,/ Deputy Mayor may,
• . one-fourth of total members- a special meeting of Corporation.
• (3) meeting may be adjourned / subsequent date,-- further adjourned
• . - First meeting after general election – convened by Divisional
Commissioner-
• Notice of meetings & business. – 72 hours-registered address-only
matters listed to be discussed
• - Quorum. - one-third of total members.- Presiding Officer. - Mayor
/Senior Deputy Mayor/Deputy Mayor .
• Matter decided by majority of votes of members present/voting
• Councillor not to vote on matter in which he is interested
• Maintenance of order – presiding officer and admission of public to
meetings, withdrawal and suspension of councillors-open to public
unless /otherwise decided-- -Keeping of minutes and proceedings
• -Forwarding proceedings to Divisional Commissioner-3 d- election
Mayor/SDM/DM- convenedby Divisional Commissioner- appoint a non-
contesting member to preside-equal vote-toss
27. PMC Act- Posts
Posts in Corporation / appointments thereto. -
• Government may, constitute all/any of the following
Corporation Services,
: (i) Punjab Service of Corporation Engineers and Sectional
Officers;
(ii) Punjab Service of Corporation Health Officers;
(iii) Punjab Service of Corporation Secretaries ;
(iv) Punjab Service of Corporation Accounts Officers and
Accountants ;
(v) other Service --Government may decide.
• Make rules for recruitment/ service conditions / classification
• transfer from one Corporation- to another Corporation
-Officers /employees-- not to undertake any extraneous work
--Officers / employees- not to be interested in any contract,
-- Punishment of Corporation officers / other employees- for misconduct
etc
28. PMC Act-Revenue and Expenditure
Constitution of Corporation Fund. –
- (a) funds before the constitution of a City vested in any local authority
(b) moneys received by /on behalf of Corporation-Act/ law / contract;
(c) Income from disposal of property
(d) rents accruing from property of the Corporation;
(e) moneys raised by any tax, rate of cess levied for purposes of Act;
(f) all fees collected /fines levied
(g) Funds received from Government /individual /association of
individuals –as grant or gift or deposit;
(h) interests /profits from any investment/ transaction of money
belonging to Corporation- loans advanced
(i) moneys received from other source whatsoever;
(2) Corporation Fund --held in trust .
Corporation Fund kept in State Bank of India/ Treasury / Nationalised Bank. –
--- or in any other Bank approved by the Government
- All Money paid to Corporation Fund - received by Commissioner
29. PMC Act-Operation of Account
• Payments not to be made unless covered by a budget-grant
• Procedure when money not covered by a budget-grant is expended
• Application of Corporation Fund- purposes defined in
Act/Rules/promoting public interest/objectives of the Act
• All payment made with a cheque
• - to be signed by both
- (a) the officer-in-charge of accounts; and
(b) Commissioner / officer subordinate to him /authorised by him
• Payments not to be -- made unless covered by a budget-
grant
• Duty of persons signing cheques. - satisfy that t sum specified,
for payment is ;
-- required for a purpose
-- work specifically sanctioned by proper authority
- covered by a current budget-grant;
30. MC ACT; Expenditure ,
•
• Application of Corporation Fund. For making payments related
to –
• (1) Provisions of the Act;.
• (2) Under other Act
• . (3) Promoting safety, health, welfare, or convenience of inhabitants,
• - expenditure declared as- appropriate charge on Corporation
Fund.
• (4) meeting cost of Local Government Directorate/ sub-offices /
advising, assisting/ supervising work of Corporation / other local
bodies: --Provided amount not to exceed 1% of income for preceding
financial year
• -Payments for works urgently required for public service-asked by
SLG
• -Investmenting surplus money. - in prescribed manner, with loss
debited to Corporation Fund.
• - Constitution of special funds. - constitute special fund/ funds and
disposal of such funds in manner defined by regulations.
