3. High vulnerability to climate change
Sub-SaharanAfrica
Need for livelihood diversification
Pastoralists & Agriculturalists
Climate-smart agriculture
(FAO, 2015)
Relevant, timely climate information
6. Timeline of
GFCS
Activities in
Tanzania
May 2014:
National workshop
September-October
2014:
Baseline study
February 2015:
Extensionists
trained
March-June 2015:
Farmers &
pastoralists trained
June-July 2015:
Extensionists
interviewed
August 2015:
Initial findings reported
Late 2015 & Early 2016:
More trainings
7. Case:Longido,Tanzania Semi-arid district in Maasai Steppe
Rain patterns altered by CC
Huge cattle loss
Over 15 million tons of food aid
Rains define seasons
Droughts 2009-2010
(Makangale, 2014)
9. Participatory
Integrated
Climate
Services for
Agriculture
(PICSA)
Providing and
considering climate and
weather information with
farmers – including
historical records &
forecasts.
The joint analysis of
information on crop,
livelihood, and livestock
options and their risks by
field staff & farmers.
A set of participatory
tools to enable farmers to
use this information in
planning and decision
making for their
individual circumstances.
Want more
info on
PICSA?Visit:
ccafs.cgiar.org
/blog
13. InterviewThemes
(CGIAR, 2014)
Utilization of PICSA
Duration of PICSA trainings
TMA & climate info delivery
Challenges facilitating PICSA
Language used
Integration of indigenous knowledge
14. Key Findings
Utilization of PICSA
techniques
• Two tools–the Participatory Budget (PB) & Resource
Allocation Maps (RAM)—presented challenges.
• 10% of extensionists did not understand the PB at all.
• 21% reported lack of transparency amongst farmers &
pastoralists when creating RAMs.
Language used to
train agents
• 52% of extension workers recommended that
subsequent trainings be facilitated completely in
KiSwahili, the official language ofTZ.
• 42% of agents suggested a mix of English & KiSwahili
for subsequent trainings.
• 6% of agents had no comment.
15. Key Findings
Duration of PICSA
trainings
• 84% of extension agents advised that 6 days
were too short.
• 16% had no comment.
Integration of
indigenous climate
knowledge
• In Longido, many inhabitants employ traditional
methods of assessing.
• Agents reported farmer & pastoralist groups did not
acknowledge scientific, climate knowledge as
accurate.
16. Key Findings
TMA & climate
information
delivery
• All but one agent advisedTMA’s info inaccurate.
• 89% of agents reported that climate info fromTMA
was late.
• Extension workers based closest to Kenyan border
never received climate forecasts.
Challenges in
facilitating PICSA
• Agents reported high attrition at farmer/pastoralist
trainings.
• Lack of incentives for participants contributing factor.
• Extensionists advised that distinct gender barriers
inhibit participation in groups.
17. Suggestions
Utilization of PICSA:
1. Formative & Summative
Assessments
2. Incorporate facilitation techniques
to encourage transparency.
Language:
1. Incorporate real-time translations.
Duration of PICSA training:
1. Increase beyond one week.
2. Incorporate more field visits.
3. Provide follow-up trainings.
18. Suggestions
Integration of indigenous knowledge
(IK)
1. Perform assessment/analysis IK.
2. Include local elders in trainings.
3. Acknowledge & incorporate IK.
TMA &climate info delivery
1. Utilize SMS.
2. Produce down-scaled forecasts.
3. Increase timing ofTMA portion of
trainings.
Challenges in facilitating PICSA
1. Incorporate gender modules.
2. Partner withWFP to incentivize
attendance.
