Analisi del ritiro del ghiacciaio della Marmolada tramite classificazione di ortofoto, con infine sovrapposizione di vettoriali per verificare la bontà dell'analisi.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
According to the latest State of the American Manager report from Gallup, employees who have regular meetings with their managers are almost three times as likely to be engaged as those who don’t. These regular check-ins keep managers and employees in sync and aligned. Want to see better manager/employee relationships in your organisation? Then make an all-in commitment to 1:1 meetings. Not sure how? You’ve come to the right place.
In this webinar with Jamie Resker, Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS), and Teala Wilson, Talent Management Consultant at Saba Software, you’ll get the inside track on how to hold effective 1:1 meetings, including tips for getting managers on board.
• Go beyond discussing the status of everyday work to higher level topics, including recognition, performance, development, and career aspirations
• Learn how to decide meeting frequency, what to cover, as well as roles and responsibilities of the manager and employee
• Understand how managers can build trust and make it comfortable for employees to provide upward feedback
• Unite your organisation with a unified approach to 1:1 meetings
Join us for this 1-hour webinar to get practical tips for building better manager-employee relationships with intention and purpose.
About the Speakers
Jamie Resker - Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS)
Jamie Resker, Practice Leader and Founder of Employee Performance Solutions, is a recognized innovator in performance management. She is the originator of the-the Performance Continuum Feedback Method® and Conversations to Optimize Employee Performance training program; tools and training that reshape communications between managers and employees to drive and align performance. Jamie is on the faculty for the Northeast Human Resources Association, is a contributor to Halogen Software's Talent Space Blog, and is an editorial advisory board member for HR Examiner.
Teala Wilson - Senior Consultant, Strategic Services, Saba Software
Teala is a Talent Management Consultant at Halogen Software, now a part of Saba Software. She has worked with teams on a national and global level supporting human resources in areas such as performance management, recruitment, employee benefit programs, training and talent development, workforce planning and internal communications. Teala also has a personal passion for visual arts and design.
Want to learn more? Join us for an upcoming Product Tour!
http://bit.ly/2yitfqu
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
According to the latest State of the American Manager report from Gallup, employees who have regular meetings with their managers are almost three times as likely to be engaged as those who don’t. These regular check-ins keep managers and employees in sync and aligned. Want to see better manager/employee relationships in your organisation? Then make an all-in commitment to 1:1 meetings. Not sure how? You’ve come to the right place.
In this webinar with Jamie Resker, Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS), and Teala Wilson, Talent Management Consultant at Saba Software, you’ll get the inside track on how to hold effective 1:1 meetings, including tips for getting managers on board.
• Go beyond discussing the status of everyday work to higher level topics, including recognition, performance, development, and career aspirations
• Learn how to decide meeting frequency, what to cover, as well as roles and responsibilities of the manager and employee
• Understand how managers can build trust and make it comfortable for employees to provide upward feedback
• Unite your organisation with a unified approach to 1:1 meetings
Join us for this 1-hour webinar to get practical tips for building better manager-employee relationships with intention and purpose.
About the Speakers
Jamie Resker - Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS)
Jamie Resker, Practice Leader and Founder of Employee Performance Solutions, is a recognized innovator in performance management. She is the originator of the-the Performance Continuum Feedback Method® and Conversations to Optimize Employee Performance training program; tools and training that reshape communications between managers and employees to drive and align performance. Jamie is on the faculty for the Northeast Human Resources Association, is a contributor to Halogen Software's Talent Space Blog, and is an editorial advisory board member for HR Examiner.
Teala Wilson - Senior Consultant, Strategic Services, Saba Software
Teala is a Talent Management Consultant at Halogen Software, now a part of Saba Software. She has worked with teams on a national and global level supporting human resources in areas such as performance management, recruitment, employee benefit programs, training and talent development, workforce planning and internal communications. Teala also has a personal passion for visual arts and design.
