2. Newton’s First Law
Newton’s First Law of Motion
An object at rest will remain at
rest and an object in motion
will continue moving at a
constant velocity unless acted
upon by a net force.
motion
constant velocity
net force
3. A. Motion
Problem:
Is your desk moving?
We need a reference point...
nonmoving point from which
motion is measured
5. A. Motion
Problem:
You are a passenger in a car
stopped at a stop sign. Out of the
corner of your eye, you notice a
tree on the side of the road begin
to move forward.
You have mistakenly set yourself
as the reference point.
6. B. Speed & Velocity
Speed
rate of motion
distance traveled per unit time
time
distance
speed
v
d
t
7. B. Speed & Velocity
Instantaneous Speed
speed at a given instant
Average Speed
time
total
distance
total
speed
avg.
8. B. Speed & Velocity
Problem:
A storm is 10 km away and is
moving at a speed of 60 km/h.
Should you be worried?
It depends
on the
storm’s
direction!
9. B. Speed & Velocity
Velocity
speed in a given direction
can change even when the
speed is constant!
10. C. Acceleration
Acceleration
the rate of change of velocity
change in speed or direction
t
v
v
a
i
f
a: acceleration
vf: final velocity
vi: initial velocity
t: time
a
vf - vi
t
12. Vectors and Scalars
Physics deals with many physical quantities, which are divided
into scalars and vectors.
A scalar quantity is one that can be described by a single
number (including any units) giving its size or magnitude.
Examples: Distance, Time, volume, mass, temperature, and
density.
A quantity that deals with both magnitude and direction is
called a vector quantity.
Examples: Displacement, Force, weight, and velocity.
13. Distance and Displacement
Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns
around and walks 40-m west.
Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m
Q: What is the displacement? A: 50-m, due east.
14. Scalars and Vectors
Scalar Vector
Distance (m) Displacement (m)
Speed (m/s) Velocity (m/s)
Mass (kg) Weight (N)
15. D. Calculations
Your neighbor skates at a speed of 4 m/s.
You can skate 100 m in 20 s. Who skates
faster?
GIVEN:
d = 100 m
t = 20 s
v = ?
WORK:
v = d ÷ t
v = (100 m) ÷ (20 s)
v = 5 m/s
You skate faster!
v
d
t
16. D. Calculations
A roller coaster starts down a hill at 10 m/s.
Three seconds later, its speed is 32 m/s.
What is the roller coaster’s acceleration?
GIVEN:
vi = 10 m/s
t = 3 s
vf = 32 m/s
a = ?
WORK:
a = (vf - vi) ÷ t
a = (32m/s - 10m/s) ÷ (3s)
a = 22 m/s ÷ 3 s
a = 7.3 m/s2
a
vf - vi
t
17. D. Calculations
Sound travels 330 m/s. If a lightning bolt
strikes the ground 1 km away from you,
how long will it take for you to hear it?
GIVEN:
v = 330 m/s
d = 1km = 1000m
t = ?
WORK:
t = d ÷ v
t = (1000 m) ÷ (330 m/s)
t = 3.03 s
v
d
t
18. D. Calculations
How long will it take a car traveling 30 m/s
to come to a stop if its acceleration is
-3 m/s2?
GIVEN:
t = ?
vi = 30 m/s
vf = 0 m/s
a = -3 m/s2
WORK:
t = (vf - vi) ÷ a
t = (0m/s-30m/s)÷(-3m/s2)
t = -30 m/s ÷ -3m/s2
t = 10 s
a
vf - vi
t
19. E. Graphing Motion
slope =
steeper slope =
straight line =
flat line =
Distance-Time Graph
A
B
faster speed
constant speed
no motion
speed
20. E. Graphing Motion
Who started out faster?
A (steeper slope)
Who had a constant speed?
A
Describe B from 10-20 min.
B stopped moving
Find their average speeds.
A = (2400m) ÷ (30min)
A = 80 m/min
B = (1200m) ÷ (30min)
B = 40 m/min
Distance-Time Graph
A
B
21. 0
100
200
300
400
0 5 10 15 20
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Distance-Time Graph
E. Graphing Motion
Acceleration is
indicated by a
curve on a
Distance-Time
graph.
Changing slope =
changing velocity
22. E. Graphing Motion
0
1
2
3
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)
Speed
(m/s)
Speed-Time Graph
slope =
straight line =
flat line =
acceleration
+ve = speeds up
-ve = slows down
constant accel.
no accel.
(constant velocity)
23. E. Graphing Motion
0
1
2
3
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)
Speed
(m/s)
Speed-Time Graph
Specify the time period
when the object was...
slowing down
5 to 10 seconds
speeding up
0 to 3 seconds
moving at a constant
speed
3 to 5 seconds
not moving
0 & 10 seconds
