The document discusses multifaceted classification and visualization techniques for exploratory experiences on information-intensive websites. It introduces faceted search, which allows users to filter search results by selecting values from different metadata facets. Facets can be single-valued or multi-valued. The document also discusses visualizing facet values, search results, and the relationships between facets using techniques like tag clouds and interactive maps. Advanced topics covered include fuzzy facets and semantic browsing.

1. Multifaceted classification and visualization for exploratory experiences Luigi Spagnolo luigi.spagnolo@polimi.it 1 Information and CommunicationQuality

2. Index Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 2 Loooong and boring lecture! :-) Part I: classifications and faceted search Break Part II: Advanced visualization of contents Break Part III: Introduction to Simile Exhibit

3. 3 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences Part 1 | Classifications and facetedsearch (Amazon’s Diamondsearchwasone of the first e-commerce applications of facetedsearch)

4. Let’s start with a scenario Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 4 1-2 volunteersplease! Imagine to work as journalists for the Horse Illustrated magazine You have to write an essay about horses in art (and in particular in painting) among the centuries. Find interesting information on the website of the Louvre Museum http://www.louvre.fr/llv/commun/home.jsp?bmLocale=en

5. Problemswith the Louvre Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 5 Artworks are separated by department (internal “bureaucratic” classification) and by provenience. It is not possible to search them together (regardless of their age and country of origin) by subject. There is no introductory content on the subject that can guide the student in her search.

6. Content-intensive websites Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 6 Also know as: Information-intensive Often Infosuasive= informative + persuasive Like ancient rhetoric: inform and persuade Mainly intended for: Learning, understanding, discovering, comparing information Leisure and entertainment

7. Contents Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 7 Text, multimedia (audio, video, images) Hypermedia = multimedia + hyperlinks Information involvessubjectivejudgment Depends on the author and on the user Objective: “10km far from Como”, “the paintingwasmade in 1886” Subjective: “Near Como”, “the paintingisimpressionist”

8. Userexperiencesrequirements | 1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 8 From the users’ point of view: Usability: usage is effective, efficient and satisfactory Findability: users can locate what they are looking for “At a glance” understandabity: users understand the website coverage and can make sense of information Enticing explorability: users are compelled to “stay and play” and discover interesting connections among topics

9. Userexperiencesrequirements | 2 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 9 From the stakeholders’ point of view: Planned serendipity: promoting most important contents so that users can stumble in them E.g. “Readers that purchased this book also bought…” Communication strengh and branding: the website conveys the intended “message” and “brand” of the institution behind it E.g. “we have the lowest prices”, “we are very authorithative”, etc.

10. Information architecture Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 10 Purpose: conceptually organizing information Providing access to contents Index navigation (a) Guided navigation (b) Providing the possibility of moving from a content to related ones Contextual navigation (c): cross-reference links, semantic relationships

11. “Traditional” structure Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 11 Taxonomy: hierarchy of categories and subcategories Sections and group of contents are the branches of the tree Contents are the leaves Cross-reference links between nodes

12. An example Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 12 Sitemap: Art gallery website Artworks of the month Paintings Top 10 masterpieces By artist By artistic movement By subject Sculptures ... By material Photographs ...

13. Problems/1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 13 Whatif I wanttobrowseallartworks (regardlesstheirtype) byartist? Classifications are “nested” in a fixedorder Designersshouldchoosewhichclassificationshouldprevail (e.g. bytype) Whatif I wanttofind “impressionistspaintingsportrainganimals”? I cannot combine multiple “sibling”classifications (e.g. by style and bysubject)

14. Problems/2 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 14 As long as the website issmall a goodtaxonomy can satisfyuserrequirements Forlarge websites (hundreds or thousand of pages) Indexed/guidednavigationdoesn’t scale Users can’t easilyfindwhattheywant Users can’t makesense of allsuch information

15. Solutions? Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 15 What do users do whennavigationdoesn’t work? Theyusesearch! Searcharrangescontentsdynamically and automatically (in a way notpredefinedbydesigners) Butkeyword-basedsearchisnotoptimal No hintsforusersthathave no clear idea of whatto look Weneed a betterparadigm: Exploratorysearch

