this is a research paper describing the cosmetic and detergent industry in Uganda and its chain value. it entails how the beauty and cleaning sector have evolved in the country through SWOT analysis.
Session 3 - Overview of mining sector in Uganda
Elly Karuhanga, Partner, Kampala Associated Advocates and Chairman of Ugandan Chamber of Mines and Petroleum
Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Electroplating involves passing an electric current through a solution called an electrolyte. This is done by dipping two terminals called electrodes into the electrolyte and connecting them into a circuit with a battery or other power supply. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from carefully chosen elements or compounds. When the electricity flows through the circuit they make, the electrolyte splits up and some of the metal atoms it contains are deposited in a thin layer on top of one of the electrodes—it becomes electroplated. All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead.
See more
http://goo.gl/tdxhxA
http://goo.gl/MC4MqD
http://goo.gl/DI8u5s
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Application of Zinc Refining Process, Book of Non-Ferrous Metal, Book on Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals with Electroplating Chemicals, Chemical Extraction of Precious Metals, Chemicals are used for the preparation of precious metal plating, Chromium Chemistry, Chromium occurrence, principles of extraction, Chromium uses, Copper extraction and purification, Copper extraction techniques, Copper refining process, Electrolysis of Magnesium Chloride, Electrolysis Production of Magnesium, Electrolytic processes for the extraction of nickel, Electroplating Chemicals & Non Ferrous Metals, Electroplating Chemicals, Essential Guide to Investing in Precious Metals, Extracting Lead Materials from Ore, Extracting precious metals from electronics, Extraction of Copper, Extraction of Lead, Extraction of nickel from its ore, Extraction of nickel from sulphide ore, Extraction of Nonferrous Metals book, Extraction of nonferrous metals, Extraction of Platinum Group Metals, Extraction of precious metals, Extraction of zinc by electrolysis, Extraction of Zinc, Gold Extraction in India, How electroplating works, How is lead processed?, How is nickel extracted?, How lead is made - material, used, processing, product, industry, How Nickel is produced, How to remove precious metals, How to start Non-ferrous Businesses, How to start Precious Metals Businesses, How to start your own Precious Metals Business, Indian Non-Ferrous Metals Industry, Lead Essential Chemical Industry, Lead processing, Lead smelting, producing and classification, Lead uses, Magnesium electrolysis process, Magnesium Essential Chemical Industry, Magnesium Production in India, Method used to extract nickel, Nickel electroplating, Nickel processing, Nickel smelting process, Nickel uses, Nickel, non ferrous extractive metallurgy book, non ferrous metal Business Line, non ferrous metal business, non ferrous metals, Non-ferrous and Precious Metals Businesses, Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals Mining Projects, Nonferrous Metal Processing Business Unit, Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Business, Non-ferrous metals Aluminium, Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses,
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. A very rare strontium-rich member Apatite-(SrOH) also exists, with the Calcium partially replaced by Strontium. There is also a rare member of Apatite which has the phosphate radical (PO4) partially replaced by a carbonate radical (CO3). It is known as Carbonate-Apatite.
Sedimentary deposits have provided about 80- 90 percent of world production in the last ten years. Igneous deposits and metamorphic rock phosphates are also available. China, The USA, Morocco and Western Sahara produce rock phosphates from sedimentary origins while Russia, South Africa, Brazil produce igneous originated rock phosphates. Sri Lanka has an igneous rock phosphate mine located in Eppawala, In the Anuradhapura district of north central province of the country.
The Rock Phosphate Deposit covers an area of approximately 324 ha of land and Nearly 60 million Metric Tons of phosphates have been determined to exist. Lanka Phosphates Limited has the sole authority to mine phosphates in Eppawala.
Rocks are covered in red-brown earth and occasional vegetation is mined by open cast mining processes and the extracted rocks are crushed. In this stage rocks and crystals are separated. Crushed crystals produce High Graded Eppawala Rock Phosphates (HERP) and Eppawala Rock Phosphate (ERP) is produced by crushed rocks.
The solubility of Eppawala rock phosphate is low. Ground Eppawala rock phosphate is used only for perennials such as Tea, Coconut and Rubber and spice crops. It is not recommended to short term crops due to the low solubility. The requirement of soluble phosphates at the initial stages of plant growth is high. Therefore more effective phosphate fertilizers (Triple Super Phosphate [TSP] and Single Super Phosphate [SSP]) are imported to Sri Lanka in order to fulfill the requirements. Around US$ 20 million worth foreign exchange is used for the imports. Phosphate fertilizer application for agriculture in Sri Lanka is one of the lowest in Asia. Therefore Value addition to Eppawala rock phosphate will save foreign exchange. When consider about the potential industries based on Eppawala rock phosphate manufacturing of SSP and Pharmaceuticals, Biomaterials (Artificial limbs, teeth) Analytical reagents, Animal feeds, Phosphoric Acid, Detergents, Emulsifiers can be indicated.
Exploitation of rock phosphate causes severe impacts on the environment and sustainable management of rock phosphate can be recommended.
this is a research paper describing the cosmetic and detergent industry in Uganda and its chain value. it entails how the beauty and cleaning sector have evolved in the country through SWOT analysis.
