Mobile programming allows developers to create custom applications for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. There are three main types of mobile apps: native apps developed using platform-specific languages like Objective-C and Swift for iOS or Java for Android, progressive web apps built with web technologies, and hybrid apps that combine web technologies with native platform elements. Popular programming languages for hybrid apps include JavaScript frameworks like React Native, Xamarin which uses C#, and tools like Cordova that allow writing once and deploying to multiple platforms.

1. CACS351 Mobile Programming
Unit-1
Introduction to mobile and mobile programming

2. Introduction to mobile device
• A mobile device is small packet sized handheld and extremely portable computing
device having display screen with touch input or miniature keyboard.
• Mobile device is a general term for any type of handheld computing device
• These devices are designed to be extremely portable and they can often fit in
your hand.
• A mobile device is device that is easy to use, enables remote access to business
network and internet and enables quick transfer of data.
• Example: laptop, smartphones, PDA, Bluetooth, Flash drives, tablet, E-
Reader etc.

3. Smart Mobile device
• Smart mobile device is device that has
• Ability to connect internet.
• Supports user input and interactions.
• Autonomous operationality.
• Offers multiple functionality.
• Light weight and small size.

4. Feature of Mobile Devices
• Wi-fi or cellular access to the internet
• Battery that powers the devices for several hours.
• A physical or on-screen keyboard for entering information.
• Small size and weight that allows it to be carried in one hand and manipulated with other hand.
• Touch screen interface in almost all cases.
• A virtual assistant like siri , cortona, or google assist.
• The ability to download data from the internet, including apps and books.
• Wireless operation.
• GPS navigations.

5. Types of mobile devices
Mobile computers:
• Notebook pc, mobile pc etc.
Handheld game console.
Media recorders.
• Digital camera, digital video camera.
Media players and displayers
• E-book readers.
Communication devices
• Mobile phones, smart phones, pager etc.

6. Model and Platform of Mobile device
• Mobile operating system also known as mobile platform or a handheld
operating system is the operating system that controls a mobile device or
information appliance.
• The most used mobile operating system are:
• Android
• iOS
• Windows phone
• BlackBerry
• Symbian
• Tizen
• Ubuntu touch
• FireFox os

7. Android
• Android is an open source Linux-derived platform backed by google
Inc. Along with major hardware and software developers
• It is largest installed base worldwide on smart phones
• Android application can be downloaded from google play store
• Currently android 11 is available.

8. iOS
• It is closed source platform built on open source Darwin core
operating system
• Earlier called iPhone OS is created and developed by Apple Inc.
• Distributed extremely for apple hardware such as iPhone, iPad, iPod
touch and second-generation apple TV.
• It is available in 34 different language worldwide.
• Hybrid type kernel based.

9. Windows Phone
• The third largest installed based on smartphones behind Android and iOS
• It is closed source and proprietary platform.
• It was developed by Microsoft for smartphones as replacement to successor
to windows phone.
• It was available in130 different languages.
• Hybrid type kernel based

10. • BlackBerry
• It is closed source and proprietary mobile operating system developed by Canadian
company BlackBerry limited for its BlackBerry lie of Smartphone handheld devices.
• It is originally designed for business.
• Its kernel use JVM
Symbian
• It is open source operating system and software platform designed for smartphones.
• The Symbian platform was created by merging and integrating software asset contributed
by Nokia, NTT, Sony Ericson and Symbian Ltd.
• It was available in multi-lingual

11. Tizen
• It is a new free and open source Linux- based operating system.
• It works on smartphones, tablet and smart television etc.
• Its kernel type is monolithic kernel.
Ubuntu Touch
• It is open source mobile version of ubuntu operating system being
developed by UBports community.
• It was designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices.

12. FireFox OS
• It is open source operating system designed by Mozilla and external
contributors.
• Made for smartphones, tablet, computer and smart TV.

13. Why Mobile programming
• 7 Billion+ mobile phone user in the world.
• A mobile phone (also called Smartphone, cellular telephone , cell phone and hand
phone) is an electronic device used to make
• Call across a wide geographic area.
• Send text sms
• Can see call records
• Can capture image
• Can run music
• Can browse web etc.
• Human interaction with mobile phone device is more than any other device.

14. Mobile Programming
• Mobile programming provides custom application development services.
• It has served its customer in different areas such as retail, entertainment, gaming,
healthcare, insurance, banking and have implementation across various platform
like windows phone, iPhone, Android, Symbian and BlackBerry etc.
• Mobile programming is a way to develop mobile application.
• Mobile application development is process of writing software for small portable
devices such as PDA, Smartphone, or tablet etc.
• Different mobile vendor companies use different platforms for developing
application for their own platform.

15. • Initially there are two way to build mobile to built mobile app- one for iOS
and one for Android.
• But today there is wide array of language, framework, SDKs and tools that
can be used to build App.
• Mobile app developers can build an app in one of the three categories.
• Native Application
• Progressive Web Application
• Hybrid Application

16. Native Application
• Native application coded in a language that is supported natively by specific device
operating system.
• Example: native iOS App and native Android App
Progressive web application
• Web applications, downloaded to a mobile web browser, differ from native ones in their
code.
• it is written using web technologies (HTML, JavaScript, and CSS) that are independent of
the operating system.
• It looks and feels like mobile app but not delivered natively on device

17. Hybrid Application
• Cross platform development
• Application are coded in one programming language that can run on multiple platforms.
• Hybrid applications, like web apps, are programmed using web technologies, but are
packaged as native ones.
• A hybrid app can be written for several mobile operating systems using a programming
language familiar to many developers.
• Hybrid programs can be distributed and installed through app stores, like native software.

18. Programming language for iOS Application
• The iOS platform was created by Apple Inc.
• If we develop an iOS app, it will work across Apple devices like iPhone,
iPads etc.
• Apps build by using iOS programming language can be made avilable on
the Apple App store for user to download.
• There are two native programming language for iOS app development
• Objective c
• Swift

19. Programming language for Android Application
• Android is an open source software development platform run by Google.
• To built an android app, we need to get the android development toolkit that has
debuggers, emulator and required SDKs
• Apps building by android programming language can be made available in Google
play store for user to download.
• The best integrated development environment for android app is a Android Studio.
• The two android programming languages are :
• Java
• Kotlin

20. Programming language for Hybrid App
• Hybrid application are developed once, but written with programming language that works for
multiple platforms.
• Most commonly, a single development will work for both iOS and Android.
• To built hybrid application , we are generally dealing with some sort of javaseript –based
language, framework or toolkit.
Xamarin and C#
• icrosoft eventually acquired the Xamarin framework, which allows app developers to program
using C# against other frameworks.
• Using an IDE for hybrid development, the C# code is cross-compiled to run natively on iOS and
Android devices.

21. JavaScript Languages
• he most popular hybrid languages use JavaScript frameworks.
• It’s kind of a general-purpose programming language for multiple use
cases.
• React Native
• Appcelerator
• Cordova/PhoneGap
• These are just a few of the top options. Google even has some niche
builders called Dart and Flutter.