Want to learn more? Join us for an upcoming Product Tour!
http://bit.ly/2yitfqu
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Monitoraggio del corpo glaciale della Marmolada tramite classificazione di ortofoto con Grass 7.0
1. MONITORAGGIO DEL CORPO GLACIALE DELLA
MARMOLADA TRAMITE CLASSIFICAZIONE DI
ORTOFOTO
CON GRASS 7.0.0
Accordini Nicola
Bonanno Giuseppe
Fianelli Francesco
Anno Accademico 2015-2016
INDICE
2. INDICE............................................................................................................................ 2
1.0 - INTRODUZIONE.......................................................................................................3
1.1 DEFINIZIONE GHIACCIAIO......................................................................................3
1.2 METAMORFISMO DELLA NEVE................................................................................3
1.3 BILANCIO DI MASSA...............................................................................................4
1.4 I GHIACCIAI DELLA MARMOLADA..........................................................................5
2.0 STUDIO DELLE ORTOFOTO........................................................................................6
2.1 ORTOFOTO 2006...................................................................................................6
2.1.1 CLASSIFICAZIONE NON CONTESTUALE............................................................7
2.1.2 CLASSIFICAZIONE CONTESTUALE....................................................................9
2.2 ORTOFOTO 1973.................................................................................................17
2.3 ORTOFOTO 2000.................................................................................................19
2.4 SOVRAPPOSIZIONE VETTORIALI...........................................................................25
3.0 CONCLUSIONI.........................................................................................................26
4.0 FONTI......................................................................................................................28
4.1 BIBLIOGRAFIA......................................................................................................28
4.2 SITOGRAFIA.........................................................................................................28
1.0 - INTRODUZIONE
1.1 DEFINIZIONE GHIACCIAIO
2
3. Secondo il GLIMS (Global Land Ice Measurements from Space) un ghiacciaio è
costituito dal ghiaccio che si può osservare alla fine della melt season o, in caso di
ghiacciai tropicali, dopo che la neve superficiale si sia sciolta.
Esistono vari tipi di ghiacciai che si dividono in due grandi categorie:
Ghiacciai di Montagna
Ghiacciai Continentali
Il ghiacciaio della Marmolada, che si colloca nella prima categoria, si può ulteriormente
descrivere come Ghiacciaio Montano: corpo glaciale che fluisce lungo una valle
rocciosa con versanti ripidi e netti.
Figura 1 - Ghiacciaio della Marmolada Principale (941) nel gruppo della Marmolada; a destra in alto la
calotta di Punta Penia (941.2), a destra in basso Marmolada Centrale (941.1) e all’estrema destra
Marmolada Ovest (942) (foto F. Bugnara, 2007)
1.2 METAMORFISMO DELLA NEVE
Indipendentemente dalla famiglia di appartenenza ogni ghiacciaio ha un proprio
bacino alimentatore, dove si accumula la neve, e una zona di ablazione dove il
ghiaccio fonde.
Come descritto da Barry and Yew Gan (2011) nei bacini di accumulo inizia il processo
metamorfico della neve che la porta da una densità di 60
Kg
m
3 a densità di 910
Kg
m
3 . Termodinamicamente parlando la neve è un materiale altamente instabile, per
cui una volta depositatasi a terra, inizia subito a cambiare struttura cristallina e con
essa cambiano anche le sue proprietà. Sotto il loro stesso peso i cristalli di neve si
compattano, diminuendo la porosità del 40% e formando il firn : un particolare stadio
metamorfico della neve che presenta una forma granulare e una densità che varia tra i
3
4. 400 e i 650
Kg
m
3 . Grazie al processo di sinterizzazione attraverso cui i bordi dei
singoli fiocchi di neve si uniscono tra loro grazie alla diffusione di molecole d'acqua il
firn aumenta la propria densità raggiungendo valori di ≈ 830
Kg
m
3 . Dopo vari cicli di
gelo e di disgelo (tra i 150 e 300 anni) e grazie all'azione meccanica prodotta dagli
strati di neve superiori il firn,compattandosi ulteriormente, diventa ghiaccio (917
Kg
m
3 ) andando così ad alimentare il corpo glaciale.