31. MC ACT; Budget
Prepare an annual Budget Estimates –Indicating an estimate
of income /expenditure-prepared in the manner prescribed
• Preparing Budget estimates-not later than first week of
February
• - adopt budget estimate
• -- -submitting budget to Government not later than last week of
February
• Govt to returned Budget before 31st March- with
//without/medication/approval
-Power to alter budget estimates. - On recommendation of
Commissioner,
- Corporation- increase/reduce/transfer/reallocate funds
-Power of Corporation to re-adjust income/ expenditure
-Provisions as to unexpended budget-grant
32. MC ACT; Taxation
Taxes imposed by Corporation/ arrangements of taxes collected by
Government:-@specified by Government by notification – assessed/
collected as per provisions of Act/ bye-laws made thereunder.
(1) Corporation to levy following taxes :-
(a) lands and buildings; (b) octroi; (c) vehicles and animals ;
(d) advertisements- other than published in newspapers
; (e) on buildings payable for sanction of building plan
(f) development tax- on increase in land value-due to development or
improvement work.
(2) With prior approval of Government , Corporation may, levy tax-
,- (a) professions, trades, callings and employments;
(b) any other tax which State Legislature has power to impose :
Provided opportunity given to residents- to file/consider objections
-Rate specified by Government by notification
- assessed / collected as per Act/ bye-laws made thereunder
- Government to direct Corporation to impose any tax not levied
- - in failure Govt, can impose tax by notification.
33. MC ACT; Taxation
In addition; After close of each year-- Government may pay to
Corporation- whole/ part Tax collected by it under;
- (a) Indian Stamp Act, 1899--stamp duty on transfer of property
- ; (b) Punjab Motor Vehicles Taxation Act, - from person keeping a
motor vehicle within local area City
- ; (c) Punjab Electricity (Duty) Act, 1958, on energy supplied
- (d) Punjab Entertainment Duty Act, 1955- from Individuals within City
- ; (e) Punjab Entertainments Tax (Cinematograph Shows) Act, 1954,
from proprietor.
- Components of taxes on lands and buildings. - consist :-
- (a) water tax- percentage of the ratable value of lands and buildings
- (b) fire tax - percentage of the ratable value management of the Fire
Service;
- (c) a general tax - @ not more than 15% of ratable value of lands and
buildings within City :-- levied on a graduated scale, if Government
determines. - exempt from general tax lands upto prescribed limit
- - Commissioner to Define Premises where water tax / fire tax are to be
levied.
34. MC ACT; Borrowing
Power of Corporation to borrow - by debenture --securitising immovable
property vested/ to be acquired- taxes, rates, cesses, fees and charges
- (a) for acquiring any land
- ; (b) for erecting any building -
- ; (c) for execution of permanent work’ provision of any plant,
- ; (d) to pay off debt due to Government
- ; (e) to repay a loan previously raised
- ; (f) for any other purpose - Corporation is, authorised to borrow:
- - (i) no loan raised without sanction of Government- including-
amount of loan, / rate of interest/ date of flotation/ time and method of
the repayment
- -- money borrowed not applied to payment of salaries/ allowances to
any Corporation officers or other contractural employees.
- Time of repayment- not to exceed 60 years
- Maintenance /investment of --sinking funds for repayment- of loan
- . Priority of payment for interest/ repayment of loans over o
- - Attachment of Corporation Fund- for recovery of money borrowed from
Government
35. MC ACT; Property Vested
a) public town walls, gates markets, stalls, slaughter houses, manure, night-
soil depots / public buildings- constructed / maintained out of
Corporation Fund
(b) public streams, springs and water works for public purposes
(c) all public sewers/ drains/ sewers/, culverts/ water course/s in or under any
public street,- constructed by Corporation alongside any public street,
; (d) public lamps, lamp-posts, / apparatus connected ;
(e)land / property transferred by Government / acquired by- gift, purchase
for public purchased/ public purposes
; (f) all public streets, with pavements, stones, other materials , trees growing,
erections, materials, implements and things provided
- immovable property transferred otherwise than by sale by Government for
public purposes, it shall be deemed to be a condition of such transfer,
compensation payable in no case exceed the amount, cost of present value
- Corporation to maintain a register / map of immovable property
- . (4) The management/control of every public institution maintained
out of Corporation Fund placed under corporation -- vest in the
Corporation-
36. MC ACT; Property & contracts
Acquisition of immovable property by agreement-Commissioner can acquire any
immovable property by agreement- with approval of Corporation
-In case of failure- State Government to acquire land on request and pass on to
Corporation with cost incurred.