16. Exploratorysearch Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 16 The model “query  results” is too simple Usually search is like “berry picking” (Bates) We analyze search results and... We refine query (again and again) to get better results We need hints (filters) for refinements Fromfinding to understanding (Marchionini)

18. The user selects a combination of metadata values belonging to several facets

19. Each facet correspond to a particular orthogonal dimension that describes the content objects made available for search, e.g. for an artwork:

20. Subject: people portrayed, flowers and plants, abstract...

21. Medium: painting, sculpture, photography...

22. Technique: oil, watercolors, digital art...

23. Style: impressionism, expressionism, abstractism...

25. How the interactionworks Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 19 When the user chooses a filter, the application selects: The results: items that have been “tagged” with the filter and the other metadata previously chosen The remaining filters: metadata that combined with the previous choices can produce results The users can continue narrowing results until they options are available

26. Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 20 Howvalues are (usually) combined Filtersbelongingtodifferentfacetsare combined in conjunction E.g. “technique:oil” AND “style:impressionism” Filtersbelongingto the samefacetare: Combined in conjunctionif the facetadmits more values at the sametimeforeachobject E.g. “subject:people” AND “subject:animals” (both people and animals in the samepicture) Combined in disjunctionif the facetadimitsonlyonevalue E.g. “location:Milan” OR “location:Como” (anobjectwhichis Como or in Milan)

27. Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 21 Type of facets Single-valued vs. multi-valued Flat vs. hierarchical organization of values E.g. hierarchical: nation/region/province Subjective/arbitrary (properly named facets) vs. objective (attributes) A date, a location, a price are examples of objectivedata “Topic”, “Audience”, “Artistic movement”, “importance” are examples of subjective information Assigning/using a value involves some kind of judgment and interpretation and is influenced by cultural and personal backgrounds

28. Type of facetvalues Sortable and comparable? We can say that value1<=value2<=…<=valueN? E.g. Dates, magnitudes, scales of judgment, quantitative data e.g. “sufficient”<“excellent”, 10€<100€, “Monday”<“Friday” Ranges [value1, value2] E.g. User is allowed to search for events from 01/06 to 31/08 Classes of values e.g. for price: 0-10€, 11-20€, 21-50€, 51-100€, … The way we define classes is arbitrary and depend on domain Terms (strings of text) Taxonomies, controlled vocabularies User-defined tags (folksonomies) From data-mining Numerical values and dates Boolean values (yes/no) E.g. “Available for buying?”, “original?”, “still living?” Even shades of color, shapes, etc... 22 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo

29. Benefits of facetedsearch Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 23 Easy and naturalalmostlike “traditional” browsing Withrespecttokeyword-basedsearchusershavehints recognitionraterthanrecall Users can freely combine multiple classificationsaccordingtotheywishes Users can more easilymakesense of information (ifsupportedbygoodinterfaces) Frustrating “no resultsfound” searchesavoided

30. Limitations of facetedsearch | 1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 24 Too more facets and facetsvaluesmay generate information overloadtoo! Possiblesolution: Display only the mostrelevantfacets (and facetvalues) for the userprofile or the givencontext The relevance of an item with respect to a facet value can assumes only two states: Relevant (1): the item is tagged with a certain facet value Not relevant (0): The item is not tagged with that facet value Too poor model in some cases

31. Limitations of facetedsearch | 2 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 25 No oneexplainuswhat a certainfacetvaluesmeans Possibile solutions: images and tooltips (wewilldiscusslater) We can filteritems, butwe can’t filterfacetvalues! E.g. paintingsfilteredbyartists We can’t filter the Artistsfacetvaluesbynationality, gender, age, etc. We can’t sortautomaticallyitemsbyrelevance (like “traditional” information retrievaldoes)

32. Research: beyondfacetedsearch | 1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 26 Semanticbrowsing Exploringcontents at level of setsusingsemanticrelationships, e.g. The museumsthathave bronze Greekstatues “Women portrayedby women”: paintingswithsubject:woman and artist:gender:female Schoolsattendedby the daughters of U.S. democraticpresidents (http://www.freebase.com/labs/parallax/) Challenges: effectivemodels and usable interface

33. Research: beyondfacetedsearch | 2 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 27 Fuzzyfacets Multiple fuzzylevels of relevance/importancefor a facetvalue E.g. a church built among the centuries may be at a 70% Romanic and at a 30% gothic as style E.g. two monuments may be both Roman, but one can be more artistically important (for Roman civilization) than the other. Multiple degrees of relevance could allow to calculate the ranking of results by relevance to the contexts.