1.3 BILANCIO DI MASSA
La nascita, la sopravvivenza e l'estinzione di un ghiacciaio derivano dal bilancio tra gli
accumuli di neve e la fusione dei ghiacci (ablazione). Come descritto da Smiraglia
(1992) per determinare questo bilancio si procede attraverso misure dirette sul
ghiacciaio effettuate in punti fissi che servono a misurare gli accumuli di neve. Il
periodo preso in considerazione è solitamente l'anno idrologico (1 ottobre - 30
settembre). Alla fine della primavera si effettua la prima misurazione atta ad stabilire
l'apporto nevoso invernale . Ciò si può ottenere sia con carotaggi sia misurando
l'innalzamento della superficie in corrispondenza di aste metalliche infisse alla fine
dell'estate precedente. Bisogna poi misurare la densità della neve scavando delle
trincee annotando gli spessori di neve registrati. Mentre l'abbassamento registrato a
fine estate fornirà l'ablazione del ghiacciaio durante il periodo estivo.
L'estrema laboriosità delle misurazioni dirette ha portato gli scienziati ad adottare
nuove tecniche indirette.
La rilevazione da remoto di ghiacciai tramite fotografie aeree verticali e oblique iniziò
con la campagna fotografica di tutte le terre Artiche Canadesi a cavallo tra il 1940 e il
1950 (Barry and Yew Gan (2011)).
Un nuovo spunto in tale direzione si ebbe poi con le missioni NASA quali Landsat e
ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection ). Queste costellazioni
di satelliti, avendo sensori in grado di captare da remoto l'estensione, la topografia, lo
spessore, il volume e la velocità di scorrimento diventarono il principale strumento
d'indagine per lo studio della criosfera.
La mappatura dei ghiacciai attraverso software GIS può seguire tre approcci diversi
(Barry and Yew Gan (2011)) :
delineatura manuale dei confini
segmentazione di immagini dimensionate
unsupervised e supervised classification
4
5. Durante la nostra analisi abbiamo studiato la sola estensione del corpo glaciale della
tramite delineatura manuale dei confini e classificazione supervised di
ortofoto, senza prendere in considerazione i bilanci di massa.
1.4 I GHIACCIAI DELLA MARMOLADA
Figura 2 - Visione dei ghiacciai del Trentino orientale. Foto presa da “Il nuovo Catasto dei
ghiacciai italiani”
L'apparato glaciale della Marmolada è composto da quattro ghiacciai distinti:
Nome Codi
ce
Codice
WGI
Coordina
te
Raggruppamen
to montuoso
Bacino
idrogra
fico
Tipolo
gia
Marmola
da
941 IT4L00101
101
46°26’19’’
N
11°52’04’’
E
DOLOMITI -
Dolomiti
Nordoccidentali -
Dolomiti di Fassa
Marmolada
ADIGE -
Avisio Montan
o
Marmola
da
Centrale
941.
1
/ 46° 26’
28’’ N 11°
50’ 59’’ E
DOLOMITI -
Dolomiti
Nordoccidentali -
Dolomiti di Fassa
Marmolada
ADIGE -
Avisio
Montan
o
Punta
Penia
941.
2
/ 46° 26’
12’’ N 11°
50’ 52’’ E
DOLOMITI -
Dolomiti
Nordoccidentali -
Dolomiti di Fassa
Marmolada
ADIGE -
Avisio
Montan
o
Marmola
da Ovest
942 IT4L00101
102
46° 26’
24’’ N 11°
50’ 31’’ E
DOLOMITI -
Dolomiti
Nordoccidentali -
Dolomiti di Fassa
ADIGE -
Avisio
Montan
o
5
6. Marmolada
Tabella 1
Nel nostro studio considereremo tutti e quattro i corpi glaciali, i dati di estensione
saranno intesi quindi come somma dei singoli ghiacciai.