Session 3 - Overview of mining sector in Uganda
Elly Karuhanga, Partner, Kampala Associated Advocates and Chairman of Ugandan Chamber of Mines and Petroleum
Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Electroplating involves passing an electric current through a solution called an electrolyte. This is done by dipping two terminals called electrodes into the electrolyte and connecting them into a circuit with a battery or other power supply. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from carefully chosen elements or compounds. When the electricity flows through the circuit they make, the electrolyte splits up and some of the metal atoms it contains are deposited in a thin layer on top of one of the electrodes—it becomes electroplated. All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead.
See more
http://goo.gl/tdxhxA
http://goo.gl/MC4MqD
http://goo.gl/DI8u5s
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Application of Zinc Refining Process, Book of Non-Ferrous Metal, Book on Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals with Electroplating Chemicals, Chemical Extraction of Precious Metals, Chemicals are used for the preparation of precious metal plating, Chromium Chemistry, Chromium occurrence, principles of extraction, Chromium uses, Copper extraction and purification, Copper extraction techniques, Copper refining process, Electrolysis of Magnesium Chloride, Electrolysis Production of Magnesium, Electrolytic processes for the extraction of nickel, Electroplating Chemicals & Non Ferrous Metals, Electroplating Chemicals, Essential Guide to Investing in Precious Metals, Extracting Lead Materials from Ore, Extracting precious metals from electronics, Extraction of Copper, Extraction of Lead, Extraction of nickel from its ore, Extraction of nickel from sulphide ore, Extraction of Nonferrous Metals book, Extraction of nonferrous metals, Extraction of Platinum Group Metals, Extraction of precious metals, Extraction of zinc by electrolysis, Extraction of Zinc, Gold Extraction in India, How electroplating works, How is lead processed?, How is nickel extracted?, How lead is made - material, used, processing, product, industry, How Nickel is produced, How to remove precious metals, How to start Non-ferrous Businesses, How to start Precious Metals Businesses, How to start your own Precious Metals Business, Indian Non-Ferrous Metals Industry, Lead Essential Chemical Industry, Lead processing, Lead smelting, producing and classification, Lead uses, Magnesium electrolysis process, Magnesium Essential Chemical Industry, Magnesium Production in India, Method used to extract nickel, Nickel electroplating, Nickel processing, Nickel smelting process, Nickel uses, Nickel, non ferrous extractive metallurgy book, non ferrous metal Business Line, non ferrous metal business, non ferrous metals, Non-ferrous and Precious Metals Businesses, Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals Mining Projects, Nonferrous Metal Processing Business Unit, Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Business, Non-ferrous metals Aluminium, Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses,
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. A very rare strontium-rich member Apatite-(SrOH) also exists, with the Calcium partially replaced by Strontium. There is also a rare member of Apatite which has the phosphate radical (PO4) partially replaced by a carbonate radical (CO3). It is known as Carbonate-Apatite.
Sedimentary deposits have provided about 80- 90 percent of world production in the last ten years. Igneous deposits and metamorphic rock phosphates are also available. China, The USA, Morocco and Western Sahara produce rock phosphates from sedimentary origins while Russia, South Africa, Brazil produce igneous originated rock phosphates. Sri Lanka has an igneous rock phosphate mine located in Eppawala, In the Anuradhapura district of north central province of the country.
The Rock Phosphate Deposit covers an area of approximately 324 ha of land and Nearly 60 million Metric Tons of phosphates have been determined to exist. Lanka Phosphates Limited has the sole authority to mine phosphates in Eppawala.
Rocks are covered in red-brown earth and occasional vegetation is mined by open cast mining processes and the extracted rocks are crushed. In this stage rocks and crystals are separated. Crushed crystals produce High Graded Eppawala Rock Phosphates (HERP) and Eppawala Rock Phosphate (ERP) is produced by crushed rocks.
The solubility of Eppawala rock phosphate is low. Ground Eppawala rock phosphate is used only for perennials such as Tea, Coconut and Rubber and spice crops. It is not recommended to short term crops due to the low solubility. The requirement of soluble phosphates at the initial stages of plant growth is high. Therefore more effective phosphate fertilizers (Triple Super Phosphate [TSP] and Single Super Phosphate [SSP]) are imported to Sri Lanka in order to fulfill the requirements. Around US$ 20 million worth foreign exchange is used for the imports. Phosphate fertilizer application for agriculture in Sri Lanka is one of the lowest in Asia. Therefore Value addition to Eppawala rock phosphate will save foreign exchange. When consider about the potential industries based on Eppawala rock phosphate manufacturing of SSP and Pharmaceuticals, Biomaterials (Artificial limbs, teeth) Analytical reagents, Animal feeds, Phosphoric Acid, Detergents, Emulsifiers can be indicated.
Exploitation of rock phosphate causes severe impacts on the environment and sustainable management of rock phosphate can be recommended.
Surface activation of Calcium bentonite clayS k Parida
Clay is a fine grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxide and organic matter found abundantly on earth’s crust. Chemically it consists essentially of hydrated silicates of aluminum.
Generally clays are used as solid acid catalysts, which can function as both Bronsted and Lewis acids in their natural and ion-exchanged form and also known as radical catalyst. Using clay catalysts, environmentally benign green chemistry can be done both at industrial and laboratory scale.The objective of this work is to study the behavior of calcium bentonite clay treated with sulfuric acid of 3N concentration under mechanical stirring and refluxing condition separately.The XRF and SEM studies indicated clearly the leaching and disintegration of the clay sheet upon thermo-chemical treatment.
