Money

Money -buying,sellingand paying
In a bank you usually have a current account (einamoji sàskaita), which is one you pay in your
salary and then withdraw (atssimti) money to pay your everyday bills. The bank sends you a
regular bank statement (banko pranešimas) how much money is in your account. You may also
have a savings account where you deposit (atiduoti apsaugai) any extra money that you have
and only take out when you want to spend it on something special. You usually try to avoid having
an overdraft (pereikvojimas) or you end up paying a lot of interest. If your account is overdrawn
(pereikvota, viršytas kreditas), you can be said to be in the red (as opposed in the black or in
credit ).
Sometimes the bank may lend you money - this is called a bank loan . If the bank or building
society lends you money to buy a house or a flat, that money is called a mortgage (paskola-
užstatas).
When you buy (or, more formally, purchase ) something in a shop, you usually pay for it outright
(staiga) but sometimes you buy on credit . Sometimes you may be offered a discount or a
reduction (sumažinimas) on something you buy at a shop. That means that you get, say, 50 litas
off (nuolaida) perhaps you are a student. You are often offered a discount if you buy in bulk
(urmu). It is not usual to haggle (derëtis dël) prices in a shop, as, it is in, say, a market. If you want
to return something which you have bought to a shop, you may be given a refund (grąžinama
pinigai), your money will be returned, provided you have a receipt .
The money that you pay for services, e.g. to a lawyer or studies, is usually called a fee or fees ;
the money paid for a journey is a fare .
If you buy something that you feel was very good value , it’s a bargain . If you feel that it is
definitely not worth what you paid for it, then you can call it a rip-off (nuplëšimu).
P u b lIc fIn a n c e
The government collects money from citizens through taxes. Income tax is the tax collected on
wages and salaries. Inheritance tax (paveldimumo- palikimo mokestis) is collected on what people
inherit from others.
Customs and excise duties (muitini ų ir akcizų prievolës) have to be paid on goods imported from
other countries. VAT or value added tax (vertës pridedamieji mokesčiai) is tax paid on most
goods and services when they are brought or purchased. Companies pay corporation tax
(korporacijø, akcinës bendrovës mokestis) on their profits. If you pay too much tax, you should be
given some money back, a tax rebate (mokesčių nuolaida).
The government also sometimes pays out money to people in need, e.g. unemployment benefit
(bedarbio pašalpa) (also known as the dole) pašalpa) disability allowances (invalidumo pašalpos
and student grants (studentø dotacijos, subsidijos) (to help pay for studying. Recipients (gavëjai)
draw a pension / unemployment benefit or are on the dole (yra šelpiami) or on social security
(visuomenës garantijų).
Every country has its own special currency (valiuta). Every day the rates of exchange are
published and you can discover, for example, how many litas there are currently to the dollar.
A company may sell shares to members of the public who are then said to have invested in that
company. They should be paid a regular dividend on their investment , depending on the profit or
loss made (nuostolių padarymas) by the company.
F a m il y b u d g e t
basic salary
overtime payment
sister’s college schoolarship
dad’s pansion
brother’s unemploym ent benefit
basic earning

O u t g o in g s
gas and electricity
deposit on new washing machine
subscription to newspapers and magazines
insurance contributions (draudimo įnašai)
children’s pocket money
to look for out genuine (tikro) reduction in the sales
collecting packet tops that offer discounts on the next purchase
delaying payment of bills until the final demand
buying second- hand clothes in jumble sales or charity shops
using the telephone at off-peak, cheap- rate times
shopping only at places where money can be refunded rather than goods exchanged
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
she won a fortune
her father is a very wealthy businessm an
money doesn’t buy happiness, but it helps
I’m a bit hard up (sunkioje padėtyje) at the moment, actually
I’m up to my ears in debt
I owe money everywhere
```````` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
• Write down the various ways in which shops and firms in your country encourage you to buy
their products
• Write a reply to your bank manager’s letter enquiring about your 2000 overdraft. Explain why
you have one and what you are going to do about it.
• What are some of the good and ban aspects of advertising on the screen, on paper and in the
street?
279 Money
1 allowance - pagalba pinigais, kišenpinigiai fine - (piniginė) bauda, pabauda
2 grant - subsidija, dotacija bonus [beunes] - premija
3 donation - dovana; auka gratuity - dovana, arbatpinigiai
4 premium - draudimo mokestis, premija, atlyginimas associated - susijęs
5 related - giminingas, (to) - susijęs expenditure - išlaidos, eikvojimas
6 expense - išlaidos, eikvojimas; vertė, kaina penalty - bausmė, pabauda
7 ransom - išpirka, išpirkimas implement - įvykdyti (susitarimą, pažadą)
8 supplement - pridėti, papildyti comission - komisiniai pinigai; įgaliojimas,
pavedimas
9 percentage - procentas, procentinis santykis provision - aprūpinimas; atsargos
10 bribe - kyšis, papirkimas give in - pasiduoti, nusileisti; įteikti (pareiškimą)
11 let out - išleisti part with - persiskirti
12 pay off - pilnai atsiskaityti bulk - didmeninis, urmas; įpakavimas
13 gross - didmeninis, urmo, in gross - urmu mass - masė, daugybė
14 wholesale - pardavimas urmu, didmeninė prekyba alter - keisti(s)
15 bankrupt - bankrupt - bankrotas, subankrutavęs penniless - be pinigų
16 declaration - pareiškimas, paskelbimas, deklaracija be well off - gerai sektis
17 rattle - tarškėti, barškinti, belstis spare - taupyti, saugoti
18 capital - svarbiausias, pagrindinis; kapitalas investment - investicija, įdėtas kapitalas
19 exemption - atleidimas (pvz. nuo - tarnybos) concern - liesti, dominti
20 impose - apmokestinti bonus - premija

21 benefit - nauda, pašalpa (bedarbio) allowance - pagalba pinigais - kišenpinigiai
22 winning - laimintis permit - leidimas
23 estimate - įvertinimas receipt - gavimo kvitas
280
wage - alga, darbo užmokestis alimony [elmeni] - alimentai
interest - nauda, svarba, reikšmė grant - subsidija, dotacija
281
deposit - dėti, atiduoti apsaugai įdėjimas, investicija, kapitalo įdėjimas
bond - obligacija bead karoliukas, shell - kriauklė (kiautas)
perform - atlikti
282 Money
allowance - pagalba pinigais, kišenpinigiai bonus - premija
commission - komisiniai dividend - dividendas
legacy - palikimas maintenance - parama, išlaikymas
premium - draudimo mokestis, premija, atlyginimas royalty - autorinis honoraras
mortgage - paskola; užstatas
283
1. claim - reikalauti, pareikšti benefit - pašalpa (bedarbio), nauda
2. clasp - apkabinti, paspausti (ranką); susegti grasp - pagriebti, pagauti
3. seize - pagriebti, pačiupti; teis. Uždėti areštą tackle - imtis, užsiimti; protvirtinti
konfiskuoti
4 dowry - kraitis heirloom - palikimas, paveldėtas bruožas
5 heritage - palikimas inheritance - paveldëjimas, palikimas
6 declare - paskelbti, deklaruoti asset - turtas; aktyvai
7 benefit - paðalpa; nauda fund - kapitalas, lëðos; atsarga, fondas
8 abundance - gausumas, perteklius overflow - perteklius; iðsiliejimas per kraðtus
9 surplus - likutis, perteklius contribution - mokestis
10 subscription - prenumeratas; pasiraðymas, paraðas subsidies - paðalpos, dotacijos
11 tribute - mokestis, duoklë, ánaðas unscrupulous - nesàþiningas
12 fall prey - tapti auka, kankintis (dël ko nors) sacrifice - aukoti
13 scapegoat [skepgout] - atpirkimo oþys legacy - palikimas
14 windfall - nelauktas pasisekimas extreme - kraðtutinis, paskutinis
