1) The document analyzes data from over 45,000 participants ages 10-80 from 171 countries to examine differences in self-esteem development trajectories based on gender and socioeconomic region. 2) Statistical models show that self-esteem is generally lower in females compared to males during adolescence across all regions, and regions like East Asia and the Pacific show less of a gender gap. 3) Further research is needed to understand why females in East Asia and the Pacific report higher self-esteem during adolescence compared to other regions.