-Disposal of property. -Commissioner empowered to dispose property
- by sale or otherwise, any movable property belonging to Corporation - value
not exceeding five thousand rupees
- (ii) grant a lease (other than a lease in perpetuity) ;
- (iii) sell /grant a lease in perpetuity of any immovable property with value not
exceeding 5,000/- or annual rent - not exceeding Rs 300/-;
- - Lease, sell, let out/ hire / transfer any property movable or immovable with
permission of Corporation; - sold, leased in normal/fair competition
- Corporation competent to enter / perform any contract necessary for Act
- - contract made on behalf of Corporation by Commissioner
- -contract with expenditure not exceeding 25,000/- or such higher amount as
the Corporation may fix, may be made by Commissioner ;
- Executing contracts as per – bye-laws,
- contracts made in violations shall not be binding on the Corporation
37. MC ACT; Accounts and Audit
• Corporation to maintain accounts of receipts and expenditure
• Examiner Local Fund Accounts,-to conduct day to day examination and
audit of Corporation accounts - furnish a monthly report– Mayor to sign&
publish abstract
• Report by Examiner on- any impropriety/irregularity in expenditure /
recovery of moneys due in Corporation accounts; also prepare annual
report-which shall be published
• Commissioner to.- remedy defects / irregularities; forward to
Government copies of the report; with a brief of action, itaken / proposed to
be taken thereon.
• Procedure to be followed by Examiner,;. - audit accounts of Corporation
with assistance of officers/other employees subordinate to him
• -- ascertain moneys disbursed were legally available
• -- expenditure conforms to authority which governs it;
• (b) audit accounts of debts, deposits, sinking funds, advances, suspense
Power of Local Fund Accounts– make queries; call for returns, make
observations ; call for vouchers/ statements/returns /explanations .
38. MC ACT Water Supply, Drainage, Sewage Disposal
• Corporation- Make provision of wholesome piped water supply ,
define limits - domestic/ non-domestic purposes at reasonable cost
• Carry out – surveys, assess demand ,look at sources, formulate proposals
• -Consumer to Make application , pay charges for connection, water
consumed- face disconnection of supply- to non-payment of dues after
notice- give notice of waste of water- -Occupying New premises with
arrangement for water supply- occupiers/owner jointly responsible for
offences related to water supply
• Corporation--Power to detect waste or misuse water / test water fittings
• - Supply Public gratuitous water supply.- Make Provision of fire hydrants-
close /restrict use of water from polluted sources
• Make adequate provision of sewerage disposal -Public drains to vest in
Corporation-. New premises not to be erected without drainage- close/limit
the use of private drain ;. Sewage / rain water drains to be distinct.
Appointment of places for the emptying of drains /disposal of sewage.
• Connection not to be made without permission; Buildings, railways and
private streets not to be erected /constructed over drains or water-works
without permission -- affix shafts etc., for ventilation of drain or, cesspool.