15 striking - nuostabus, nepaprastas, puikus stringent - suvarþytas (finansine prasme);
grieþtas, tikslus
16 fundamental - pagrindinis, esminis, svarbiausias palpable - apèiuopiamas; aiðkus,
akivaizdus
17 substantial - tvirtas, esminis tangible - apèiuopiamas, realus, aiðkus
18 split - suskilti, skaldyti newly - naujai
19 mint - kalti pinigus mould - daryti, nulieti (pagal ðablonà, pavyzdá)
20 jobless - bedarbis humiliating - sugëdintas, paþemintas
21 dole - paðalpa, iðmalda grant - subsidija, dotacija
22 ration - porcija, davinys answerable - atsakingas
23 bound - riba, siena chargeable - apmokestinamas, apmokëtinas
24 liable - atsakingas, ápareigotas hurl - sviesti
25 lob - aukðtai paduoti kamuoliukà toss - mesti aukðtyn, sviesti
26 precisely - tiksliai, kaip tik evident - aiðku, akivaizdu
27 differentiation - diferencialas annex - priedas (prie dokumento)
28 bonus - premija increment - pelnas; padidëjimas, priaugimas
29 contribute - padëti; ámokëti endow - uþtikrinti (nuolatines pajamas)

30 grant - subsidija, dotacija subsidize - ðelpti, subsidijuoti
31 deduction - iðvada rebate - daryti nuolaidà, nusileisti
32 plunge - panerti, ástumti regain - atgauti, vël sugráþti
33 retrieve - sugràþinti, atgauti; atstatyti subsidy [sabsidi] - paðalpa, dotacija
34 liability - atsakomybë, ásipareigojimas duty - muito mokestis; pareiga
35 bound - riba, siena knot - supainioti, suriðti mazgà
284
bound - riba, siena loose - palaidas
fare - mokestos, bilieto kaina duty - pareiga; muito mokestis
investment - investicija, ádëtas kapitalas standard - standartas, norma
mortgage - paskola; uþstatas obligation - ápareigojimas
equal - tolygus, vienodas, atitinkamas cheque - èekis (amer. check)
285
to cash - gauti pinigus pagal čekį draw out - iš(si)imti, iš(si)traukti
expense - išlaidos value - vertė (pinigų , daiktų, turto - už ką gali
būti
iškeičiami pinigai pagal kursą)
worth - vertė (vertė lyginant sumokant
pinigus už kažką ką pirksi) deterioration - pablogėjimas
devaluation - nuvertinimas natural - natūralus, gamtos
sample - pavyzdys, šablonas, modelis specimen - pavyzdys, egzempliorius
trial - bandymas, išmėginimas inspect - apžiūrėti
corruption - paperkamumas, korupcija expose - atskleisti
cater - aprūpinti (maistu), įtikti equip - aprūpinti, apginkluoti (žiniomis)
subtract - atimti (mat.) premium - draudimo mokestis, premija
balance - balansas, pusiausvyra estimate - įvertinimas
overdraft - išėmimas (iš banko per didelės sumos) ensure - apdrausti, garantuoti
certify - pažymėti, paliudyti, laiduoti insure - apdrausti (against)
all over - visur for good - visam laikui, galutinai
in full - pilnai extract - išgauti (pinigus)
remove - pašalinti; nuimti; pernešti encase - pakuoti
enclose - įdėti (į laišką) comparable - palyginimas
changeable - nepastovus, permainingas equivalent - lygiavertis, tolygus
variable - nepastovus, kintamas surety - laiduotojas
286
debtor - skolininkas safekeeping - saugus laikymas
depositor - indėlininkas credited - kredituojamas
charge - prižiūrėti, saugoti interest - svarba, reikšmė, nauda
chief source - svarbiausias šaltinis

287
reminder - priminimas, uþuomina indebted - skolingas
overdue - pasivëlinæs, praleistas (mokestis, skola) unbalanced - nelygus, nevienodas
counterfeit - padirbti, klastoti false - neteisingas, klastingas, padirbtas
mimic - pamëgdþiojantis mock - suklastotas, netikras
gauging - ávertinimas sliding - slydimas
slipping - slydimas, paslydimas,; suklydimas (atsitiktinai) arouse - þadinti, kelti (jausmus)
elicit - iðaiðkinti, iðkelti (aikðyën) extort - iðplëðti, iðgauti (pinigus- prievarta)
backing - parama (financial) standing for - palaikymas, parëmimas
cash-flow - pinigø nutekëjimas petty cash - menki piniga
H e a lth a n d m e d icine
Names of diseases:
1. appendicitis [ependisaitis] - apendicitas
2. heart attack - ðirdies priepuolis
3. heart failure ðirdies yda, paralyþius
4. bronchitis [brenkaitis] - bronchitas
5. cancer - vėžys
6. jaundice [džo:ndis] - geltligė
7. chickenpox - vëjaraupiai
8. stomach ulcer [alse] - skrandþio þaizda
9. constipation - viduriø uþkietëjimas
10. diabetes [dai’e’bi:ti:z] - diabetas
11. hernia [he:nie] - iðvarþa
12. diarrhoea [dai-e’rie] - viduriavimas
13. food poisining
14. laryngitis [lerindþaitis] - laringitas
15. asthma
16. hay fever - ðienligë
17. hepatitis [hepetaitis] hepatitas
18. sinusitis - sinusitas
19. (head) cold - sloga, to catch a (head) cold
20. indigestion [indi’dþestðen] - skrandþio skausmai,
virðkinimo sutrikimas
21. influenza (flu) - gripas
22. insomnia [in’semnie] - nemiga
23. the nervous system migraine - migrena
24. the livergallstones - akmenys kepenyse
25. leukaemia [lu:ki:mie] - leukomija
26. measles [mi:zlz] - tymai
27. rheumatism - reumatizmas
28. mumps - kiaulytë
29. pneumonia [nju:meunie] - plauèiø uþdegimas
30. scarlet fever - skarlatina
31. vomiting - vëmimas

32. tonsilitis [tensilaitis] - angina
33. tuberculosis [ tju:be:kju:’leusis] - tuberkuliozë
34. epilepsy / epileptic fits/ - epilepsija
35. whooping cough [hu:pinkof] - kokliuðas
36. high blood pressure
37. leprosy [leupreus] - raupsai
38. coronary thrombosis - kraujo trombozë [koroneri]
39. typhoid [tafoid] - viduriø ðiltinë
40. mental disorders -protiniai sutrikimai
41. schizophrenia
42. paranoia
43. contagious [konteidþes] - infekcinis, uþkreèiantis
44. dermatitis [da:metaitis] - odos uþdegimas
45. allergy [eledþi] - alergija, allergic (to)
46. frostbite - nuðalimas
47. nosebleed
48. sore throat
49. hiccups - þagsëjimas
50. sprain - sausgysliø patempimas
what are your symptoms?
I’ve got a cold / a cough / a sore throat
I’ve got a temperature
I’ve got a stomach ache / a headache / an earache / a toothache
I’ve got a rash (iðbërimas) / spots on my chest
I’ve got a bruise (mëlynë, sumuðimas) on my leg
I’ve got a lump (gumbas) on my arm
I’ve got an indigestion - virðkinimo sutrikimas
I’ve got a blister - pûslë / sunburn
I feel sick / dizzy (apsvaigæs) / breathless (uþdusæs) / shivery (drebantis) / faint (nusilpæs, silpnas)
, particularly bad at night
I am depressed / tired all the time.
I’ve lost my appetite / voice
I can’t sleep, my nose itches (nieþti) and my leg hurts
what do doctors do?
They take your temperature, listen to your chest
They look at your ears
They examine you, take your blood pressure
They ask you some questions and weigh and measure you before sending you to the hospital for
further tests
what does the doctor prescribe?
• take one three times a day after meals
• take a teaspoonful last thing at night
• rub a little on before going to bed each night
• we’ll get the nurse to put a bandage on
• you’ll need to have some injections before you go
• I’ll ask the surgeon when he can fit you in for an operation
• you’ll have to have your leg put in plaster

• I think you should have total bed rest for a week.
This is a section on symptoms, possible diagnosis and remedies (vaistai, priemonës). These six
exchanges between doctor and patient have been mixed up. Decide which response should follow
which question.
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 I’ve been suffering from insomnia (nemiga) lately. Do you think I might be heading for a nervous
breakdown
2 I seem to have some sort of stye (sty) [stai] (mieþis ant akies) or infection in my right eye. Do
you think I might have conjunctivitis ? [kondþenktivaitis] ( konjunktyvitas - akies uþdegimas)
3 I can’t stop scratching (kasytis) this place on my foot. Do you think it’s athlete’s foot?
(grybelis - odos susirgimas).
4 I’ve got a rather sore throat , and I keep feeling a bit blushed (paraudæs). Do you think it
could be flu ?
5 I’ve got a big bump (gumbas) on the back of my head. Do you think it might be more than a
bruise ? (sumuðimas)
6 I keep getting shooting pains down my shin (blauzda) and ankle. It it possible that I’ve broken
or sprained (patempiau
sausgygles).