XRD studies of the acid treated clay indicated the structural transformation of the clay sheet upon acid treatment and became amorphous .
As the treatment of 3N sulfuric acid chemically and thermo-chemically occur, Al2O3, TiO2 and Na2O contents in the acid treated material decreased progressively simultaneously increasing the SiO2 content.
FTIR study of the acid treated clay shows that the acid treatment did not cause much variation in the peak pattern, however thermo-acid treatment in same acid strength the peak intensity was found to decrease progressively and indicating the dehydroxylation and successive leaching of the Al ions from the octahedral layer.
Again, the BET surface area analysis of the samples indicated that method can be useful for manufacturing a surface active and high surface area material which can be used for catalyst as well as an adsorbent.
Mining Investment in Uganda
Hosted by Hon Irene Muloni, Minister of Energy and Mineral Development
Mining On Top: Africa - London Summit
24-26 June 2014 | London
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Minerals Engineering (Mining, Non – Ferrous Metals, Iron Ore Slimes, Limes, Limestone, Asbestos, Coal Beneficiation, Coal and Ore Fines, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ammonium Salts, Fertilizers)
Mineral is defined as a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. By comparison, a rock is an aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids and does not have a specific chemical composition.
See more
http://goo.gl/grSq9U
http://goo.gl/AIjkcu
http://goo.gl/H7QGBA
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Ammonium Salts, Business guidance for Mineral Production, Business guidance to clients, Business of Mining, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business Plan small scale mining project, Business start-up, Chemistry and physics of Asbestos, Chemistry of nitrogen and its inorganic compounds, Coal and Ore Fines, Coal Beneficiation, Extractive Metallurgy, Fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, Growing a mineral processing business, How to start a Mineral manufacturing business, How to Start a Mineral processing industry?, How to Start a Mineral Production Business, How to start a mining business, How to start a successful Mineral processing business, How to start mineral grinding industry in India, How to Start Mineral Processing Industry in India, Introduction to Mineral Processing, Limes manufacturing, Limestone exploration and extraction, Limestone Processing, Manufacture of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Manufacture of ordinary superphosphate, Metals and Minerals Production in India, Metals, Minerals & Mining Industry, Mineral Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Mineral industry, Mineral mining business plan, Mineral processing, Mineral Processing & mining Based Profitable Projects, Mineral processing book, Mineral processing Business, Mineral Processing Industry in India, Mineral processing metallurgy, Mineral processing plants, Mineral Processing Projects, Mineral processing Small Business, Mineral processing technology, Mineral Production, Mineral production for mining sector, Minerals and Mineral Processing, Minerals Engineering, Mining & mineral processing industry, Mining and Mineral Processing, Mining processing, Mining Sector Investment and Business, Mining, Mineral Processing & Metals Industry, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Mineral Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Mineral processing industry, Non – Ferrous Metals Production, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ore Dressing, Processing of Iron Ore Slimes, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Mineral processing, Setting up and opening your Mineral processing Business, Setting up of Mineral Processing Units, Small Business ideas in the Mining Industry
IRON ORE DEPOSITS IN EGYPT ; EGYPTIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS; Iron ore deposit of sedimentary nature; Sinai: Gabal Halal iron ore deposit; Western Desert:; Aswan iron Ore Deposits; Bahariya iron Ore Deposits; The Banded Iron ore deposits (BIFs), Geologic Setting BIFs, General Characteristics of the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores; Are the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores Unique?; Genesis of Egyptian Banded Iron Formation
Zinc is one of the strategic non-ferrous metal next only to Aluminium and Copper. It plays a very important role in country’s economy and development. It finds use in applications like galvanizing of iron and steel; die-casting alloys, brasses, dry cells, agriculture, chemicals, pharmaceuticals etc., with industrial development in India use of zinc has increased considerably, however, specific consumption is much lower as compared to other developing countries.
The most important raw material for the production of zinc is the sulphide ore from which zinc is extracted either through pyro-metallurgical route or through hydro metallurgical – Roast – Leach – Electrowin (RLE) route. At present nearly 80 - 85% of the world’s production of primary zinc is through hydrometallurgical route, the balance is through pyro – metallurgical route.
Zinc’s largest use is in corrosion protection. Galvanising is the main method of protection against corrosion of steel, i.e. the steel is coated with a layer of zinc in order to protect it from decay.
Brasses are alloys of copper and zinc, and they have good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance.
Diecastings are precision castings that can be mass-produced. Rolled zinc is used for architectural and building applications, and for dry cell batteries. Zinc oxide has its main use in tyres and rubber products. Many other zinc chemicals are used in a wide range of applications.
Developing Community Tourism Businesses as part of the Tour Operator Supply C...Wild Asia
This presentation is about incorporating sustainable practices that empower local communities into tour operator supply chains. The tour operator working directly with its foundation, is working directly with communities to empower underserved women and youth to access market-driven approaches to create sustainable businesses. There is often a resource gap between non-profit organizations and blended-social purpose businesses that are attempting to benefit the communities in which they work. Without a strong market, these non-profits or community tourism projects often fold and fail. However, when partnered with a for-profit operator, tourism businesses have one of the greatest reaches and spread to provide opportunity for marginalized communities, and allow social enterprises to scale, access knowledge transfer, and develop their first revenue generating programs.