Work to be done by licensed plumber
39. MC ACT –Streets
• Corporation-All public streets to be vested, maintained, controlled ,
regulated ; levelled, metaled; paved, channeled, altered ;repaired,
widened, extended or improved and provide/ repair fences and posts
for the safety of foot-passengers
• Corporation holds power to- Close public street/Disposal of land forming
site; make new public streets; prescribe minimum width of new public
streets; prohibit use of public streets for certain kinds of traffic; acquire land /
buildings for public streets / public parking places/ Defining the regular line
of streets/ Setting forward /Setting back//Compulsory setting back of building
to regular line of street; Acquisition of open land within the regular line of
street; Acquisition of building ; Compensation paid in cases of setting
back /setting forward of buildings, etc. Layout plans. Alteration /demolition
of street made in violation;. Declaration of public streets; Prohibition of
projection; encroachment by construction of structures, fixtures or deposit
in stree Power to remove anything deposited or exposed for sale in
contravention of this Act. ; Disposal of things removed; Naming and
numbering of streets. . Measures for lighting.;. Prohibition of removal, etc. of
lamps
. .
40. MC ACT –Buildings
Corporation’s Powers to regulate constructing buildings including ;
- Prohibition of building without sanction.
- Regulating erection of building
- Approval for additions / repairs
- Prescribing Conditions of construction
- -Power to Sanction/refusal of building /work.
- Prescribing When building or work may be proceeded
- Withdrawing Sanction accorded under misrepresentation
- --Prescribing Period for completion of building or work.
- Prohibiting use of inflammable materials for buildings
- Power of demolition/ stoppage of buildings and works
- Power of stoppage of building /works in certain cases.
- Power to require alteration of work.
- Requiring Completion certificate.
- -Imposing restrictions on user / removal of dangerous buildings.
- -- Power to getting vacation of building in certain circumstances.
- Preparing Building Scheme
41. MC ACT –Sanitation and Public Health
Corporations mandated to make provision for daily cleansing
of streets/ removal of rubbish/filth from cities and includes
duties/power involving;
• All Rubbish, etc. to be property of Corporation
• Making provision for receptacles, depots/ places for rubbish,
etc.;
• Owners / occupiers of houses; factories, work-shops, to collect
/deposit rubbish/ removal of filth/ polluted matterthrough
Corporation agency.
• Power to get premises, Public latrines, urinal etc. scavenged
a/cleansed.
• Provision of Latrines /urinals in new buildings; labourers ; for
markets
• Removal of congested buildings; improvement/demolition of
buildings unfit for human habitation/Insanitary huts / sheds.
• Prohibition against washing by washermen.
42. MC ACT –Sanitation and Public Health
• Carrying out disinfection during outbreak of dangerous
/epidemic diseases- public conveyance.
• Disposal of infected articles without disinfection
• Power to restricting / prohibiting sale of food /drink.
• Disposal of infectious corpses when person died from
dangerous disease.
• Conditions of service of sweepers and certain other
classes of persons employed in Corporation service./doing
house scavenging.
• Requiring information regarding burning and burial ground.
• Permission for use of new burning or burial ground.
• Power to require closing of burning and burial grounds.
• Removal of corpses.
• Disposal of dead animals
43. MC ACT –Vital Statistics
• Corporation to maintain data -- Births & Deaths
• Corporation Health Officer - Chief Registrar of births& deaths
• Registrar- Maintain register of all births/deaths
• Commissioner may appoint different registrars of
births / deaths while defining areas
• Duties of registrars. –-Have information of every
birth/death occurring within defined area& register,
without fee/reward , particulars of every birth / death
• -Parents to register child birth within eight days of
birth,
• All deaths reported/ recorded
• Births or deaths occurring in hospital- duty of medical
officer in-charge to report/register
44. MC–Public Safety &Suppression of Nuisances
• Checking Public Nuisance- Role& Responsibility;
• Prohibition of creating nuisances in all public places - carry
meat exposed to public view; spilling/depositing rubbish, filth polluted/
obnoxious material; defacing buildings, carrying polluted and obnoxious
matter during prohibited period/manner; making grave or burn or bury any
corpse at any place; beating drum/blow a horn o/trumpet/ utensil, play any
music ; singing, screaming or shouting, by amplification; letting loose any
animal or negligently allow any animal to cause, injury, danger, , store or use
night-soil, cow-dung, manure, rubbish etc. emitting offensive smell;
unauthorized latrines
• Commissioner empowered to removal/abatement of nuisance.