A Possible. Try this lotion [leuðn] for a few days to stop the itching (sustabdyti nieþëjimà), then
start putting on this powder (milteliai- pudra) at night.
B Unlikely (nepanaðu), but I’ll let you have some cough mixture to relieve the symptoms . You
can get yourself some lozenges [lozindþ] (tabletës) , if you like.
C I would doubt it. Here, rub this cream in for the next few nights to help reduce the swelling
(sumaþinti patinimà).
D No, of course not. But I’ll prescribe some barbiturates (iðraðyti raminanèiø - barbituratø) -
sleeping pills (piliulës) - to help you get a good night’s rest. OK?
E I wouldn’t have thought so. But I’ll give you a prescription for some drops (laðams) to try and
clear it up (iðaiðkinti).
F Well, the X-ray didn’t show anything. It it’s so painful you’d better have some crutches
(ramentai) to walk with and some painkillers to ease the pain .
A n s w e r s: 1D 2E 3A 4B 5C 6F
48.1 Match the diseases with their symptoms.
1 flu A swollen glands in front of ear, earache or pain on eating
2 pneumonia B burning pain in abdomen (pilve), pain or nausea (ðleikðtulys) after
eating
3 rheumatism C rash (odos iðbërimas) starting on body, slightly raised temperature

4 chickenpox D dry cough, high fever, shest pain, rapid breathing
5 mumps (kiaulytë) E headache, aching muscles, fever, cough, sneezing
6 an ulcer (þaizda) F swollen, painful joints, (sànariai), stiffiness, (sustingimas-
nelankstumas), limited movement
A n s w e r s: 1E 2D 3F 4C 5A 6B
48.3 Look at the statements. Which do you think the
doctor said to each of the following patients.
1 Anne with bad sunburn. (rub a little on before going to bed each night)
2 Jo who’s broken her leg. (you’ll have to have your leg put in plaster)
3 John who’s off to the Tropics. (you’ll need to have some injections before you
go)
4 Paul with flu. (take one three times a day after meals)
5 Liz with a bad cough. (take a teaspoonful last thing at night)
6 Sam who needs his appendix out. (I’ll ask the surgeon when he can fit you in for an
operation)
7 Rose suffering from exhaustion. (I think you should have total bed
rest for a week)
8 Alf who’s sprained his wrist. (we’ll get the nurse to put a bandage on)
48.5 What medical problems might you have, if ,,,
1 you wear shoes that rub? (blisters - pûslës)
2 you eat too fast? (indigestion - virðkinimo sutrikimas)
3 you smoke a lot? (lung cancer)
4 you play football? (bruises - mëlynës- sumuðimai)
5 you go skiing? (a broken leg)
6 you stay too long in the sun? (sunburn)
7 you eat food you’re allergic to? (a rash - iðbërimas)
8 you run unusually fast for a bus? (breathlesness)
9 you eat food that is bad? (sickness - ðleikðtulys; vomiting - vëmimas)
10 a mosquito bites you? (an itch - nieþëjimas)
11 you get wet on a cold day? (a cold)
12 you think you’re ill all the time? (hypochondria - nenormalus liguistumas ) /aling,
sickly/
48.4 Complete the following table .
Noun adjective verb
breathless
faint
shivery
dislocated
ache
treatment
swollen
t a b l e a n s w e r s :
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
breathlessness, breath breathless breathe

faint faint faint
shiver, shivering shivery shiver
dislocation dislocated dislocate
ache aching ache
treatment - treat
swelling swollen swell
Decide which response should follow which question.
1 I’ve got a dull ache in my arm and occasionally, I get a spasm (mëðlungis, spazma). Could it be
a minor fracture (áskilimas), a chipped bone (skilæs, atskilæs kaulas) or something?
2 I’ve got these tiny little bumps (gumbai) all over the back of my neck. Do you think it might be
gland (liauka) trouble?
3 I’ve come out in a rash (mane iðbërë) on my chest. Do you think it could be a skin disease like
dermatitis (odos uþdegimas)?
4 I keep getting short of breath . Is there any way I could be suffering from asthma ?
5 I think I’ve got an ulcer (þaizdelë) in my mouth. Do you think it could be a sign that I’m run
down ? (iðsekæs, sunykæs)
6 I feel so feverish (karðèiuojantis), and I’m sure I’ve got a temperature . I’m afraid that there’s
something wrong with my heart.
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
A Mm, sounds it a bit like it. I’ll make you out a prescription for some penicilin , and some menthol
inhalations might speed up the recovery .
B It’s just possible. I’ll strap it up (suverðiu) anyway and put it in a sling (dirþas per petá). That
should reduce your discomfort quite a lot.
C Oh, I shouldn’t think so, but I think perhaps you ought to start taking these tranquillisers
(raminanèiuosius), to at least get your blood pressure down.
D Oh no, no, no. You’d know if it was. I’ll give you some ointment (tepalas, kremas) to rub in to
get rid of the inflammation (uþdegimas).
E Probably not. I’ll put you on a course of tablets to prevent them from spreading . They should go
soon.
F It might well be. I’ll put you on antibiotics for a while anyway, to lessen the risk of serious
infection.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A n s w e r s: 1B 2E 3D 4A 5F 6C
some additioNal seNteNces or phrases about health aNd illNess
You’re in perfect health ,, as fit as a fiddle (labai geros nuotaikos)
There’s nothing wrong with you
The worst is over ,,, he’s almost completely recovered
We all wish you to get well soon
We’re glad you’re over it

He is practically cured
He is coming along nicely
He’ll be on his feet again soon
He’s made a miraculous (stebuklingas) recovery
I feel funny - I really don’t feel well
I think I’m sickening for something
I feel feverish (karðèiuojantis)
He’s been taken ill
He’s in coma
He is fighting for his life
He is still critically ill
He is in a very critical condition
No change - he is still seriously ill
He still hasn’t regained (atgauti) consciousness
He is making progress
His condition is satisfactory (patenkinamas)
He’s come out of coma
He is as well as can be expected
He’s getting worse
His condition is getting worse
He’s getting weaker
His life is hanging by a thread
He could go at any second
He’ll live till he’s a hundred
Parts of the body
forehead (kakta) cheek (skruostas) chin (smakras) eyebrows
(antakiai)
nose lips (lûpos) eyes ears
jaw [dþo:] þandikaulis mouth tongue shoulder
palm (delnas) finger elbow wrist
hand arm leg knee
shin (blauzda, blauzdikaulis) ankle (kulkðnis) Achilles tendom heel -
kulnas
calf - blauzda thigh - ðlaunis instep - pëdos virðus sole -
padas
foot toe - (kojos) pirðtas pelvia - dubuo body trunk
- liemuo
waist - talija head back chest
hips - klubai lap - keliai abdomen - pilvas heart
liver lungs kidneys rib -
ðonkaulis
brain - smegenys
Practice tasks
1 Write an essay or conversation between the patient and doctor about patient ’s health.
2 List and give reasons for golden rules for keeping healthy
3 Describe the remedies or treatments you have heard of for the complaints and accidents listed
below:
1 a bad burn 3 frostbite
2 nosebleed 4 a cold
Fill in the conversation with the words and expressions given below

a whole working worse
chest
bout ago all the time bad
just here
did exactly have hurts
to breathe
pain problem see smoke
to
Doctor: Good morning, Mr. Harris. What’s the (1) ?
Patient: Well, I’ve got a very bad (2) in my (3) doctor.
Doctor: I (4) . How long (5) you had it? When (6)
it start?
Patient” (7) a week (8) .
Doctor: Do you have the pain (9) ?
Patient: Well, it’s (10) when I get up in the morning. But it’s there the (11)
time, yes. Sometimes it’s so (12) ., it stops
me (13) .
Doctor: Is it bad now?
Patient: Not too god. It really (14) .
Doctor: Do you (15) ?
Patient: Occasionally. One or two (16) day.
Doctor: Now where (17) is the pain?
Patient: (18) .
Doctor: All right. Now I want you (19) in and out slowly, and I’ll listen (20)
your chest.
A n s w e r s: 1 - problem, 2 - pain, 3 - chest, 4 - see, 5 - have, 6 - did, 7 - about, 8 -
ago, 9 - all the time, 10 -worse, 11 - whole, 12 - bad, 13 - working, 14 - hurts, 15 - smoke,
16 - a, 17 - exactly, 18 - just here, 19 - to breathe, 20 - to.
