The document discusses common integration patterns for integrating Salesforce with external systems. The five main patterns discussed are:
1. Migration, which is moving data at a point in time from one system to another to allow for automated data sharing.
2. Broadcast, which is moving data from a single source to multiple destinations in near real-time.
3. Aggregation, which is taking data from multiple systems and consolidating it into a single system to avoid separate daily migrations.
4. Bi-directional synchronization, which unites datasets across multiple systems so they behave as one consistent dataset in real-time.