Chinggis Khan died in 1227 after expanding the Mongol Empire. He was succeeded by Ogodei Khan who continued expanding the empire. Ogodei died in 1241, after which the unified Mongol empire was divided into khanates ruled by various descendants of Chinggis. In 1260, Kublai Khan became Great Khan and ruled directly over China, establishing the Yuan Dynasty. The IL khanates were essentially sovereign states that pledged allegiance to Kublai Khan. Under Kublai Khan's rule, China experienced changes such as the establishment of a multi-religious empire, welfare programs, and encouraging farming.