Surface activation of Calcium bentonite clayS k Parida
Clay is a fine grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxide and organic matter found abundantly on earth’s crust. Chemically it consists essentially of hydrated silicates of aluminum.
Generally clays are used as solid acid catalysts, which can function as both Bronsted and Lewis acids in their natural and ion-exchanged form and also known as radical catalyst. Using clay catalysts, environmentally benign green chemistry can be done both at industrial and laboratory scale.The objective of this work is to study the behavior of calcium bentonite clay treated with sulfuric acid of 3N concentration under mechanical stirring and refluxing condition separately.The XRF and SEM studies indicated clearly the leaching and disintegration of the clay sheet upon thermo-chemical treatment.
XRD studies of the acid treated clay indicated the structural transformation of the clay sheet upon acid treatment and became amorphous .
As the treatment of 3N sulfuric acid chemically and thermo-chemically occur, Al2O3, TiO2 and Na2O contents in the acid treated material decreased progressively simultaneously increasing the SiO2 content.
FTIR study of the acid treated clay shows that the acid treatment did not cause much variation in the peak pattern, however thermo-acid treatment in same acid strength the peak intensity was found to decrease progressively and indicating the dehydroxylation and successive leaching of the Al ions from the octahedral layer.
Again, the BET surface area analysis of the samples indicated that method can be useful for manufacturing a surface active and high surface area material which can be used for catalyst as well as an adsorbent.
Mining Investment in Uganda
Hosted by Hon Irene Muloni, Minister of Energy and Mineral Development
Mining On Top: Africa - London Summit
24-26 June 2014 | London
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Minerals Engineering (Mining, Non – Ferrous Metals, Iron Ore Slimes, Limes, Limestone, Asbestos, Coal Beneficiation, Coal and Ore Fines, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ammonium Salts, Fertilizers)
Mineral is defined as a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. By comparison, a rock is an aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids and does not have a specific chemical composition.
See more
http://goo.gl/grSq9U
http://goo.gl/AIjkcu
http://goo.gl/H7QGBA
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Ammonium Salts, Business guidance for Mineral Production, Business guidance to clients, Business of Mining, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business Plan small scale mining project, Business start-up, Chemistry and physics of Asbestos, Chemistry of nitrogen and its inorganic compounds, Coal and Ore Fines, Coal Beneficiation, Extractive Metallurgy, Fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, Growing a mineral processing business, How to start a Mineral manufacturing business, How to Start a Mineral processing industry?, How to Start a Mineral Production Business, How to start a mining business, How to start a successful Mineral processing business, How to start mineral grinding industry in India, How to Start Mineral Processing Industry in India, Introduction to Mineral Processing, Limes manufacturing, Limestone exploration and extraction, Limestone Processing, Manufacture of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Manufacture of ordinary superphosphate, Metals and Minerals Production in India, Metals, Minerals & Mining Industry, Mineral Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Mineral industry, Mineral mining business plan, Mineral processing, Mineral Processing & mining Based Profitable Projects, Mineral processing book, Mineral processing Business, Mineral Processing Industry in India, Mineral processing metallurgy, Mineral processing plants, Mineral Processing Projects, Mineral processing Small Business, Mineral processing technology, Mineral Production, Mineral production for mining sector, Minerals and Mineral Processing, Minerals Engineering, Mining & mineral processing industry, Mining and Mineral Processing, Mining processing, Mining Sector Investment and Business, Mining, Mineral Processing & Metals Industry, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Mineral Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Mineral processing industry, Non – Ferrous Metals Production, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ore Dressing, Processing of Iron Ore Slimes, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Mineral processing, Setting up and opening your Mineral processing Business, Setting up of Mineral Processing Units, Small Business ideas in the Mining Industry
IRON ORE DEPOSITS IN EGYPT ; EGYPTIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS; Iron ore deposit of sedimentary nature; Sinai: Gabal Halal iron ore deposit; Western Desert:; Aswan iron Ore Deposits; Bahariya iron Ore Deposits; The Banded Iron ore deposits (BIFs), Geologic Setting BIFs, General Characteristics of the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores; Are the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores Unique?; Genesis of Egyptian Banded Iron Formation
Zinc is one of the strategic non-ferrous metal next only to Aluminium and Copper. It plays a very important role in country’s economy and development. It finds use in applications like galvanizing of iron and steel; die-casting alloys, brasses, dry cells, agriculture, chemicals, pharmaceuticals etc., with industrial development in India use of zinc has increased considerably, however, specific consumption is much lower as compared to other developing countries.
The most important raw material for the production of zinc is the sulphide ore from which zinc is extracted either through pyro-metallurgical route or through hydro metallurgical – Roast – Leach – Electrowin (RLE) route. At present nearly 80 - 85% of the world’s production of primary zinc is through hydrometallurgical route, the balance is through pyro – metallurgical route.
Zinc’s largest use is in corrosion protection. Galvanising is the main method of protection against corrosion of steel, i.e. the steel is coated with a layer of zinc in order to protect it from decay.
Brasses are alloys of copper and zinc, and they have good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance.