Study and complete the dialogue.
Receptionist: Good afternoon. Dr. Smith’s office. (1) help
you?
Patient: Yes, (2) an appointment (3) the
doctor.
Receptionist: All right. The (4) appointment (5) next
Monday at 4;30.
Patient: I’m sorry, but (6) . I (7) until next week. I (8)
fever ant
(9) stomachache. (10) the doctor
today?
Receptionist? Yes, if (11) , (12) about 2;00, please.
Patient: (13) . Thank you very much.
A n s w e r s: 1 - May I, 2 - I’d like to make, 3 - to see, 4 - as soon as possible,
5 - next available, 6 - is next, 7 - this is urgent (neatideliotinas, primygtinis), 8 - can’t wait, 9 -
have a high, 10 - a very bad, 11 - is it possible to see, 11 - it.s urgent, 12 - come in, 13 - Joe
Haley (ligonis pasako vardà ir pavardæ).
Revise articles.
Put in a, an, the where necessary.

1 I often go to bed late. ( - )
2 Have you ever had operation? ( - )
3 medical care is free in Fantasia. ( - )
4 Do you often have headaches? ( - )
5 My brother’s dentist. ( a )
6 I don’t get ill very often - perhaps once year ( a ).
7 National Health Service was set up in Britain in 1946. ( - )
8 In many countries you have to pay for medical treatment. ( the )
9 If a person goes to a doctor, doctor may give person
prescription for some medicine. ( a, the, a )
10 The patient takes prescription to pharmacist. ( the, a )
11 people in Great Britain have to pay part of cost of their glasses.
( the )
Complete the sentence using the appropriate form of the words given in brackets.
1. Where is the outpatient clinic? (near)
(nearest)
2. Dr. Davis has experience than his younger colleagues. (much)
(more)
3. Were there any complications in this case, nurse? (far)
(further)
4. Sister Jones is the of seven children. (old)
(eldest)
5. As he grew his health grew . (old, bad) (older;
worse)
6. She soon got after her accident. (well)
(better)
7. The specialist told me that was the he could do for me. (little) (the
least)
8. They postpone the operation to a date. (late)
(later)
9. Shortly after the operation he was than now. (lame - luoðas, raiðas)
(more lame)
10. His cough grew from day to day. (bad)
(worse)
11. She felt much after the treatment.
(well) (better)
12. He cleared his throat so as to speak .
(loud) (louder)
13. He advised me to be . (calm)
(calmer)
14. That was the treatment I’ve ever
had. (good) (the best)
15. Dr. Brown operates than anybody
else I know. (good) (better)
16. He examines me than he did the
first time. (careful) (more carefully)
17. After her recovery she got and
from day to day. (good) (better and better)
18. His voice grew and as if he
thought they were deaf. (loud) (louder and louder)
19. Walk , I can’t keep up with you. (slow)
(slower)
20. This treatment seems to be the
effective of all. (little) (least)

21. These drugs are than those. (good)
(better)
22. Such an uncomplicated operation can be
performed by a able surgeon than Dr. Davis. (little) (less)
23. He is always informed about the
developments in medical research. (late) (latest)
24. I can now walk much than a
fortnight ago. (far) (farther)
25. St. Mary’s hospital has the
equipment in this area. (bad) (worst)
There are useful meanin g s and phras e s speakin g about health and medicine.
I am studying hard for my examinations. I know it’s a very tense (átemptas) and important period
of my studies. The final exams are approaching. Recently I’ve got headaches, couldn’t concentrate,
forgot many things. I couldn’t sleep well and could hardly spend a day at school. I was examined by
our family doctor. He gave me sleeping pilss and some vitamins, that were very effective for a
short while.
The practise of using slimming tablets on a regular basis should not be continued. Most slimming
tablets have an addictive effect. Many slimming tablets contain caffeine which of course is
addictive (þalingas) and gives you a lift and that’s why it is difficult to stop taking them.
Unfortunately, there is no easy way to lose weight if you have a tendency (polinkis) to gain (ágyti)
easily. It means that you really need to watch what you eat all the time. The best way to keep your
weight under control is to develop sensible eating habits by eating three regular, well - balanced
meals a day and doing some regular exercises.
Useful phrase s and words for topic about your health
something aches; a(n) (dull) ache; painful; a(n) slight / severe / sharp pain
feel weak / sick; be sick; vomit
have a temperature; have / catch a cold; a slight / bad / severe cold
have / catch the flu; sneeze
have a headache / sore throat; a slight / bad / severe cough
a pain in the chest; it hurts to breathe
can’t move arm / leg; twist wrist / ankle; break leg / arm / finger
a light / bad / severe cut; cut myself badly; bleed badly; loose a lot of
blood
take some tablets / medicine / drugs; put a cold compress on smth.
Feel someone’s pulse; bandage smth. (sutvarstyti); take someone to hospital;
to put in plaster;
be vaccinated (bûti paskiepytam) ; go on a strict diet; give up smoking; stay off
school / work a week at least
161
limbs - dalis, galūnė (kūno) hips - klubai
jaw - žandikaulis forehead - kakta
tips - galiukas, arbatpinigiai veins - venos, kraujagyslės
vent - orlaidė pore - pora, skylutė
air-passage - oro praėjimas intestine - žarnos
windpipe - kvėpuojamoji gerklė kidney - inkstas
propel - varyti, stimuliuoti pump - pumpuoti
swelling - patinimas expansion - iš(si)plėtimas, ištęsimas

inflation - infliacija
165
decay - gedimas, puvimas, irimas enlarged - padidintas
expanded - išsiplėtęs swollen - sutinęs
cavity - tuštuma, ertmė padding - vatinas (minkšta medžiaga)
refill - iš naujo perpildyti customary - įprastas, paprastas
habitual - įprastas, reguliarus dread - bijoti
wince - krūptelėti, susigūžti (iš skausmo) completion - užbaigimas
diary - dienynas, dienoraštis directory - adresų ar telefonų knyga
register - rejestras, žurnalas unsightly - negražus
gap - tarpas, intervalas slot - prapjova, išpjova
false - padirbtas, dirbtinis spare - atsarginis, rezervinis
167
affectation - apsimetimas disposition - išsidėstymas
inclination - nuolydis, nukrypimas tendency - polinkis
roll of fat - ritinys riebalų ton of flesh - tona mėsos; contour -
kontūras
171
disease - liga (sukelta infekcijos ar
vidinio negalavimo) illness - tipas ar ligos periodas, būklė kūnui ar
protui
trûkstant sveikatos)
sickness - þinomas ligos tipas, sveikatos
sutrikimas aspect - aspektas, poþiûris
contract - sudaryti (sutartá), raukti (antakius) gain - gauti, ágyti
infect - uþkrësti go down - susirgti (tam tikra liga - illness)
go under - skæsti, bankrutuoti go off - iðvykti
go out - iðeiti female - moteriðkas
transmit - perduoti, nusiøsti, perleisti transport - gabenti, perveþti
measles - tymai break in - ásilauþti
break out - kilti (apie epidemijà) break up - nutraukti, iðsiskirstyti
occurrence - atsitikimas anxiety - susirûpinimas, nerimas
judgement - sprendimas, nuomonë relief - palengvinimas, paguoda
infect - uþkrësti bring in - ávesti
bring on - sukelti (ligà) bring out - parodyti, paskelbti
bring up - auklëti, ugdyti conclude - uþbaigti, padaryti iðvadà
diagnose - diagnozuoti get about atsigauti, tapti þinomu, paplisti
comparatively - palyginti scarce - retas, menkas [skees]
slight - silpnas, neþymus, menkas minor illness - maþesnis susirgimas
get over - nugalëti, pasveikti extremely - ypatingai, be galo
utterly [ateli] - labai, be galo, visiðkai lobster - omaras, jûros vëþys
shellfish - vëþiagyvis (bet kuris su kiautu) infect - uþkrësti
sensible - protingas sensitive - jautrus
leak - tekëti, prasisunkti flow - tekëti, pakilti (vandens lygiui)
stream - tekëti, sruventi, lietis incident - atsitikimas, ávykis
outbreak - protrûkis lay down - atsisakyti (darbo), palikti (viltá)
put down - uþsiraðyti, susieti trace down - iðtirti, áþiûrëti, iðtirti