• Registration and control of dogs
• Regulating stacking or collecting inflammable materials.
• Providing for Care of naked lights.
• Regulating/ Discharging fire-works, fire-arms, etc.
• Mandating to require buildings, wells, etc., rendered safe.
45. MC–Markets, Slaughter-houses, Trades And Occupations
• Corporations-To make provision/ create municipal markets/
regulate private markets/private slaughter houses/circuse,
cimemas, private entertainment
• Regulating Private markets / slaughter-houses.
• Granting license / Prohibiting use of unlicensed markets/
Prohibition of keeping markets open without licence/ carrying out
business and trade- publication/Levy of stallages, rent/fees.
• Power to expel lepers / disturbers, from markets.
• Licensing Butcher’s fishmonger’/ poulterer’s Factory, etc.
• Licensing of Eating houses, etc.,Seizure of certain animals.
• Licences for hawking articles, etc
• Licencing /control of theatres, circuses / public amusement.
• Stopping use of premises in contravention of licences.
• Power to inspect places suspected with unlawful slaughter of
animal, etc.,
46. MC–Improvement Scheme
• Improvement scheme- framed for area involving disrepair/
sanitary defects/ narrowness /bad arrangement of streets/want of light, air,
ventilation or proper conveniences, dangerous or injurious to health of the
inhabitant of the area –unfit for human habitation and
• -- most satisfactory method is re-arrangement/reconstruction of streets
/buildings in accordance with improvement scheme ; frame an
improvement Scheme
• improvement scheme includes ;-
• - acquisition of any property for scheme
• -- relaying land comprised in scheme
• - redistribution of sites belonging to owners of property ;
• - closure /demolition of buildings unfit for human habitation ;
• demolition/ construction / re-construction of obstructive buildings /alteration
of streets ; -- providing water-supply, street lighting, drainage ;
• providing open spaces /sanitary arrangements/accommodation for any
class of inhabitants /facilities for communication
• - sale, letting or exchange of property in scheme ;
47. MC–Improvement Scheme
• Submission of scheme to Corporation for approval / to Government
for sanction. –
• -Improvement scheme -when framed, submitted to Corporation for
approval
• - Corporation may approve with/ without modifications /reject with
direction to have a fresh scheme
• - No scheme approved by Corporation- shall be valid unless sanctioned
by Government.
• Publication of notice after scheme is sanctioned. – by Government,
• - Commissioner to prepare a notice stating that –
• - scheme has been sanctioned;
• -- the boundaries of area comprised in scheme;
• -- place where particulars , map ; land proposed to acquire may be seen
• -- Commissioner to cause the publication of notice in Official Gazette
48. MC–Re- Housing Scheme
• Rehousing scheme.– Commissioner , while framing an
improvement scheme
• - may also frame a Rehousing scheme
• --for construction/ maintenance / management of buildings
necessary for providing accommodation for persons
• -impacted/displaced- by execution of improvement scheme
• --Improvement scheme / rehousing scheme -to conform
master plan / zonal development plan.
• - No improvement scheme /rehousing scheme framed –
• -- after a development plan or City/ zonal development plan for
an area prepared - shall be valid- unless such scheme is in
conformity with development plan/ zonal development plan.
49. MC–Powers, Procedure, Offences and Penalties
• Signature, conditions, duration, suspension, revocation, etc., of
licences and written permissions- specify date of giving ; period of license ;
purpose; restrictions /conditions; name , address of person granted ;fee, paid
• Power of entry and inspection.- any land /building -for checking any violation of Act /bye-
law; ascertaining conditions to take any action or execute any work under this Act; taking any action or
executing any work authorized; inquiry, inspection, examination, measurement, valuation or survey authorised
or required ; efficient discharge of the functions
• Power to enter land adjoining land in relation to any work.