2.0 STUDIO DELLE ORTOFOTO
L’utilizzo di GIS GRASS 7.00 avviene dopo aver creato i seguenti ambienti di lavoro :
Database: directory in cui viene archiviato tutto il lavoro e si trovano le
location: in questo caso è esame gis;
Location: directory principale di lavoro al cui interno si trovano mappe aventi
sistema di
riferimento e proiezione uguale: nel caso in oggetto si chiama new Location.
Mapset: sotto-directory delle location.
2.1 ORTOFOTO 2006
Importato il file dell’ortofoto ( .tif ) tramite il comando r.in.gdal in una Location
caratterizzata da:
sistema di riferimento WGS84/UTM 32N
3 bande
risoluzione 72 dpi
per poterlo visualizzare a schermo è stato poi necessario utilizzare il comando
d.rgb, unendo così le bande red, green e blue del raster si visualizza l'ortofoto.
6
7. Figura 3 - Marmolada 2006
Vista l’estensione dell'immagine si è ritenuto opportuno selezionare la nostra area di
interesse da display con l’ uso del cursore e poi impostarla come area di lavoro con
g.region
Attraverso la modalità “digitize” si sono individuate le aree campione, necessarie per
poter eseguire la classificazione, associando ad ogni area una relativa categoria.
Figura 4 - Training map 2006
Impostato attraverso il comando i.group il gruppo ed il sottogruppo abbiamo
realizzato la classificazione con due diverse metodologie:
classificazione supervisionata non contestuale
classificazione supervisionata contestuale.
7
8. 2.1.1 CLASSIFICAZIONE NON CONTESTUALE
La classificazione non contestuale è stata ottenuta per mezzo di i.maxlik, dopo aver
generato le firme spettrali dalla mappa raster con i.gensig.
Figura 5 - Classificazione con i.gensig 2006
In seguito filtrando il risultato tramite r.neighbors si è eseguita una moda di cinque
pixel.
Figura 6 - Raster ottenuto r.neighbors 2006
8
9. Effettuando un riclassificazione (r.reclass) siamo stati in grado di raggruppare le
nostre classi in due categorie: ghiacciaio e non ghiacciaio (fig 8).
Figura 7 - Stringa di codice r.reclass 2006
Figura 8 - r.reclass 2006
2.1.2 CLASSIFICAZIONE CONTESTUALE
Ottenuto questo risultato si è eseguita la classificazione contestuale che, a differenza
della non contestuale, effettua la classificazione di un pixel non solo in base ai suoi
valori, ma anche in funzione dei valori dei pixel circostanti.
Essa è stata realizzata tramite il comando i.smap, generando le firme spettrali con
i.gensigset riutilizzando la Training map utilizzata precedentemente.
9
10. Figura 9 - Classificazione contestuale con i.gensigset 2006
Anche in questo caso il risultato è stato filtrato sempre impostando una moda di
cinque pixel
Figura 10 - Classificazione dopo r.neighbors 2006
e riclassificando il raster riducendo il numero di classi a due: ghiacciaio e non
ghiacciaio.
10
11. Figura 11 - Classificazione contestuale r.reclass 2006
Confrontando i risultati delle due diverse classificazioni, si è deciso di proseguire la
nostra indagine utilizzando quelli ottenuti con la classificazione supervisionata
contestuale in quanto più precisi ed accurati.
Per rendere più precisi i dati la regione è stata ristretta e si è deciso di importare i fogli
DTM 000094 e 000095 scaricati dal portale geocartografico del Trentino con
risoluzione 1x1 m per poter distinguere, in base all’altitudine, il corpo glaciale dalla
roccia.
Dal sito del comitato Glaciologico del SAT si è appreso che nel 1994 il ghiacciaio era
compreso fra i 2550 m e i 3290 m quindi dopo diversi tentativi con il comando
r.mapcalc variando le quote tra i 2550 e 2630 abbiamo ripulito il più possibile la
mappa raster.