34. Fuzzyfacets Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 28 Some concepts…

35. References Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 29 Hearst, M. A. (2009). Search User Interfaces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://searchuserinterfaces.com/book/sui_ch8_navigation_and_search.htmlAvailablefor free! Marchionini, G. (2006). Exploratory search: from finding to understanding. Communications of the ACM, 49, 41 – 46. Tunkelang, D. (2009). Faceted Search, in Marchionini, G. (ed.), Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool Publishers. Yee, K. P., Swearingen, K., Li, K., & Hearst, M. (2003). Faceted metadata for image search and browsing. CHI '03: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, 401–408. Morville, P. and Callender, J. (2010). Search patterns. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly.

36. Part 2 | Advancedvisualization of contents 30 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences

37. Whyvisualization? Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 31 Facets are conceptuallyorthogonal, but… In reality manyphenomenon are correlated E.g. antiquitiesbelongingtoCelticcivilization are foundonly in Northern Italy Learningisinvestigating and findingconnectionsbetweendifferentaspects Weneed (intuitive) visualrepresentationsto compare information and put on evidencecorrelations A goodmodelisimportant, butaneffectivevisualizationreallymakes the difference

38. Visualizingwhat? Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 32 Facets and facetsvalues: Tagclouds, hierarchicalvisualizations, etc. Contentitems (exploratorysearchresults) Interactivelists (allowingdinamicgrouping/sorting) Thematicmaps: forgeographically-relatedfeatures Statisticalgraphics Turningexploratorysearchinto (intuitive) exploratory data analysis

39. Let’s seeanexample Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 33 An interactivemapof archaeologicalvenuesin Italy: From the new website of the Directorate-GeneralforAntiquities(ItalianMinistry of Culture) Prototypemadebyus at the HOC-Lab http://hoc5.elet.polimi.it/archeo/index.php/eng/Mappa-archeologica/Mappa-interattiva

40. Tagclouds Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 34 Originallyconceivedfor folksonomies The size of the link shows the frequency (importance) of the facetvalue inside the collection of items : number of itemstaggedwithfacetvalue

41. Proportional vs. Linear scaling Powerlaw: fewterms are usedtotag the highestmajority of items Proportionalscaling Tagsizes are directlyproportionaltotheirfrequency fewwords are very big, many are veryverysmall Linear scaling Tagsizes are based on the logarithm of theirfrequency The difference of sizeissmoother 35 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo

42. Calculating a tagcloud Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 36 Highest and lowestfrequencyfound Largest and smallestsizedesired Highestdifference in size Wewanttodetermine the size of eachfacetvalue link Proportionalscaling Linear scaling

43. Visualizinghierarchicalfacets 37 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo Tree-basedvisualization Tooltips

44. Conveying the meaningof facetvalues 38 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo Using icons Usingtooltips (concept)

45. Conjuntive vs. disjunctive facets 39 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo Conjunctive (usuallyplainlinks) Disjunctive (checkboxes)

46. Geographical information Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 40 Thematicmapsvisuallyrepresentone or more featureson a geographical area Digital, interactivethematicmaps Users can zoom and/or adjustvisualization in some way Users can filteritems More features at once: multivariate thematicmap Differentsigns (shapes, colors, icons) can beusedforshowing more characteristics on the samemap Avoid mixing shapes, colors and iconstogether: the resultmaybeverymessy!

47. Dot map Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 41 Simplestthematicmap One placemark = one item at itsexact location (like in Google Maps), or Onesign = k items in that area Differentsigns (shapes, colors, icons) can beusedforshowing more characteristics on the samemap May bemessyifmanyitems are concentrated in a small area Expecially at low levels of zoom Expecially multivariate dot maps

48. Graduatedsymbolmap | 1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 42 AlsocalledProportionalsymbolmap The mapisdividedintoareas (e.g. administrativeareas) Onesignforeach area (single feature) Onesignforeach of N features in each area (multivariate) The size of the signchangesaccordingto the number of itemswithfeature X on area Y Proportial, linear, classscalings Multivariate versiontendstobemessyifyou display toomuchvalues at one