• Breaking into building-when essential -
• Time of making entry- . made except between the hours of sunrise and sunset.
• Consent ordinarily to be obtained.
• Regard to social/ religious usages.
• Prohibition of obstruction/molestation in execution of work.
• Public notices how to be made known.
• Newspaper in which advertisement of notices to be published.
• Proof of consent, etc. of Commissioner etc.
• Notices, etc. to fix reasonable time.
• Signature on notices, etc., may be stamped.
50. MC–Powers, Procedure, Offences and Penalties
• Service of notices-
• registered post,/ delivered at registered office/principal office / place of business of
company/partnership
• Service of bills for tax /notice of demand-
• by ordinary post with a pre-paid letter under a certificate of posting.
• Power in case of non- compliance with notice, etc. -;
• -after giving notice in writing- take action/ steps necessary -for completion of act/ work required to be done /
executed by such person- all expenses incurred payable to Commissioner-- if not paid within ten days -
recoverable as an arrear of tax as land revenue;
• Liability of occupier to pay in default of owner
• Execution of work by occupier in default of owner/deduction of
expense from rent
• Police establishments. -- Every Corporation , unless relieved of this obligation by Government,
maintain a sufficient police establishment for police requirements within the City/ for performance of duties
imposed by Act.
• Arrest of Offenders.
• Power to institute legal proceedings and obtain legal advice.
• Prosecutions. . Composition of offences.
• Protection of action of tCorporation, etc.
• Notice to be given of suits.
51. MC–Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws
• Supplemental provisions respecting rules.
• Supplemental provisions respecting regulations.
• Powers to made bye-laws.
• - Bye-laws relating to taxation.;
• Bye-laws relating to water-supply, drainage and sewage disposal ;
• Bye-laws relating to streets;
• Bye-laws relating to buildings –
• Bye-laws relating to sanitation and public health;
• Bye-laws relating to vital statistics ;
• Bye-laws relating to public safety and suppression of nuisances –
• Bye-laws relating to markets, slaughter houses, trades and occupations;
• By-laws relation to improvement ;
• Bye-laws relating to miscellaneous matters
• Penalty for breaches of bye-laws.
• Supplemental provisions respecting bye-law.
• Bye-laws -- available for inspection and purchase.
52. MC–CONTROLS
• .Power of Government to require production of documents.
• . Inspection.
• Directions by Government.
• Power to provide for enforcement of direction
• Dissolution of Corporation.-
• -- If in the opinion of Government;
• -- a Corporation is not competent to perform its duties or
• -- persistently makes default in the performance of duties imposed -under this / any other law
• -- exceeds or abuses any of its powers
• -Governmnet , may, by an order published, along with reasons therefor, in the Official Gazette,
• - dissolve such Corporation :
• - after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard before its dissolution.
• - When a Municipal Corporation is dissolved
• - (i) all Councillors shall vacate their offices forthwith;
• (ii) all powers/ duties of Corporation during its dissolution-- shall be exercised /performed by such person
or authority, as the Government may, by notification, appoint
• (iii) all property in possession of Cor poration shall be held by the Government
• . Appointment of a person to carry out the work of
Corporation in certain cases.
53. MC–Miscellaneous
• Delegation. -- Validity of notices and other documents.
• . Admissibility of document or entry as evidence.
• Evidence of Corporation Officer or employee.
• Prohibition against obstruction of Mayor or any Municipal authority et
• Prohibition against removal of mark.
• Prohibition against removal or obliteration of notice.
• Prohibition against unauthorised dealing with public place / materials.
• . Liability of Councillors.
• Councillors /Corporation Officer and employees to be public servants.
• Annual administration report.
• Other laws not to be disregarded.
• Construction of references.