consequence - iðvada, padarinys effect - veiksmas, pasekmë
sneeze - èiaudëti snore - knarkti
spit - prunkðti yawn - þiovauti
184
bare - apnuoginti strip of - nuplëðti, nunerti
cradle - lopðys (vaikui) sling - dirþas (per petá pakabinti0
stretcher - neðtuvai come round - uþeiti; atsigauti

held back - abejoti, trukdyti current - einamasis, paplitæs
habitual - áprastas, reguliarus bear - pakæsti; jausti (kam kà)
cot - vaiko lovelë consciousness - sàmonë
sip - gurkðnis bring back - gràþinti
bring over - patraukti á savo pusæ bring round - atgaivinti (nualpusá)
dumb - nebylus, nekalbus mute - nebylys
speechless - nebylus, tylus voiceless - duslus, be balso, nebylus
crunch - grauþti dreadful - baisus (pvz - oras)
get down to - ánikti (á darbà) get out of - mesti (áprotá)
get rid of - atsikratyti get round to - áveikti
to cure - gydyti to dress perriðti (þaizdà)
heal - uþgydyti, iðgyti gaze - aðtrus þvilgsnis
glimpse - trumpas þvilgsnis (at a glimpse- ið pirmo þ.) apply - pavartoti, panaudoti
compression - (su)spaudimas) contraction - sutrumpinimas
pressure - spaudimas restriction - apribojimas
indifferent - abejingas; nekokybiðkas sling - dirþas (per petá kà pakabinti)
stretcher - neðtuvai prolonged - ilgai trunkàs, uþsitæsæs
186
leave - leidimas, atostogos to pride on - didþiuotis
nourishment - maistas, maitinimas outbreak - protrûkis
outcome - rezultatas, iðdava outlook - vaizdas, poþiûris
apply - panaudoti, pavartoti test - bandyti, tikrinti
highly - labai indication - nurodymas, praneðimas; simptomas
browse through - prabëgomis skaityti look over - perþiûrëti
dilemma - dilema capable - gabus, sugebàs
equal - vienonas, tolygus equip - apginkluiti (þiniomis)
priority - prioritetas, vyresniðkumas emergency - nenumatytas atvejis
urgency - bûtinumas
199
regain - atgauti faded - iðblukæs
disgusted - pasibjaurëjæs, pasipiktinæs troublesome - neramus, varginàs
urgent - bûtinas, primygtinis, neatidëliotinas strain - pervargæ, ásitempæ
reconcile - taikytis, susitaikyti relieve - palengvinti, padëti
evenly - lygiai, vienodai firmly - stipriai, tvirtai
smoothly - sklandþiai, lygiai illlusion - iliuzija, miraþas
image - atvaizdas pick up - pasitaisyti, pagerëti
alive - gyvas, budrus lively - gyvybingas
go round - uþsukti á sveèius absolute - visiðkas, neribotas
complete - pilnas; uþbaigtas (darbas) total - visas, visiðkas, pilnas
get at - prisikasti; prisiskambinti, turëti galvoje get out of - iðimti
get over - nugalëti, áveikti pension - pensija
limbs - galûnës (kûno)
(iki 152 psl)
A Possible. Try this lotion [leuðn] for a few days to stop the itching (sustabdyti nieþëjimà), then
start putting on this powder (milteliai- pudra) at night.

B Unlikely (nepanaðu), but I’ll let you have some cough mixture to relieve the symptoms . You
can get yourself some lozenges [lozindþ] (tabletës) , if you like.
C I would doubt it. Here, rub this cream in for the next few nights to help reduce the swelling
(sumaþinti patinimà).
D No, of course not. But I’ll prescribe some barbiturates (iðraðyti raminanèiø - barbituratø) -
sleeping pills (piliulës) - to help you get a good night’s rest. OK?
E I wouldn’t have thought so. But I’ll give you a prescription for some drops (laðams) to try and
clear it up (iðaiðkinti).
F Well, the X-ray didn’t show anything. It it’s so painful you’d better have some crutches
(ramentai) to walk with and some painkillers to ease the pain .
48.1 Match the diseases with their symptoms.
1 flu A swollen glands in front of ear, earache or pain on eating
2 pneumonia B burning pain in abdomen (pilve), pain or nausea (ðleikðtulys) after
eating
3 rheumatism C rash (odos iðbërimas) starting on body, slightly raised temperature
4 chickenpox D dry cough, high fever, shest pain, rapid breathing
5 mumps (kiaulytë) E headache, aching muscles, fever, cough, sneezing
6 an ulcer (þaizda) F swollen, painful joints, (sànariai), stiffiness, (sustingimas-
nelankstumas), limited movement
48.3 Look at the statements. Which do you think the
doctor said to each of the following patients.
1 Anne with bad sunburn.
2 Jo who’s broken her leg.
3 John who’s off to the Tropics.
4 Paul with flu.
5 Liz with a bad cough.
6 Sam who needs his appendix out.
7 Rose suffering from exhaustion.
8 Alf who’s sprained his wrist.
48.5 What medical problems might you have, if ,,,
1 you wear shoes that rub?
2 you eat too fast?
3 you smoke a lot?
4 you play football?
5 you go skiing?
6 you stay too long in the sun?
7 you eat food you’re allergic to?
8 you run unusually fast for a bus?

9 you eat food that is bad?
10 a mosquito bites you?
11 you get wet on a cold day?
12 you think you’re ill all the time?
48.4 Complete the following table .
Noun adjective verb
breathless
faint
shivery
dislocated
ache
treatment
swollen
Decide which response should follow which question.
1 I’ve got a dull ache in my arm and occasionally, I get a spasm (mëðlungis, spazma). Could it be
a minor fracture (áskilimas), a chipped bone (skilæs, atskilæs kaulas) or something?
2 I’ve got these tiny little bumps (gumbai) all over the back of my neck. Do you think it might be
gland (liauka) trouble?
3 I’ve come out in a rash (mane iðbërë) on my chest. Do you think it could be a skin disease like
dermatitis (odos uþdegimas)?
4 I keep getting short of breath . Is there any way I could be suffering from asthma ?
5 I think I’ve got an ulcer (þaizdelë) in my mouth. Do you think it could be a sign that I’m run
down ? (iðsekæs, sunykæs)
6 I feel so feverish (karðèiuojantis), and I’m sure I’ve got a temperature . I’m afraid that there’s
something wrong with my heart.
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
A Mm, sounds it a bit like it. I’ll make you out a prescription for some penicilin , and some menthol
inhalations might speed up the recovery .
B It’s just possible. I’ll strap it up (suverðiu) anyway and put it in a sling (dirþas per petá). That
should reduce your discomfort quite a lot.
C Oh, I shouldn’t think so, but I think perhaps you ought to start taking these tranquillisers
(raminanèiuosius), to at least get your blood pressure down.
D Oh no, no, no. You’d know if it was. I’ll give you some ointment (tepalas, kremas) to rub in to
get rid of the inflammation (uþdegimas).

E Probably not. I’ll put you on a course of tablets to prevent them from spreading . They should go
soon.
F It might well be. I’ll put you on antibiotics for a while anyway, to lessen the risk of serious
infection.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Practice tasks
1 Write an essay or conversation between the patient and doctor about patient ’s health.
2 List and give reasons for golden rules for keeping healthy
3 Describe the remedies or treatments you have heard of for the complaints and accidents listed
below:
1 a bad burn 3 frostbite
2 nosebleed 4 a cold
Fill in the conversation with the words and expressions given below
a whole working worse
chest
bout ago all the time bad
just here
did exactly have hurts
to breathe
pain problem see smoke
to
Doctor: Good morning, Mr. Harris. What’s the (1) ?
Patient: Well, I’ve got a very bad (2) in my (3) doctor.
Doctor: I (4) . How long (5) you had it? When (6)
it start?
Patient” (7) a week (8) .
Doctor: Do you have the pain (9) ?
Patient: Well, it’s (10) when I get up in the morning. But it’s there the (11)
time, yes. Sometimes it’s so (12) ., it stops
me (13) .
Doctor: Is it bad now?
Patient: Not too god. It really (14) .
Doctor: Do you (15) ?
Patient: Occasionally. One or two (16) day.
Doctor: Now where (17) is the pain?
Patient: (18) .

Doctor: All right. Now I want you (19) in and out slowly, and I’ll listen (20)
your chest.
.
Study and complete the dialogue.
Receptionist: Good afternoon. Dr. Smith’s office. (1) help
you?