49. Graduatedsymbolmap | 2 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 43 Advantages Statisticaldistribution on a certain area clearlyshowed (Withrespectto dot map) overlapping of signsavoided Disadvantages Multivariate versiontendstobemessyifyou display toomuchvalues at once (e.g. facetswithmanydistinctvalues) The scalingshouldbecarefullychosentoavoidtoohuge or toosmallsigns

50. Pie chart map | 1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 44 Similarto multivariate graduate symbolmap The mapisdividedintoareas (e.g. administrativeareas) Onecircle (pie) foreach area Each part is cut intoslices The size of the sliceisproportionalto the number of itemswithfeature X on area Y

52. Choroplethmap | 1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 46 Using colors, shades or patterns The map is still divided into areas Each area is colored/patterned/shaded according to the feature to show High communicative strengh, but…

53. Choroplethmap | 2 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 47 A single area maybecolored/shaded/patternedaccording on mutuallyescusivevalues E.g. Regionsthat are governedbyleft vs. rightparties Single-valuedfacetsonly

54. Choroplethmap | 3 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 48 The gradient of shade/color maybeproportialto the frequency of a single feature E.g. number of earthquakes, population To show more features at onesyoushouldoverlapcolors or patterns: toomessy Youneed a mapforeachfacet vale

55. Non-geographical information Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 49 Statisticalgraphics Scatter plot charts Network diagrams Conceptualmaps Matrix charts Histograms and bar charts Representationsshouldbe intuitive ifthey are conceivedfor websites We can’t expectthatuserslearnhowto “read” them! Itdepends on the type of users

56. Scatter plot Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 50 Classicalstatisticaldiagram Showscorrelationsbetween a feature on the x axis and a feature on the y axis For quantitative data Good impact onlyfor “expert” user

57. Matrix chart Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 51 Showscorrelationsbetweenvaluesbelongingtotwofacets in row and columns Valuesanalyzed in pairs The size of the circleshowshowmanyitems are taggedwith the coupleof values E.g. Classesparticipatingto Politecnico di Milano programsbyyear and type of schools Can beread in twoways Howparticipationchangedamongyearsforschool X (rows) Howparticipationisdistributedamongschools in year X (columns)

58. Rich interface required Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 52 AJAX (javaScript) Adobe Flash (Actionscript) Higherresponsiveness: Users don’t needtowaituntil the wholepageisrefreshed Only the changedelements are updated (by the script)

59. References Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 53 Andrienko G. and Andrienko N. (1999). interactive maps for visual data exploration. Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vo. 10, 4, 335-374. http://geoanalytics.net/and/papers/ijgis99.pdf https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/l5_p1.html http://thematicmapping.org/playground/ http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/page/Visualization_Options.html Hearst, M. A. (2009). Search User Interfaces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://searchuserinterfaces.com/book/sui_ch11_text_analysis_visualization.htmlAvailablefor free! Smith, G. (2008). Tagging: people powered metadata for the Social web. New Riders. Tunkelang, D. (2009). Faceted Search, in Marchionini, G. (ed.), Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool Publishers. Morville, P. and Callender, J. (2010). Search patterns. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly.

60. Part 3 | Introductionto Simile Exhibit 54 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences

61. Simile Exhibit Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 55 Lightweightframeworkforweb data publishing Web of data and advancedvisualizationforeverybody! :-) Part of the project Simile Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in unLike Environments Created by David Huynh et al. at the CSAIL lab of the MIT Completely client-side (Javascript) Doesnotrequiretowrite server-side code

62. Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 56 Simile Exhibit

63. JSON A way forencoding and exchanging data Nice alternative to XML for AJAX applications JSON objects are easilymanaged in JavaScript and main server-side scriptinglanguages (PHP, Java, .Net, Ruby…) 57 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo

64. Whatauthorsneedto do { properties: { "co-winner" : { valueType: "item" } }, "items" : [ { type : "Nobelist", label : "Burton Richter", discipline : "Physics", shared : "yes", ... }, <divex:role="view" ex:viewClass="Timeline" ex:start=".nobel-year" ex:colorKey=".discipline"> </div> ... <divex:role="facet" ex:expression=".discipline" ex:facetLabel="Discipline"> </div> 58 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo Create/import JSON Write/generate HTML code