Diecastings are precision castings that can be mass-produced. Rolled zinc is used for architectural and building applications, and for dry cell batteries. Zinc oxide has its main use in tyres and rubber products. Many other zinc chemicals are used in a wide range of applications.
Developing Community Tourism Businesses as part of the Tour Operator Supply C...Wild Asia
This presentation is about incorporating sustainable practices that empower local communities into tour operator supply chains. The tour operator working directly with its foundation, is working directly with communities to empower underserved women and youth to access market-driven approaches to create sustainable businesses. There is often a resource gap between non-profit organizations and blended-social purpose businesses that are attempting to benefit the communities in which they work. Without a strong market, these non-profits or community tourism projects often fold and fail. However, when partnered with a for-profit operator, tourism businesses have one of the greatest reaches and spread to provide opportunity for marginalized communities, and allow social enterprises to scale, access knowledge transfer, and develop their first revenue generating programs.
VEGA is the world’s largest consortium of economic growth volunteer organizations with decades of experience leading international efforts to combat poverty and promote sustainable economic growth. Having worked in 140 developing and transitional countries, VEGA’s seventeen member organizations provide broad representation of the international development community along the entire spectrum of economic growth programs.
In this presentation, we will discuss about the procedure of importing goods, acquiring licenses, various types of licenses, import evidence, acquisition of foreign currency. WE will also discuss about the rules and restrictions of import and exports.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This webinar covers the fundamentals of Value Pricing so that participants can:
Understand the relationship of pricing with the other elements of the marketing mix.
Achieve the value you deserve through optimal pricing strategies that maximize profits.
Ensure that marketing is more proactive to optimize value for new products and maintaining value over different life cycles.
Cost and Pricing
Discuss the importance of pricing decisions in the short and long term
- Understand why we should always begin with cost estimation and
understand the relationship between costing and pricing decisions.
- Learn how to differentiate and calculate the different types of costs
- Identify different pricing strategies for Goods and services.
- Apply different pricing strategies with a focus on three main bases of
pricing (Costs, customized/freelancing and Value).
- Practice different strategies using examples and case studies
This is useful for educators and learners of MBA, which is made in lucid style for easier understanding and to be a handy tool before exams or while teaching.
Perspectives on three types of foods that are part of the Chinese American diaspora experience and identity. This approach probably applies to other ethnic groups, as well.
Sustainable Tourism - Lessons from around the worldAlan Lew
Defines sustainable tourism from ecosystem, geographic scales, and time horizon perspectives. Explores the diversity of ways that Sustainable Tourism is created around the world.
An overview of Web 2.0 mapping and location based services, with an emphasis on travel and tourism maps. Audio will be added at some point in the future. (Some slides were removed to make the ppt compatible with Slideshare.net)
Using Social Software For Online Classes - SlidecastAlan Lew
Examples of how I used blogs, wikis, and podcasts in an online class that I taught in Spring 2007 at Northern Arizona University. --- Note that this version of the Powerpoint presentation is slightly different from the audio file. There are a couple of slides at the start and at the end that were not in the presentation when the audio was recorded, and there is one slide at the end that I mention (very briefly) that is not in the slidecast. --- Long story....
Ethics and Sustainable Tourism - David Fennell - SlidecastAlan Lew
The ethical dilemma of tourist destinations. Plenary presentation at the Association of American Geographers Meeting, April 2007, by Prof. David Fennell, Brock University
Travel 2.0: The Emerging Web 2.0 Virtual Travelscape
Moving up the Value Chain: Best Practices & Benchmarks for Rural Tourism
1. Moving up the Value Chain:
Best Practices & Benchmarks
for Rural Tourism
Alan A. Lew, Ph.D., AICP
Dept of Geography, Planning & Recreation
Northern Arizona University, USA
AlanLew.com
Dept of Land Resource and Tourism
School of Geographic &
Oceanographic Sciences
Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
15 November 2012
3. Outline
1. Benchmarking Indicators
2. Creating Value
3. Value Chain Analysis
4. Upscaling Product Quality
Glacier Bay
National Park,
Alaska, USA
4. ISSUES
• Demands of Development
– Increasing accountability
– Reason for Benchmarking Indicators
• Increases Between Haves & Have-nots
– How to maximize benefits for have-nots
– Reason for Value & Value Chain Analsys
• Aspirations of the Poor
– Greater day because they know more
– Reason for Upscaling Product Quality
6. Benchmarking Is …
• “The means by which we attempt to locate a level of
performance in a certain area that is superior to ours, then
to change the way we do certain activities in order to
improve our performance”
– Paul Leonard, Benchmarking expert
• “The continuous, systematic
search for, and implementation
of, best practices which lead to
superior performance
– Benchmarking Centre
View from Burj Khalifa, Dubai
• “Benchmarking is simply about making comparisons with
other organisations and then learning the lessons that
those comparisons throw up”
– European Benchmarking Code of Conduct
7. Benchmarking
Improving a Product
by Measuring it Against
a Recognized Standard
• Widely used for quality control, marketing,
finance, technology innovation
• Vaguely understood in service industries
(such as Tourism)
8. Internal & External
• Internal Benchmarking : compare
self with others in same organization
– Internal audits, targets & efficiency
– Good starting experience; Most common
approach
• External Benchmarking : compare
with other organizations
– rivals (‘competitive benchmarking’)
– non-rivals (‘best-in-class’ or ‘best-practice
benchmarking’)
– aggregated sector data (‘sector
benchmarking’)
– done by strategic consultants using
confidential data
9. External Benchmarks
• Best-in-Class Benchmarking
– Best practices in an area
• e.g. marketing, human resources
– Non-competitors from different
sectors share data & results
• Sector Benchmarking
– Led by industry associations
– To educate & stimulate
competition
10.