Patient: Yes, (2) an appointment (3) the
doctor.
Receptionist: All right. The (4) appointment (5) next
Monday at 4;30.
Patient: I’m sorry, but (6) . I (7) until next week. I (8)
fever ant
(9) stomachache. (10) the doctor
today?
Receptionist? Yes, if (11) , (12) about 2;00, please.
Patient: (13) . Thank you very much.
.
Revise articles.
Put in a, an, the where necessary.
1 I often go to bed late.
2 Have you ever had operation?
3 medical care is free in Fantasia.
4 Do you often have headaches?
5 My brother’s dentist.
6 I don’t get ill very often - perhaps once year
7 National Health Service was set up in Britain in 1946.
8 In many countries you have to pay for medical treatment.
9 If a person goes to a doctor, doctor may give person
prescription for some medicine.
10 The patient takes prescription to pharmacist.
11 people in Great Britain have to pay part of cost of their glasses.
Complete the sentence using the appropriate form of the words given in brackets.
1. Where is the outpatient clinic? (near)
2. Dr. Davis has experience than his younger colleagues. (much)
3. Were there any complications in this case, nurse? (far)
4. Sister Jones is the of seven children. (old)
5. As he grew his health grew . (old, bad)
6. She soon got after her accident. (well)
7. The specialist told me that was the he could do for me. (little)
8. They postpone the operation to a date. (late)
9. Shortly after the operation he was than now. (lame - luoðas, raiðas)

10. His cough grew from day to day. (bad)
11. She felt much after the treatment.
(well)
12. He cleared his throat so as to speak .
(loud)
13. He advised me to be . (calm)
14. That was the treatment I’ve ever
had. (good)
15. Dr. Brown operates than anybody
else I know. (good)
16. He examines me than he did the
first time. (careful)
17. After her recovery she got and
from day to day. (good)
18. His voice grew and as if he
thought they were deaf. (loud)
19. Walk , I can’t keep up with you. (slow)
20. This treatment seems to be the
effective of all. (little)
21. These drugs are than those. (good)
22. Such an uncomplicated operation can be
performed by a able surgeon than Dr. Davis. (little)
23. He is always informed about the
developments in medical research. (late)
24. I can now walk much than a
fortnight ago. (far)
25. St. Mary’s hospital has the
equipment in this area. (bad)
There are useful meanin g s and phras e s speakin g about health and medicine.
I am studying hard for my examinations. I know it’s a very tense (átemptas) and important period
of my studies. The final exams are approaching. Recently I’ve got headaches, couldn’t concentrate,
forgot many things. I couldn’t sleep well and could hardly spend a day at school. I was examined by
our family doctor. He gave me sleeping pilss and some vitamins, that were very effective for a
short while.
The practise of using slimming tablets on a regular basis should not be continued. Most slimming
tablets have an addictive effect. Many slimming tablets contain caffeine which of course is
addictive (þalingas) and gives you a lift and that’s why it is difficult to stop taking them.
Unfortunately, there is no easy way to lose weight if you have a tendency (polinkis) to gain (ágyti)
easily. It means that you really need to watch what you eat all the time. The best way to keep your
weight under control is to develop sensible eating habits by eating three regular, well - balanced
meals a day and doing some regular exercises
Politics and Government
can’t stand - negalėti pakęsti
guilty - kaltas
analyse the situation
compare - palyginti

the officials - pareigūnai
be prepared - būti pasiruošusiam
to put up - taikstytis
starvation - badavimas
unhealthy conditions - nesveikos aplinkybės
robberies - apiplėšimai
closely connected - glaudžiai susieti
to evaluate - įvertinti
public events - vieši atsitikimai, įvykiai
to occur - atsitikti
to avoid - vengti
consequences - padariniai
to care of simple people - pasirūpinti paprastais žmonėmis
be over ears to debts - būti virš ausų skolose
greatest attention - didžiausias dėmesys
freedom lovin nation - laisvę mylinti tauta
to devote all the money - atidėti pinigus
welfare affairs - gerovės reikalai
to govern - valdyti
elected representatives the Seimas - renkami seimo atstovai
elections are held - rinkimai yra rengiami
vice-ministers
to rule the different departments of government
to have the executive power - turėti vykdomosios valdžios galią
the judicial power - teisminę galią
take a part in elections - dalyvauti rinkimuose
to choose personality
who is responsible
promises given before elections
the right to vote - teisė balsuoti
it is high time - yra pats laikas
politival needs - politiniai poreikiai
live in poverty - gyventi skurde
beggars - elgetos
burgling - įsilaužimas (su tikslu apvogti, apiplėšti)
robbery - apiplėšimas (gatvėje)
terrible affairs - baisūs dalykai
empire (over) - viešpatavimas
to rule over - viešpatauti
parliament
Prime Minister
by-election - papildomi rinkimai
ballot - balsavimo (slapto) biuletenis
constituency - rinkiminė apygardastate - valstyvė, valstija
leadership - vadovavimas
the legislative power - įstatymų leidžiamoji valdžia
Crime (nusikaltimas) and Justice (teisingumas)
to distinguish right from wrong - atskirti gera nuo blogo
the standpoint on the surroundings - požiūris į aplinką
to pass unobserved - praeiti nepastebėtam

historical processes - istoriniai procesai
to face - susidurti
difficult period
much confusion and distrust - daug sąmyšio ir nepasitikėjimo
to exist - egzistuoti
the greatest problem
the growth of criminal cases - kriiminalinių atsitikimų augimas
to commit crime - padaryti nusikaltimą
are sentenced to a punishment - yra nuteisiami bausme
hundreds are on trials - šimtai yra teisiami
are acquitted - yra išteisinami
are convicted - yra nuteisiami
to work in searching for murders - dirbti ieškant žudikų
victim - aukato hijack - pagrobti (lektuvą), plėšikauti keliuose
arsons - padegėjai
to set a fire - padegti
to smuggle - verstis kontrabanda
smuggler - kontrabandininkas
manslaughter - žudynės, žmogžudystė, netyčinis nužudymas
shoplifting - parduotuvių apiplėšimas
pick pocket - kišenvagis
peddling - smulkūs nusikaltėliai
social evil - visuomenės blogybė
to bring a charge - nešti atsakomybę
it’s high time - yra pats laikas
unemployment - nedarbas
destroyed industry - sugriauta pramonė
agriculture - žemės ūkis
to live from hand to mouth - sunkiai pragyventi
poverty - skurdas
to satisfy wishes - patenkinti norus
under circumstances - šiomis aplinkybėmis
to deny - neigti
perceive - suvokti, pastebėti
go on - tęsti
cheat - apgaudinėti, sukčiauti
destiny - likimas, lemtis
take control (of) - kontroliuoti
sooner or later - anksčiau ar vėliau
an offence (crime) - nusikaltimas
to accuse (of) - apkaltinti
to plead guilty (not guilty) - pripažinti kaltu (nekaltu)
to defend in court - ginti teisme
to pass verdict on an accused person - paskelbti nuosprendį kaltinamajam
to fine - nubausti pinigine bauda
to release from prison - paleisti iš kalėjimo
evidence - įrodymas, įkaltis
judge - teisėjas
lawyer - advokatas, teisininkas
law - teisė; įstatymas
witness - liudininkas
to be addicted to - būti linkusiam į (ką nors bloga)
addiction - blogas potraukis
hostage - įkaitas
to kidnap - pagrobti (žmogų - reikalaujant už jį išpirkos)

Here are some more useful verbs connected with crime and law. Note that many of them have
particular preposition associated with them.
To commit a crime or an offence; to do something ilegal
to accuse someone of a crime; to say someone is quilty
to charge someone with (murder); to bring someone to court
to plead guilty or not guilty ; (pripažinti) to swear in court that one is guilty or otherwise (kitaip)
to defend / prosecute someone in court; to argue for or against someone in a trial
to pass verdict on an accused person; (priimti sprendimą) to decide whether they are guilty or
not
to sentence someone to a punishment ; (nuteisti bausme) what the judge does after a verdict
of guilty
to acquit an accused person of a charge; (išteisinti) to decide in court that someone is not
guilty (the opposite of to convict (pripažinti kaltu) someone)
to fine someone a sum of money; to punish someone by making them to pay
to send someone to prison ; to punish someone by putting them in prison
to release someone from prison / jail ; (paleisti) to set someone free after a prison sentence
to be tried ; (būti teistam) to have a case judged in court
Here are some useful nouns.