• Special provisions as to rural areas.
• Government’s power to suspend any resolution /order of Corporation.
• Government’s power to annul or modify illegal proceedings.
• . Government’s power to withdraw area of City from operation of Act
54. MC–Transitory provisions, repeals/
amendments
• Constructions of references in other enactment.
Sums due.
• Assets, liabilities, debts, obligations, contracts
and pending proceedings.
• Continuation of appointments, taxes, budget
estimates, assessments, etc.
• . Provision for municipal committee or local
authority which is superseded or dissolved.
• Power to remove difficulties.
• Repeal.- The Punjab Municipal Act, 1911, the Punjab Municipal
(Executive Officers) Act, 1931, the Punjab Gram Panchayat Act, 1952 and
the Punjab Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishads Act, 1961, shall stand
repealed in area constituted to be a City or included in a City with effect
from the day on which it is so constituted or included.
55. MC ACT; Taxation- Land
. Determination of Ratable value of lands/ buildings assessable
- Subject to rules, made by State Government
- rateable value of any land/ building assessable to taxes u/s 91 shall be
- - (a land- gross annual rent reasonably expected to let;
- (b) building; , the gross annual rent of building& appurtenances expected
to let with following deductions :- (i) not exceeding 20 % on account of the
furniture let therewith; (ii) a deduction of 10 % for repair/ maintain building
to command such gross annual rent.
- Explanation I.-- immaterial whether house/ building/ furniture/ land let by
same/ different contracts,
- Explanation II. - ‘‘gross annual rent’’ not to include any tax payable by the
owner / tenant .
- (c) In the case of building, where gross annual rent cannot be determined
@ 5 % of estimated present cost of erecting building-- less depreciation
Provided that - (i) without accounting machinery thereon ;
- - when self occupied by owner/ not let- rateable valueto be 50% of annual
market rent in locality for similar accommodation
56. MC ACT; Taxation- Land
. Furnishing of returns / penalty .
- Every owner of lands / buildings exceeds Rs 30,000/-shall furnish a return
- - in prescribed form / verifed with particulars
- -Failure to give any information in the return which is false,
- - punishable with fine - extend to 5,000/- and jail for 3 months or with both
- - Exemption from Taxation of Union properties- except properties liable for
tax before Jan26,1950
- -. Charge by measurement in lieu of water tax in certain cases
- -Recovery of taxes on lands and buildings from occupiers.
- -Taxes on lands / buildings- first charge on premises assessed
- --Preaparing Assessment list. –Corporation to prepare assessment list of
all lands/ buildings in City to be prepared containing prescribed particulars.-
along with ratable value – notified- objections invited-considered –finalised-
power to revise –notify rate annually- when property transferred notice given
- Notice of erection of building, . – When building is er re-built / enlarged/
re-occupied, person to give in writing to the Commissioner within fifteen
days from date of its completion/ occupation, and the said taxes shall be
assessable on the building from the said date
57. MC ACT; Taxation- Land
. Notice of demolition or removal of building
-Power of Commissioner to call for information and return
-a) name /place of residence of owner/occupier/ both of land or building;
(b) measurements /dimensions land /building ; rent
, (c) actual cost /details determining such land.
-Power of Commissioner to employ valuers.
58. Punjab Municipal Corporation
Law ( extension To
Chandigarh)- 1994
Ar. J.K.GUPTA,
Email---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com, Mob- 90410-26414
59. PMC Act- Composition
• Corporation shall consist of,
• Members directly elected representing wards-not less than 20
• - 9 members, with voting rights, nominated by Administrator from Persons-
• - eminent / distinguished in public affairs or
• -Having special knowledge/practical experience in Municipal Admn.
• - Member House of People-MP with voting Right
• Government by notification fix the number of wards-
• Till election of Corporation- Commissioner to exercise all Powers
• Government to Fix number of Wards
• - Reservation of seats for the SC – based on population