11. Tourism Benchmarking
Indicators
1. Volume & Value of Tourism
– Visitor Number & Economic Value
2. Visitor Satisfaction
– Surveys of Customer Perceptions
3. Stakeholder Satisfaction
– Surveys of Tourism Providers & Residents
4. Organizational Performance
– Sustainability
• Energy use, Local sourcing, Recycling
– Management
• Financials: Cost and Efficiency
• Innovation: Strategic/Long term Objectives
12. Balanced Score-card Approach
Comprehensive view based on four (or more) perspectives:
– Customers: How do customer see us ?
– Internal Business: What processes must we improve ?
– Innovation & Learning: Do we continually learn,
improve, and create new value ?
– Financials: How do we appear to our investors &
employees ?
13. Net Promoter
Score (NPS)
• Rating of whether or not clients would recommend a
product or service
• Strong correlation with repeat use of products /
services and referrals
• Best indicator of overall ratings for a product or service
14.
15. 2. Creating Value
At the PATA
Ecotourism
Conference,
Balikpapan,
Kalimantan
(Borneo),
Indonesia
16. Creating Value
• Two Types of Value
1. Customer Value = meeting needs &
desires
2. Company Value = profit & success
• Value is Created by
1. Higher quality for purchase price =
Customer value
2. Lower cost for sold price = Company Rainforest
value Canopy
Walk,
• Customer Value Poring Hot
Springs,
– must be created first Sabah,
Malaysia
– Before company profit can be claimed
17. How to Change Value
1. Reduce Quality
– Reduce Price More = Customer Value
– Reduce Cost More = Company Value
2. Keep Same Quality
– Reduce Price = Customer Value Folk artist,
– Reduce Cost = Company Value Indonesia
3. Increase Quality
– Increase Price Less or Reduce Price = Customer Value
– Increase Cost Less or Reduce Cost = Company Value
4. Increase Quality + Price + Cost
– Perceived Customer Value may Increase
– Perceived Company Value may Increase
18. Quality, Price, Cost & Value
Quality
Customer Benefit
Price Value
Business Benefit
Cost
- Customer Benefit Value = User Needs & Aspirations
- Business Benefit Value = Enterprise Profits
19. 1. Reduce Quality, Reduce Price
+ Cost More
Quality
Quality
+ customer benefit
Price
Price
= business benefit
Cost
Cost
If Cost can be reduced more than Price, then business
benefit will increase.
20. 2. Keep Quality, Reduce Cost + Price
Quality Quality
+ customer benefit
Price
Price
Cost = business benefit
Cost
If Cost can be reduced more than Price, then business
benefit will increase.
21. 3a. Increase Quality, Increase Cost
+ Price Less
Quality
Quality + customer benefit
Price
Price
= business benefit
Cost
Cost
If Price can be increased more than Cost, then business
benefit will increase.
22. 3b. Increase Quality and Reduce Cost
(on a comparable new product)
Quality
Quality
+ customer benefit
Price Price
+ business benefit
Cost
Cost
This model is appropriate for a new product. Price is the
standard market price for a comparable product.
23. 4. Increase Quality, Cost + Price
(perceived benefits)
Quality
Quality
= perceived customer benefit
Price
Price
= perceived business benefit
Cost
Cost
If Price is increased more than Cost, then business
benefit will increase. If Quality is increased more than
Price, then customer benefit will increase.
24. Methods of
Creating Value
(Spend)
• Quality Increases
– Better Facilities & Materials
(Innovate)
• Investment & Maintenance
– Better Services
• Human Resource Development
– Better Innovations
• Strategic Planning & Market Analysis
• Price & Cost Decrease
– Better Efficiency in Production
• More work per worker; More product per raw material
– Better Economies of Scale
• Increased Customers through Better Marketing
25. Creating Value in Tourism
1. Loyalty Programs for repeat customers
– Lower prices = Customer Value
– Repeat customers = Business Value
2. Facilities & Service Upgrade Programs
– New Facilities & Replacements
– Staff Training/Skills Development
– Higher costs & Lower profits
– Repeat customers & Higher net promoter scores
– Higher quality product for customers who becoming
richer over time
3. Special Experiences
– Back-stage experiences; Innovative products
– Unexpected surprises – gifts, fruit, tickets
26. Rural Tourism
Product Development
• Goals
– Increase Returns from
the Same Number of Visitors
– Increasing Tourist Stay / Nights
• Special Interest Tourism
– Spend more Money & Stay Longer
– Active & Experiential Holidays (trend)
• Personal involvement & active participation
• Learning about people, cultures, traditions, foods, arts ...
• Adventure & physical challenge attractions
– More employment for guides & transport
– Requires Careful Target Marketing
32. Value Chain Analysis (VCA)
Q: How to Best Target Changes to
Maximize Desired Benefit?