11
12. Figura 12 - Fogli DTM 2006
Uniti i fogli DTM con il comando r.patch e inserendo nel comando r.mapcalc la
stringa
r.mapcalc expr="ghiacciaio__2630=if(classificazione.reclass==2&&dtm>2630,2,1)"
abbiamo imposto la verifica di due condizioni :
classificazione.reclass = ghiaccio
quota del DTM maggiore di 2630 metri
Se una o entrambe le condizioni risultassero false il comando effettua una
riclassificazione impostando roccia al posto del ghiaccio.
Figura 13 -Risultato ottenuto dopo le iterazioni di r.mapcalc 2006
12
13. Grazie all'uso dei DTM è stato possibile, dopo diversi tentativi, eliminare tutte le aree
rosse (fig 13) ottenendo una superficie che rispecchia maggiormente l'areale effettivo
del ghiacciaio.
Per verificare la bontà della nostra classificazione abbiamo utilizzato il comando
r.kappa, digitalizzando due aree per il confronto prese in questa maniera.
Figura 14 - Aree campione per il comando r.kappa 2006
E ottenendo questo risultato :
13
14. Figura 15 - r. kappa 2006
Con un valore di Kappa superiore all' 80 % possiamo affermare che il risultato ottenuto
è preciso.
Attraverso il comando r.null abbiamo ottenuto il raster unicamente della zona coperta
da ghiaccio.
14
15. Figura 16 - Raster r.null 2006
Per rifinire ulteriormente il nostro raster, eliminando i buchi presenti dovuti ad una
classificazione non perfetta abbiamo utilizzato il comando r.reclass.area, impostando
come mode = lesser, come valore 0.3 ha e come method = rmarea, è stato possibile
eliminare tutte le aree con un'area inferiore a 0.3 ettari.
Figura 17 - r.reclass.area 2006
15
16. A questo punto abbiamo lanciando il comando r.report è stato possibile ottenere i
dati relativi all’estensione del ghiacciaio nel 2006.
Figura 18 - r.report 2006
Il risultato di 1.78 Km
2
è in linea con i dati ricavati elaborando il vettoriale dei
ghiacciai della Marmolada scaricato dal Geocatalogo della provincia di Trento relativo
al settembre 2003 con le seguenti caratteristiche:
sistema di riferimento WGS84/UTM 32N
risoluzione 2 metri
Figura 19 - Vettoriale del 2003
16
17. Dopo aver trasformato il vettoriale in raster con il comando v.to.rast e lanciando poi
r.report è stato possibile ottenere il seguente report.
Figura 20 - r.report del 2003
In questo caso il report ci ha fornito la superficie dei singoli ghiacciai: Marmolada,
Marmolada Centrale, Marmolada Ovest e Punta Penia per un totale di 1.88 Km
2
.
17
18. 2.2 ORTOFOTO 1973
Importata e visualizzata a schermo aventi le seguenti caratteristiche :
sistema di riferimento Roma40/Gauss-Boaga
risoluzione 96 dpi
1 banda
con uguale procedura rispetto alla precedente si è impostata e definita la nostra area
di indagine.
Figura 21 - Marmolada 1973
Passando alla modalità “digitize” ricavando le nostre aree campione:
Figura 22 - Training map 1973
18
19. Impostati tramite il comando i.group i gruppi e sottogruppi in modo da poter iniziare
la nostra classificazione supervisionata contestuale. Tramite i.gensigset si sono
create le firme spettrali che inserite come input in i.smap hanno generato il seguente
raster:
Figura 23 - Classificazione i.gensigset 1973
Questa classificazione è risultata alquanto imprecisa poiché la qualità dell'ortofoto ha
creato al sistema alcuni problemi per quanto riguarda il riconoscimento delle scale dei
grigi. Dopo aver provato a modificare più volte la Training map si è proceduto tramite
una delineatura manuale.
Tramite la modalità digitize abbiamo così selezionato manualmente l’area d’interesse,
ottenendone il vettoriale.
19
20. Figura 24 - Vettoriale contornato a mano 1973
Usando il comando v.to.rast è stato convertito il vettoriale ottenuto in raster.