Trial ; (teisminis procesas, byla) process in court whereby (kuo, kokiu būdu) an accused person
is investigated (ištiriamas) or tried (teisiamas) , and then found guilty or not guilty
case ; (byla) a crime that is being investigated
evidence ; (akivaizdumas) information used in a court of law to decide whether the accused is
guilty or not
proof ; (įrodymas) evidence that shows conclusively [kenklu:sivli] (galutinai) whether something
is a fact or not
verdict ; (nuosprendis) the decision guilty or not
judge ; the person who leads a trial and decides on the sentence
jury ; (prisiekusieji) group of twelve citizens who decide whether the accused is guilty or not
Law and order, crime and punishment
Below you see the story of an extraordinary (nepaprasta, sudėtinga) case in British legal
(įstatyminėje) history. The affair started in 1349 and was finally closed in 1966.
At the moment, there are a number of gaps in the story. Use the words below to complete it.
Trial (teisminis procesas) custody (areštas, saugojimas)
convicted (pripažintas kaltu) jury (prisiekusieji)
arrested appeal (apeliuoti, kreiptis, apeliacija)
pardon (atleidimas, dovanojimas) apprehended (areštuotas, suimtas)
suspect statement (pareiškimas,tvirtinimas,konstatavimas)
confessed (prisipažinęs) guilty
enquiry (x 2) klausinėti, tyrinėti execution (įvykdymas, mirties bausmė)
innocent drop (sumažinti, numesti)
judges hunt (medžioti)

tried (teistas) deny (neigti)
court
sentenced (nuteistas)
charged (apkaltintas)
plea (pasiteisinimas, ginamoji kalba)
execute (įvykdyti mirties bausmę,įsakymą)
Q U IZ (page 186)
suicide - savižudis, savižudybė suspected - įtariamasis to assault - užpulti
to commit suicide - nusižudyti culprit - kaltinimas set a trap - paspęsti spąstus
victim - auka armed thieves - ginkluoti vagys break the law - sulaužyti įst.
plead - prašyti, pareikšti accomplice - bendrininkas divorce - skyrybos
plead guilty - pripažinti kaltu intruder - grobikas, įsiveržėlis legal separation - įst.persisk.
prosecute - (teis. Persekioti teismo keliu lounge - poilsio kambarys alimony - [elimeni] alimentai
charge - kaltinimas legal right - įstatyminė teisė ex-husband - buvęs vyras
mercy- killing - gailestingas nužudymas (kai iš gailesčio nužudomas žmogus - dažniausiai kenčiantis didelius
skausmus arba nuo sunkkios ligos)
capital punishment - mirties nuosprendis
to abolish - panaikinti
society - visuomenė
criminal law - nusikaltėlių įstatymas
a civil matter - piliečių dalykas, reikalas
individual - asmenybė
joint guilt - bendra kaltė
self-defence - savigyna
P R A C T IS E (page 186)
blackmail - šantažas
kidnapping
arson - padegimas
trespassing - sienos pažeidimas
manslaughter - žmogžudystė, netyčinis nužudymas
smuggling - vertimasis kontrabanda
forgery - suklastojimas, klastotė
baby- or wife- battering - vaiko ar žmonos mušimas
fraud - apgavimas, sukčiavimas, t.p. sukčius
mugging - apiplėšimas panaudojant smurtą
shoplifting
hijacking
bribery - kyšininkavimas
petty theft - smulki vagystė
Which of the above would or could involve the following? Write about the
possible ways.
Counterfeit money - padirbti pinigai
pornography
hostage - įkaitas
a ransom - išpirka
contraband
store detective
Write and discuss the answers to these questions:
1 Which aspects of the law seem unsatisfactory to you? (nepatenkinami, nepakankami)
2 What - in detail - would happen to you in your country if you were cought:
a speeding in your car

b with a gun in your pocket
c breaking into a house
d driving along the road and knocking the little girl down who ran into the road
Write your own story of a very unfortunate man, who was stopped by the police. Write where, when
and why he was stopped and what happened next. Give the ending of the story too.
1. Below you see the story of an extraordinary case in British legal history. (The Capital punishment
was abolished there in 1960). The affair started in 1949 and was finally closed in 1966.
At the moment, there are a number of gaps in the story. Use the words given below to complete it.
Trial confessed court custody
guilty
convicted enquiry (x2) sentenced jury
execution
arrested innocent charged appeal
dropped
pardon judges plea apprehended
hunt
suspect tried executed statements
denied
The story began when a man called Timothy Evans was 1 for the murder of his
wife and baby. He was 2 with the double murder, but a short time later one of
the charges was 3 and he was 4 for the murder of
his daughter only. During the 5 Evans accused the man whose house he had
been living in, John Christie, of the crimes, but no attention was paid to him. The 6 found
Evans 7 and he was 8 to death. An 9 was
turned down and he was 10 in 1950.
Some time later, more women’s bodies were discovered in Christie’s house: two, three, four, five,
six. John Christie was the police’s chief 11 and they started a nationwide
(visaliaudinis) 12 for him. He was soon 13 . Alleged
(tvirtinti, nurodyti, remtis) 14 by Christie while he was in 15
cast doubt on the Evans hanging. When he went to 16 , Christie 17 that
he had murdered Mrs Evans, but in private it was said that he 18 to that
crime. His 19 of insanity (pamišimas) with regard to other murders was rejected and he
was 20 of killing his wife.
Soon afterwards there was an 21 into the 22 of Timothy
Evans. The 23 decided that justice had been done and Evans had been rightly hanged. It
was only in 1966 that another 24 was set up. This time it was decided that Evans had
probably been 25 and he was given a free 26 . Better late than never, as
they say.
A n s w e r s: 1 - arested, 2 - charged, 3 - dropped, 4 - tried, 5 - trial, 6 - jury, 7 - guilty, 8 -
sentenced, 9 - appeal, 10 - executed, 11 - suspect, 12 - hunt, 13 - apprehended, 14 -
statements, 15 - custody, 16 - court, 17 - denied, 18 - confessed, 19 - plea , 20 - convicted, 21 -
enquiry, 22 - execution, 23 - judges, 24 - enquiry, 25 - innocent, 26 - pardon.
2. QuiZ
Now a quiz on some points of law. Give the explanations where it is possible.
1 Is it a crime to try and kill yourself?
2 It it illegal to help somebody to commit suicide?
3 Can you be executed for murdering a policeman?

4 If, after a murder, all the victim’s relatives plead: “Olease don’t prosecute,; can charges against
the suspected culprit be dropped?
5 If two armed thieves break into a house, guns in hand, and one of them shoots and kills the
house-owner, is his accomplice guilty of murder?
6 If I surprise an intruder in my lounge at night stealing my millions, have I a legal right to assault
him with a weapon?
7 If I set a trap - a fifty- kilo weight just above the front door - for any burglars who might try and
enter the house, am I breaking the law?
8 After a divorce or legal separation, can a wife to require her ex-husband to pay alimony?
A n s w e r s:
1 No, killing yourself isn’t admitted as a murder or a crome.
2 Yes, even mercy- killing is against the law.
3 No, Capital punishment was abolished in the 1960s
4 No. Murder is a crime against society (this involve criminal law) and not just a civil matter
between individuals.
5 Yes. Joint guilt. In the eyes of the law, both are guilty
6 No - at least, only in self-defence
7 Yes, it isn’t aloowed by law to set a trap
8 Yes, in our country the law require children’s father to support them until children are 18.
55.1 Put the right form of either rob or steal in the sentences below.
1 Last night an armed gang the post office. They 2000 pounds.
(robbed, stole)
2 My handbag at the theatre yesterday. (was stolen)
3 Every year large numbers of banks (are robbed) .
4 Jane of the opportunity to stand for president. (stand for - būti
kandidatu) (was robed)
55.3 Fill the blanks in the paragraph below with the verbs associated with crime ’s
dictionary.
One of the two accused men 1 at yesterday’s trial. Although his lawyer 2
him very well, he was still found guilty by the jury. The judge 3 him to two years
in prison. He’ll probably 4 after eighteen months. The other accused man was
luckier. He 5 and left the courtroom smiling broadly.
A n s w e r s: 1 - was convicted, 2 - defended, 3 - sentenced, 4 - be released, 5 -
was acquitted.
55.4 Here are some words connected with law and crime. Divide into three groups, in
what seems to you to be the most logical way.