A: Value Chain Analysis (VCA)
– All activities required to bring a product or
service to customers
• conception, through
production, to delivery
– Focus on Points that Add Value
• to target for development
33. VCA Identifies …
Current System
1. How money flow within the production chain
2. Relationships among various actors and exchange points
in the chain
3. Share of tourism expenditures to each segment or group
in the chain
– Usually Firm or Industry Level
• Micro-level “input-output analysis”
Future Predictions / Planning
1. Potential impacts of planned interventions
– Activities that may provide higher value
for each group
2. Potential impact of broader societal trends
34. • Example of a
value chain
analysis of
Costaleo, a
fictional coffee-
producing
country in
South America.
35. VCA Questions & Data
1. For a study location, in which distinct areas does tourism
show evidence of development ?
2. How much income does tourism generate for the local
economy in each identified area ?
3. How do tourism activities in each area impact employment
& business opportunities ?
4. How does tourism in each area bring other desirable
benefits to the local community ?
5. What specific enabling changes can
be made to enhance goals, such as:
1. Pro-poor tourism development
2. Sustainability practices
3. Other
36. VCA for Rural Populations (1)
• Relationship Issues
– Limited Relationships
• In diversity of people & institutions
• Socially, economically & geographically isolated
from the mainstream economy
– Unequal Relationships
• Less influential & more dependent
• More disadvantaged (or exploited) by private
sector
• Lacking key connections
• VCA Goal: Strengthen Linkages &
Access to better quality or more
affordable goods & services
37. VCA for Rural Populations (2)
• Human Resource Issues
– Greater needs, with fewer resources
– Less entrepreneurial & more Risk-Averse
– Much shorter time horizons
– Limited resources to make informed choices
– Possibly: Lower self-esteem & culture of
dependency
• VCA Goals: Identify Incentives & Investments to
Change Behavior
– Increase effectiveness of actors
– Create new value chain relationships
– Increase capacity to empower change
38. Examples of Targeted Tourism Issues for
Rural Communities
• Overcoming Enclave Tourism
– Hotels, coaches & other vehicles, tourist sites/attractions
– Less accessible to rural local community
• Overcoming Remoteness
– Opening roads & improving transport to Transport Hubs
& Tourist Markets
• Intra-regional tourism
– Marketing to Appropriate Upscale Market Segments
• Predisposed to nature, culture and daily life of rural
communities
• International Visitors – tend to spend more – some
more than others
– Using the Longtail of Internet Marketing
• Free Social Media Outlets
39. VCA – As A Capacity Building Tool
If Open & Participatory
– Interviews, Focus Groups, Stakeholder
Engagement
= Effective Tool for
– Capacity strengthening
– Build a common
understanding of a
destination’s economic
gaps
– Promoting stakeholder
dialogue
43. VCA + Complementary
Approaches
• VCA + Sustainable Livelihoods
Approach
– SLA describes target populations: Who
they are, How they participate in value
chains & What factors constrain or enable
their engagement in upgrading
opportunities
• VCA + Food Security Programming
– FSP increases availability of food & ability
of poor to access it
• VCA + Social Protection Approaches
– SPA identifies & provides skills training,
key assets, and legal & social barriers to
build long-term capacity for VCA
participation
44. Outline & Lesson So Far…
1. Benchmarking Indicators
• Comparison to Others: Efficiency
• Net Promoter Score
2. Creating Value – to get better benchmark scores
• Quality Increase
• Price (& Cost) Decrease
3. Value Chain Analysis – to target investments
• Where to invest to get maximum local benefits
• Human resources & Innovative products
…
4. Upscaling Product Quality
• Case Study: Upscaled Ecotourism
45. Upscaling Tourism
Through Ecotourism
• Survey of North American
Ecotourism Companies
– with Ecotours to the Asia-
Pacific (excluding SW Asia)
• Absolute / Pure Ecotourism
46. Country # Tour % of all Tour
or Region Companies Companies
Where North
• Indonesia 16 40.0
• India 13 32.5 American
• Australia 12 30.0 Ecotours to
• Nepal 12 30.0
• Bhutan 10 25.0 Asia Went
• New Zealand 8 20.0 (mid-1990s)
• Tibet 8 20.0
• China 7 17.5
• Thailand 7 17.5
• Burma 5 12.5
• Cambodia 5 12.5
• Laos 5 12.5
• Pakistan 5 12.5
• Malaysia 4 10.0
• Papua New Guinea 4 10.0
• Russian Far East 4 10.0
• Vietnam 4 10.0
• Central Asia 3 7.5
• Japan 3 7.5
• Mongolia 3 7.5
• Sikkim 3 7.5
• Philippines 2 5.0
50. Ecotourism Management Policies
1.Use guides native to visited area * 31 77.5%
2.Have an education program for local guides 26 65.0%
3.Provide a pre-arrival information packet 24 60.0%
4.Providing a % of tour profits to local groups 19 47.5%
5.Participate in local cleanup programs 17 42.5%
6.Pack-it-out requirements 15 37.5%
7.Other activities to support sustainable dev.** 16 40.0%
N = 40 respondents
* 67% use local guides exclusively
** see next slide
52. Other Activities to Support Sustainable
Development (40%)
Donations: Generous donations to local charities; Funds for
conservation & research (2); Land purchases for conservation;