Infine, per sapere l’ampiezza del ghiacciaio è stato utilizzato il comando r.report sulla
mappa raster per avere la grandezza effettiva dell’area analizzata, che risulta essere
di 2.69 Km
2
.
Figura 25 - r.report 1973
20
21. Anche in questo caso il risultato di 2.69 Km
2
è compatibile con i dati citati da
Bachmann (1978) relativi all’annata del 1966, quando il ghiacciaio ricopriva un’area di
2.89 Km
2
.
2.3 ORTOFOTO 2000
Importata e visualizzata l’ortofoto in una nuova Location avente le seguenti
caratteristiche:
sistema di riferimento Roma40/Gauss-Boaga
3 bande
risoluzione 96 dpi
ne abbiamo definito l’area di interesse con la stessa procedura utilizzata nelle
precedenti analisi.
Selezionate diverse aree campione per procedere con la nostra classificazione, sono
state suddivise in sei categorie.
Figura 26 - Trainingmap 2000
21
22. Classificata la nostra ortofoto abbiamo ottenuto questo risultato:
Figura 27- Classificazione contestuale 2000
Con r.reclass e successivamente con r.neighbors è stata divisa la nostra
classificazione in ghiacciaio-roccia ed è stato uniformato il nostro raster con una moda
a cinque.
Figura 28 - Riclassificazione r.reclass con moda a cinque 2000
Prima di eliminare con r.null tutto ciò che non è ghiaccio è stato calcolato il
coefficiente kappa :
22
23. Figura 29 - Aree campione per r.kappa 2000
Figura 30 - Coefficiente kappa 2000
Ottenuto un risultato per kappa estremamente alto, considerate come valide le
percentuali superiori a 0.75, abbiamo proseguito cancellando tutte le zone rocciose
23
24. con r.null e con r.reclass.area abbiamo eliminato tutte le aree più piccole di 5 ettari
e unito tutte le parti mancanti più piccole di 0.2 ettari.
Figura 31 - Raster finale ghiacciaio 2000
Considerando che la classificazione ha prodotto un errore evidente nella zona centrale
è stata rieseguita la procedura variando la Training map iniziale e ottenendo una
nuova mappa, anch’essa però soggetta a errori in zone differenti. Si è quindi
proceduto eseguendo una media dei valori delle superfici ghiacciate nelle due
classificazioni.
Figura 32 - Seconda classificazione anno 2000
24
25. Figura 33 - Report prima classificazione 2000
Figura 34 - Report seconda classificazione 2000
La media tra le due misurazioni eseguite ci porge il valore di 1.97 Km
2
. La
campagna effettuata dall'ARPAV usando strumenti GIS nel 1999 ha fornito loro un
valore di 2.225 Km
2
.
25
26. Confrontando i valori attenuti dal vettoriale risalente al 2003 scaricato dal
Geocatalogo del Trentino (1.88 Km
2
) con la misurazione effettuata da ARPAV nel
2004 (2.147 Km
2
) si scopre una certa incertezza nelle misurazioni effettuate tra il
Veneto ed il Trentino.
2.4 SOVRAPPOSIZIONE VETTORIALI
Ottenuti e convertiti in forma vettoriale i raster di ogni singola ortofoto abbiamo
importato i vettoriali del 1973 e del 2000 sovrapponendoli all'ortofoto del 2006. Per
fare ciò abbiamo utilizzato il comando v.proj, che ha importato e ha cambiato il
sistema di riferimento e le proiezioni delle aree da Roma40 Gauss-Boaga a
WGS84/UTM zone 32N, ottenendo il seguente risultato:
26
27. Figura 35 - Ablazione del ghiacciaio della Marmolada dal '73 al 2006
Le immagini sono state sovrapposte in ordine cronologico, quindi in marrone abbiamo
la superficie del ghiacciaio nel 1973, in rosso il ghiacciaio nel 2000, il blu rappresenta il
2003 ed infine il giallo il 2006.
