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- 1. 9th Midterm Exam Review Guide: The midterm breaks down as follows: Part I: Grammar (20 multiple choice questions, 1 point each)- Commas/Colons/Semicolons Part II: Literary Terms and Skills (10 multiple choice questions, 1 point each) Part III: Poetry (15 multiple choice questions, 1 point each-similar to Poetry Quiz) Part IV: Close Reading-Tuesdays with Morrie (10 multiple choice questions, 1 point each) Part V: Short Story Elements and Poetry-Short Answer Part VI: Persuasive Essay-Romeo and Juliet (1 question, 30 points total) Part One: Grammar and Usage Comma Rules: L (list) Commas are used between items in a series, including coordinate adjectives modifying the same noun. I (introductory elements) Commas follow such introductory elements as adverb clauses, long phrases, mild interjections, or transitional expressions: (adverb clause) Because his work was poor, he took the course again. (long phrase) Exhausted from the race, the runner collapsed. (interjection) Yes, life is hard. (trans. exp.) Furthermore, we must strive to overcome the obstacles. E (extra information) Commas are used to set off interrupters/extra information such as nonrestrictive words, clauses, and phrases. Restrictive words, clauses, and phrases are not set off. (restrictive) The boy who came to class early was an excellent student. (nonrestrictive) Tom, who came to class early, was an excellent student. S (sentences with coordinating conjunction) Commas are used between main clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS): sentence, conjunction sentence.
- 2. Semi-Colon Rules: …is placed between the main clauses of a compound sentence if no conjunction is used Jim is ready; Mike is not. …is used between main clauses joined by conjunctive adverbs or by phrases like for example, in fact, for instance Mary is small; nevertheless, she is strong. …is used between main clauses joined by a conjunction if the clause before the conjunction contains commas We ate hot dogs, hamburgers, and salad; but we were still hungry. …is used between a series of phrases if they contain commas. We visited London, England; Paris, France; and Rome, Italy. Colon Rules: …is used to introduce a list of items, but never follows a verb. We toured the following states: Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. …is used to introduce a formal quotation. He began by saying: “We are gathered here to make a hard decision.” …is used between two sentences when the second explains the first. The players were elated: they had won the homecoming game. ***Do not capitalize the second sentence unless more than one sentence follows. Part Two: Terms Metaphor Simile
- 3. Personification Irony Setting Allusion Paradox 1st and 3rd Point of View Rhyme Scheme Stanza Shift Iambic Pentameter Symbolism Theme Tone Mood Imagery 1. Plot Exposition = the opening of a story, when characters, settings, and conflicts are introduced Rising Action = the part of the plot when suspense builds and conflicts intensify Climax = the “height” of the action; the “turning point” of the story Falling Action = the part of the story after the climax when the action calms and conflicts start to become resolved Denouement/Resolution = “denouement” = “untying” or “unraveling;” the end of the story (may or may not have resolution) 2. Character Protagonist = the central character in a story Antagonist = a character or force that opposes the protagonist in a story Foils = characters who contrast each other in some major way; set up to emphasize a particular trait Static/flat characters = characters who do not change over the course of a story Dynamic/round characters = characters who change, grow, or develop over the course of a story Archetypes = universal character types that occur throughout literature) Direct characterization = the writer makes clear and direct statement about a character’s personality Indirect characterization = the writer reveals information about a character through thoughts, actions, other characters’ opinions, etc. (we must infer what the character is like) External conflict = a struggle between a character and an outside force (man vs. man, nature, society, the supernatural, and technology) Internal conflict = a struggle that takes place within a character’s mind (man vs. himself) 3. Language Motif = a recurring word, phrase, image, action, theme, etc. in a work of literature Diction = word choice Syntax = the pattern of how an author arranges words into phrases and broader structures Denotation = the dictionary definition of a word Connotation = the idea or feeling associated with a word, beyond its literal definition 4. SOAPSTone
- 4. Who is the Speaker? The voice that tells the story. Why is this voice important? What are their experiences. What is the Occasion? The time and the place of the piece; the context that prompted the writing. Why did someone feel they needed to tell this story? Who is the Audience? The group of readers to whom this piece is directed. What is the Purpose? The reason behind the text-inform/entertain/persuade/evaluate What is the Subject? Should be able to state the subject in a few words or phrases. What is the Tone? The attitude of the author. Look for one word responses here. 5. DIDLS Details-important information that is included as well as important information that is left out Imagery-The images and descriptions that are created Diction-Word Choice Language-How all of the words and sentences work together to help to create meaning Syntax-The way the words are arranged in the sentences 6.Rhetorical Triangle Ethos-Credibility of author Pathos-Appealing to the audience through emotion Logos-The actual message being presented through logic/reason/personal stories/etc. Part Three: Poetry-Review your poetry quiz and poetry terms above Part Four:Close Reading-Tuesdays With Morrie-Have a general understanding of the story-Review your Quizzes Part Five:Review Terms above Part Six: Persuasive Writing Format Outline-We will discuss this in more depth before the midterm Intro: *Hook: 1 Sentence *Narrow Down/ Introduce Topic-2 sentences
- 5. *Specific Thesis including three main points-1sentence Body Paragraphs(3): Body Paragraph One: #1 (Topic Sentence- Mention first topic that appeared in your thesis) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ #2 ( Concrete Detail/Example Number One in support of your opinion-One Quote Example from text) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ # 3(Analysis about Example-One Sentence ) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ #4(Concrete Detail/Example Number Two in support of your opinion-One Quote from text) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ #5 ( Analysis about Example-One Sentence) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ # 6(The Turn Against/Counter-Argument-One Sentence-Don’t forget a transition)
- 6. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ #7(The Turn Back-One last additional thought to prove your opinion-One Sentence-does not need to be a quote) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ #8 (Closing Sentence/Tie back to the overall point/topic-One Sentence) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Body Paragraph Two: #1 (Topic Sentence- Mention second topic that appeared in your thesis) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ #2 ( Concrete Detail/Example Number One in support of your opinion-One Quote Example from text) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ # 3(Analysis about Example-One Sentence ) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ #4(Concrete Detail/Example Number Two in support of your opinion-One Quote from text) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 7. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ #5 ( Analysis about Example-One Sentence) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ # 6(The Turn Against/Counter-Argument-One Sentence-Don’t forget a transition) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ #7(The Turn Back-One last additional thought to prove your opinion-One Sentence-does not need to be a quote) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ #8 (Closing Sentence/Tie back to the overall point/topic-One Sentence) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Body Paragraph Three: #1 (Topic Sentence- Mention third topic that appeared in your thesis) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ #2 ( Concrete Detail/Example Number One in support of your opinion-One Quote Example from text) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ # 3(Analysis about Example-One Sentence ) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 8. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ #4(Concrete Detail/Example Number Two in support of your opinion-One Quote from text) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ #5 ( Analysis about Example-One Sentence) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ # 6(The Turn Against/Counter-Argument-One Sentence-Don’t forget a transition) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ #7(The Turn Back-One last additional thought to prove your opinion-One Sentence-does not need to be a quote) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ #8 (Closing Sentence/Tie back to the overall point/topic-One Sentence) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Conclusion Paragraph: *Re-state Thesis-One Sentence *Summarize points-One Sentence *End with closing thought-One
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