65. Exhibit data model Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 59 Contents/objects are calleditems Eachitem has some properties Special properties: id, label, type Properties also specify semantic relationships between items

66. Exhibitexpressions Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 60 Pathsusedto “navigate” items and properties Evaluating .author.labelon “Da Vinci code” returns "Dan Brown” Evaluating !author.labelon "Dan Brown” returns the titles of his book Evaluating .attends!teaches.ageon the student of a course returns the age of the teacher Paths can also start with a predefined variable: value: current item or vakue index: the index of the current item or value in a sequence of items or values value.author.nationalityequals to .author.nationality

67. Facets Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 61 Properties of items can beusedtofilter/searchthem E.g. <divex:role="facet" ex:facetClass="Cloud" ex:expression=".subject"> </div> List facet Tag cloud Hierarchical facet Slider (numerical ranges) Calendar (range of dates) Image facet Keyword-based search The values of the same facet are combined disjuctively

68. Views Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 62 Differentwaysfordisplaying the collection of items E.g. <divex:role="view" ex:viewClass="Map" ex:latlng=".latlng" > </div> List Thumbnails Table Timeline (displaying according to time) Scatterplot, matrix table, etc.

69. Multivariate graduatedsymbolmaps Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 63 Multivariate graduatedsymbolmapsneed some tricks: Associate itemswith a certainpropertyvalue in a given area to a certainplaceholder {label: "Musei Lombardy“, type: "RegSet", region: "Lombardy“, lat: "45.7791", lng: "9.84524"} Use the placeholdercoordinatesto display all the associateditems in the samepoint Exhibit code ismodifiedtochange the size of the markedaccordingto the number of items

70. Getgeographical data from Google Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 64 Google GeoCoding web service http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=your+location&sensor=false Examples http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=friuli+venezia+giulia&sensor=false Centroid of the region (or exact location): "location": { "lat": 45.7388878, "lng": 7.4261866 } Boundingrectangle: "bounds": {"southwest": {"lat": 45.4671101, "lng": 6.8008598 }, "northeast": {"lat": 45.9878767, "lng": 7.9399057 } }

71. Calculatingplaceholderscoordinates | 1 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 65 Regionswith centroid at coordinates (long) and (lat) Number of facetvalues: Rotation: Radius (constant)

72. Calculatingplaceholderscoordinates | 2 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 66 Foreachregion Foreachfacetvalue in Set coordinates of the placeholder: Longitude Latitude

73. Lenses Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 67 Differentwaysfordisplaying the single item preview <divclass="search_collectionItem" ex:role="lens" style="display:none;"> <h3><a ex:href-content=“.url"><span ex:content=".label"></span></a></h3> <divclass=“item-content“><img ex:src-content=".imageURL" /> Civilizations and Periods: <span ex:content=".topic""></span> Location: <span ex:content=".inside.province""></span>, <span ex:content=".inside.superset.region""></span></div> <p ex:if-exists=".abstract"><span ex:content=".abstract"></span></p> </div>

74. References Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 68 http://www.simile-widgets.org/exhibit/ http://simile.mit.edu/wiki/Exhibit/For_AuthorsMandatory! Huynh, D. F., Karger, D. R. & Miller R. C. (2007). Exhibit: Lightweight structured data publishing. Proceedings of the 16th International WWW Conference, 737–746.

75. Your project Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo 69 Identify a smallcollection of itemsconnectedto the topic of your narrative E.g. tourism in yourcountry mostimportantplaces Approximately 20 itemsforeachcomponent of the group Don’t focus on the content of the single item (you can retrieveitfrom the web), but… Focus on multifacetedclassufication: chooseinterestingfacets Decide visualization At least 2 interestingviews More viewsforlargergroups UseExhibit (contact me forsupport)

76. Interested in MS Theses? Contactus! :-) Advisors: Prof. Di Blas, Prof. Paolini Boththeoretical and development Fuzzyfacets Semanticbrowsing Advancedvisualizations … Yourownideas! :-) 70 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences

77. Are youstillalive/awake? Thankyouforyourattention! Anyfinalquestions? 71 Information and Communication Quality | Multifaceted Classification and Visualization for Exploratory Experiences | L. Spagnolo