Come si può notare dalla sovrapposizione la Marmolada si è ritirata considerevolmente
negli anni, subendo un accelerazione tra il 2000 e il 2003 quando la fronte è arrivata a
perdere quasi 500 m.
3.0 CONCLUSIONI
L'efficacia riscontrata nella classificazione di un ghiacciaio con GRASS 7.0.0 deriva
dalla qualità delle ortofoto a disposizione: con l'ortofoto del 2000 la classificazione ha
dato subito un esito positivo non necessitando quindi di un lavoro di rifinizione troppo
laborioso. Con la classificazione del 2006 invece i contorni del ghiacciaio sono apparsi
fin da subito ben definiti e chiari, però nei tratti ombreggiati e lungo le zone moreniche
27
28. ad Ovest del Marmolada Ovest il programma ha erroneamente scambiato la roccia con
il ghiaccio, errore probabilmente dovuto al riverbero presente al momento dello scatto,
imponendoci una riclassificazione in base all'altitudine. Mentre nel caso del 1973 la
classificazione contestuale genera degli output soggetti a forti imprecisioni che quindi
di fatto rendono inutile l'utilizzo di GRASS 7.0.0.
Per metodi e strumenti GIS più efficaci si rimanda a The Global Cryosphere.
Grazie all'elaborazione delle ortofoto con GRASS 7.00 siamo riusciti a ricavare i
seguenti dati di estensione.
ANNO
SUPERFICIE [ Km
2
]
1973 2.69
2000 1.97
2003 1.88
2006 1.78
Tabella 2
Inserendo anche i dati trovati in letteratura
ANNO
SUPERFICIE [ Km
2
]
RIFERIMENTI
1910 4.20 Marinelli (1910)*
1961 3.64 Comitato Glaciologico
Italiano (1959-1962)*
1966 2.89 Bachmann (1978)
1981 3.13 World Galcieres Invetory
(1980-1982)*
1999 2.255 ARPAV (1999)
2004 2.147 ARPAV (2004)
2011 1.49 Il nuovo catasto dei
Ghiacciai Italiani (2015)
Tabella 3
*Dati ottenuti dall'ARPAV
si è ottenuto il seguente grafico regredendo linearmente i dati tramite il programma
TI-Nspire CX CAS Student Software.
28
29. Figura 36 - Regressione lineare dei dati
Supponendo l'andamento del ghiacciaio come lineare possiamo affermare che entro il
2050 il ghiacciaio perderà il 50% della superficie attuale, e se i fattori climatici
rimarranno costanti, entro il 2080 assisteremo alla completa scomparsa dei ghiacciai
della Marmolada.
29
30. 4.0 FONTI
4.1 BIBLIOGRAFIA
"Guida ai ghiacciai e alla glaciologia, forme, fluttuazioni, ambienti", Claudio
Smiraglia, Zanichelli 1992
"Ghiacciai delle Alpi", Robert C. Bachmann, Zanichelli 1978
" The Global Cryosphere Past, Present, Future", Roger Barry and Thian Yew
Gan, Cambridge 2011
"Snow and Glacier Hydrology", Pratap Singh and Vijay P. Singh, Water Science
and Technology Library 2001
" The Global Cryosphere Past, Present, Future", Roger Barry and Thian Yew
Gan, Cambridge 2011
4.2 SITOGRAFIA
"Il nuovo catasto dei Ghiacciai Italiani", http://users.unimi.it/glaciol/catasto.html
in data 11/11/2015
"Comitato Glaciologico Trentino SAT", http://www.sat.tn.it/sns/17/ghiacciai.htm
in data 5/10/2015
“Portale Geocartografico Trentino”,
http://www.territorio.provincia.tn.it/portal/server.pt/community/lidar/847/lidar/23
954 in data 28/9/2015
"ARPAV",
http://www.arpa.veneto.it/arpavinforma/indicatori-ambientali/indicatori-
ambientali-del-veneto/clima-e-rischi-naturali/clima/copy_of_estensione-areale-
dei-ghiacciai/view in data 28/12/2015
30