Sponsor Village Folk Theatre; Support clinic, school and
religious organizations; Support local environmental groups
Education: Environmental education kits; Quality environmental
education; Scholarships; Post-trip mailings; Teach adult
education class in ecotourism; Up to 70 pages long pre-arrival
packets; Support village
libraries; Environmental reading library
Services: Provide medical services; Lobby
government to protect rainforest; Support
orphanages; Peer exchanges; Tree planting (2)
Economic Development: Use of all reusable
materials; Support ecovillages; Encourage Near Tonle Sap
eco-purchases; Support local handicrafts; Invest Lake, Cambodia
in eco-lodges; Support indigenous tourism projects
53. Added Value / Cost of
Ecotours
Extra Cost of Conducting
Eco-sensitive Tours
High: 40.0 % of Tour Price
Mean: 11.1
Low: 0.0
Willingness of Participants to Donate Money to
Local Environmental & Social Causes
Very willing 38.9 %
Somewhat willing 55.6
Not Interested or willing 5.6
54. Managing Tourist Behaviour
- We strictly enforce proper behaviour on our tours 42.9%
- We explain proper behaviour, but leave it up to the individual 33.3
- We only explain proper behaviour in the most sensitive place 11.9
- We seldom ever direct tourists in how to behave 11.9
Comments:
– Our travellers typically already know how to behave
– We talk to individuals privately if there is a problem
with their behaviour
– Our policies vary based upon the destination
– Our operators are responsible for establishing proper behaviour
– We don't accept participants who will not behave
– Policies vary depending on the place
• N = 42 respondents
In Nepal’s Khumbu Region
55. Tour Group Size
Smallest Average Largest
Group Group Group
• Mean 4.5 11.4 24.7
• Median 2 8 15
• Range 1 - 22 3 - 60 4 - 125
• Do you intentionally limit tour group sizes?
• Yes 34 (81%) No 8 (19%)
• If yes, what is your size limit?
– Mean: 14.9
Mt.
– Median: 14.5 Kinabalu,
– Range: 6 - 40 Sabah,
Malaysia
56. Reasons Limiting Tour
Group Size – p.1
1. IMPACTS: (19)
1. To reduce/lessen impact / damage (7)
2. To minimize cultural concerns/impacts (4)
3. To minimize environmental impacts (4)
4. To ensure privacy
5. To ensure sustainable impact
6. Lower impact from camping
7. Impacts are greater with over 16 persons
Hiking Mt. Kinabalu,
Sabah, Malaysia
2. EXPERIENCE: (14)
1. To ensure a quality and genuine experience (5)
2. Provide more personal contact/attention (3)
3. Increased opportunity to interact with locals / cross-cultural
experience (2)
4. Better group rapport / dynamics (2)
5. To give more in-depth insight & equal service to each client
6. To enhance enjoyment of the environment and activities
57. Reasons Limiting Tour Group Size – p.2
3. CAPACITY: (8)
1. Due to the carrying capacity of the product (2)
2. Based on capacity of lodges (2)
3. Safety and the ability to airlift out of National Parks and mountains
by helicopter if the weather turns bad
4. Our maximum size depends on the itinerary
5. Depends on destination, group size may be as little as two persons
6. Allows use of smaller vehicles to get to more remote places
4. SERVICE: (8)
1. Ease of handling/controlling smaller groups (2)
2. Guides are unable to have personal contact and control the situation
with more than 17 persons
3. More than eight is a mob
4. Some private groups may exceed our maximum
5. Logistics of moving too large a group in the destination region
6. Manageable, yet profitable, size
7. We break our larger groups into smaller groups of four to five
persons each for daily activities
58. The North American
Ecotourism Market
• Specialty Tourism / Niche Market
– Good for the Environment,
• But may not meet full economic
needs of an entire community
– Fairly Wide Variety of Types & Activities
– Willing to Pay More for Higher Quality
• Ecotour Quality
– Low Impact, Responsible Travel
• Social & Environmental Contributions
– Authentic & Insightful Place Experiences
• Real Interactions with Locals (not staged?); Educational
– Well Managed with Personal Service
• Small groups sizes, appropriate to destination
59. Options for Upscaling
Ecotourism Destinations
1. Improving Quality
•Smaller groups, personal attention; Improved facilities and
human resources to meet market expectations
2. Reducing Price
•Collaboration with complementary services; Awareness of
competition’s quality & price
3. Becoming More Efficient
•Efficient managements & delivery of conservation &
authenticity products; Human resource development; Aware
of new technologies & skills; Efficient marketing
4. Being Innovative
•Creating unique selling propositions (activities, attractions)
for a place; Surprise experiences; Awareness of global
competition
5. Improving Linkages / Relationships
•Through online longtail marketing & collaborations
60. Outline &
Conclusions
1. Benchmarking Indicators
• Comparison to Others:
-- Efficiency Near Yangshuo (Guilin), China
• Net Promoter Score
2. Creating Value – to get better benchmark scores
• Quality Increase
• Price (& Cost) Decrease
3. Value Chain Analysis – to target investments
• Where to invest to get maximum local benefits
• Human resources & Innovative products
4. Upscaling Product Quality
• Case Study: Upscaled Ecotourism