Mosses Ferns Lycopods revised.ppt
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This document discusses non-vascular and vascular plants. Non-vascular plants like mosses, liverworts and hornworts lack true roots, stems and leaves and have a dominant gametophyte stage that relies on the sporophyte stage. They reproduce via spores dispersed through swimming sperm. Vascular plants evolved to have xylem and phloem tissues, allowing taller growth with branches and leaves. They have a dominant sporophyte stage and independent gametophyte. Seedless vascular plants like ferns, club mosses and spike mosses also reproduce via spores but their gametophyte is small and independent. Heterosporous plants produce two types of spores - megaspores and
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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- 1. Mosses, Ferns and Lycopods BIOL 1407
- 3. Non-Vascular Plants • Characteristics – No vascular tissue – Small – Moist habitats – No true roots, stems or leaves • Photo Credit: Manfred Morgner, 2002, Wikimedia Commons
- 4. Non-Vascular Plants • Gametophyte dominant • Sporophyte dependent
- 5. Non-Vascular Plants • Spores for dispersal
- 6. Non-Vascular Plants • Swimming sperm • Photo Credit for Moss Antheridial slide: Dr. Steve Bostic, 2008
- 7. Modern Non-Vascular Plants • “Bryophytes” – Mosses – Liverworts – Hornworts • Photo Credit for mosses & liverworts: ACC Field Biology Student, Enchanted Rock
- 8. Mosses
- 9. Moss Gametophytes & Sporophytes • Photo Credit: ACC Field Biology Student, Austin Nature Center
- 11. Evolution of Vascular Plants • Vascular Tissue – Support taller – Branches more sporangia and spores – Transportation • Water • Minerals • Sugars
- 12. Vascular Plant Characteristics • Vascular Tissue Present – Xylem – Phloem • True roots, stems and leaves
- 13. Vascular Plants Photo Credit for Leaves: Doyle Cross, El Yunque, Puerto Rico, 2007
- 14. Seedless Vascular Plants • Sporophyte dominant • Gametophyte independent and small
- 15. Seedless Vascular Plants • Spores for dispersal • Photo Credit for Fern Sporophyte: Doyle Cross, 2007, El Yunque, Puerto Rico
- 16. Seedless Vascular Plants • Swimming sperm • Photo Credit for Fern Sperm SEM: Dr. Karen Renzaglia, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
- 17. Modern Seedless Vascular Plants • Lycophytes – Spike moss (Selaginella) – Club mosses (Lycopodium)
- 18. Modern Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns and Fern Allies – Ferns – Horsetails • Photo Credits: Doyle Cross, 2007, El Yunque, Puerto Rico (ferns); ACC student, Austin Nature Center field trip, 2006 (horsetails)
- 20. Fern Sporophytes and Gametophyte • Photo Credit for Sporophytes: ACC Field Biology Student, Austin Nature Center, 2006 • Photo Credit for Gametophyte: Betsy Maxim, 2008
- 21. Strobili • Located near top of stem • Spore- bearing leaves • Sporophylls Spores • Photo Credits: Doyle Cross, El Yunque, Puerto Rico, 2007
- 22. Homospory • Homosporous plants – One spore size – Bisexual gametophytes • Photo Credits: Dr. Steve Bostic, 2008
- 23. Heterospory • Heterosporous plants • Two types of spores – Megaspores – Microspores • Photo Credits: Doyle Cross, El Yunque, Puerto Rico, 2007
- 24. Megaspores • Grow into female gametophytes • Photo Credit: Dr. David Byres, Florida Community College at Jacksonville
- 25. Microspores • Grow into male gametophytes • Photo Credit: Dr. David Byres, Florida Community College at Jacksonville
- 27. The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.