Theft; witness; detective; probation (bandomasis laikotarpis); drunken driving; member
of a jury; prison; hijacking; lawyer; judge; fine; flogging (mušimas, čaižymas rimbu);
death penalty; smuggling (vertimasis kontrabanda); bribery; community service (darbas
visuomenei); rape (išprievartavimas).
A n s w e r s:
Crimes: theft, hijacking, smuggling, bribery, drunken- driving, rape
Punishments: prison, flogging, death- penalty, probation, community service, fine
People connected with the law: witness, detective, lawyer, judge, members of a jury.
55.5 Look at all the crimes named in this unit. Look at all the given words and remember
words you ’ve alredy learnt and they are connected with crime, justice, law, punishment. Which
crimes do you think are the three most serious and the three least serious? Give your own
reasons.

55.6 Write a paragraph to fit this newspaper headline. Give some details about the crime
and the court case, using as many words from the unit about the crime, punishment, justice,
law, order.
“ Local girl’s evidence gets mugger two years prison”
mugger - plėšikas (panaudojant smurtą)
71 Put the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
Bigamy - dvipatystė civil - piliečių classes
community - visuomenė
countries crimes criminal law felony -
kriminalinis nusikalt.
fine forgery - klastotė laws life
imprisonment - įkalini-
misdemeanour [misdimi:ne] offences - nusižengimai penalty - bausmė mas
iki gyvenimo pabaigos
baudžiamasis nusižengimas state - visuomenė term - periodas, terminas
person
prison treason -
išdavimas
Crime violates (grubiai pažeidžia) the laws of a community , 1 , or nation. It is
punishable in accordance with (pagal) these 2 . The definition of crime varies according
to time and place, but the laws of most 3 consider as crimes such 4 as
arson, 5 , burglary, 6 , murder, and 7 Not all offences
(nusižengimai) against the law are. 8 . The laws that set down (išdėstyti, užrašyti)
the punishments for crimes form the 9 . This law defines (nustatyti, pabrėžti) as
crimes those offences considered (laikomas) most harmful to the 10 . On the other
hand, a 11 may wrong someone else in some other way that offends (nagrinėja) the
12 law.
The common law recognizes three 13 of crime treason (nusižengimas,
piktnaudžiavimas), 14 , and misdemeanour. Death or 15 is the usual
16 for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define a felony as a crime that
is punishable by a 17 of one year or more in a state or federal 18 . A person
who commits a 19 may be punished by a 20 or a jail term of less than one
year.
Answers: 1-state, 2-laws, 3-countries, 4-offences, 5-bigamy, 6-forgery, 7-treason, 8-crimes, 9 -
criminal law, 10-community, 11-person, 12-civil, 13-classes, 14-felony, 15-life imprisonment, 16-penalty,
17-term, 18-prison, 19-misdemeanour, 20-fine.
73
guerillas - partizanas charge with - kaltinti
regulations - taisyklės, nuostatai breach - sulaužymas (sutarties), spraga
direspect - nepagarba observance - įstatymo laikymasis, paisymas
cover - apimti, aprėpti, dengti homicide - žmogžudys(tė), žudikas
suicide - savižudis (ybė) liable - įpareigotas, atsakingas
persecute - persekioti, įkyrėti prosecute - persekioti (teismo keliu)
constituent - rinkiminis division - padalijimas, skyrius, dalis
element - elementas, sudėtinė dalis portion - dalis, davinys
burst - sprogti, pratrūkti forced - priverstinis
smash ed - sudužęs, sulūžęs race (dovn) - vyti, lenktyniauti, varyti
blare - garsiai staugti bereave - atimti, išplėšti
deprive - atimti (of) extort - išplėšti, prievarta išgauti
sober - blaivus, sveikai mąstantis, protingas steady - pastovus, tvirtas

sue - patraukti į teismą bring about - iššaukti, būti priežastimi
carry out - atlikti, įvykdyti to plot - sudaryti planą; intriguoti, ruošti
sąmokslą
conspirator - sąmokslininkas demolition - sugriovimas, ardymas
overthrow - nuvertimas (vyriausybės), pralaimėjimas scatter - išsklaidyti, išmėtyti
sow - (ap)sėti stray - paklysti, iškrypti
disguise - maskuotė, persirengimas take away - paimti, nunešti, pašalinti
take down - nuimti, užrašyti, nugriauti take in - priimti (svečią); apgauti
take up - pakelti, užimti red-handed - kruvinomis rankomis
true blue - mėlynos spalvos camouflaged [kemefla:ž] - užsimaskavęs
counterfeit - suklastotas fake - padirbtas, suklastotas
fraudulent - apgavikiškas blackmail - šantažas
bribery - papirkimas, kyšininkavimas notorious - [neuto:ties] - visiems žinomas
gang - gauja, bloga companija strode (stride) - žengti did.žings., peržengti
wander - klajoti, keliauti, bastytis
74
arsonist - padegėjas enforce - versti, paklusti
carry out - atlikti, įvykdyti violence - smurtas, prievartavimas
an assassin - pasamdytas žudikas claim - pareikšti
an embezzler - asmuo pasisavinęs ar iššvaistęs
svetimus pinigus forger - pinigų klastotojas
a fraud - sukčius worthless - nieko nevertas
a mugger - plėšikas (gatvės) set fire - padegti
poacher - brakonierius racketeer - reketininkas
smuggler - kontrabandininkas disturbance - neramumas, bruzdėjimas
75
invade - įsiveržti loot - grobti, plėšti
ransack - apieškoti, padaryti kratą high- pitched sound - skardaus tono garsas
eject - išvaryti, išmesti, iškraustyti emit - skleisti, spinduliuoti
expel - išvaryti, išmesti (iš organizacijos) exclude - išskirti; pašalinti (iš organizacijos)
fist - kumštis clench suspausti (kumštį)
clutch - (pa)griebti, suspausti grip - pagriebti, suspausti
haul - laimikis, grobis, trofėjus loot - pinigai, turtas
snatch - pagavimas presence - buvimas
betray - išduoti floorboard - stora grindų lenta
crack - braškėti creak - girgždėti
crunch - girgždėti (po kojomis) groan - dejuoti
smuggler - kontrabandininkas consistently - nuosekliai, pastoviai
flaunt - puikuoti, mojuoti [vėliava) float - sklisti (ore), plukdyti
flout - niekinti, prieštarauti intact - nepaliestas, nesugadintas
intruder - grobikas, įsiveržėlis maul - sukandžioti, draskyti
violate - pažeisti (įstatymą) hinder - trukdyti
tamper - kištis, liesti, gadinti clutch - griebti, suspausti
grip - suspausti, pagriebti snatch - pagauti, pagriebti, išplėšti
withdraw - atsiimti
77
deposition - nuosėdos unruly - nesuvaldomai, nepaklusniai
congregation - susirinkimas, susikaupimas mob - prastuomenė, minia
foul play - žiaurus nusikaltimas discount - abejoti (žiniomis, pasakojimu)
neglect - nesirūpinti, užleisti omit - neįtraukti, nepatikėti, nepaisyti
overlook - praleisti, nepastebėti the assailant - užpuolikas
immovable - nekilnojamas (turtas), nejudamas, tvirtas lifeless - miręs, negyvas, negyvybingas
motionless - nejudąs static - stabilus, nejudamas
bewilder - suklaidinti, sugluminti, supainioti confuse - sumaišyti, supainioti

merge - įtraukti, įsiurbti batten - sutvirtinti (lentelėmis)
cordon off - užblokuoti fasten - sutvirtinti
shutter - pakabinti, uždaryti (langines) device - priemonė, būdas
snare - spąstai, žabangos trap - pinklės, spąstai
certify - paliudyti, laiduoti; pažymėti justify - patvirtinti (faktais)
verify - patvirtinti, paliudyti; patikrinti deductive - išskaitomas
suggestive - sukeliantis mintis, gundantis suspicious - įtarus, įtartimas
recheck - patikrinti iš naujo thoughtful - susimąstęs, rūpestingas
investigate - ištirti seek - ieškoti
to reveal - atskleisti identity - tabatybė
confine - apriboti, confirm - patvirtinti
handle - paimti in possession of - turįs
invasion - įsiveržimas raid - antpuolis, reidas
constable - policininkas confinement - įkalinimas, apribojimas
custody - saugojimas, globa detection - išaiškinimas, susekimas
guardianship - globa compel - priversti, prispirti
enforce - įgyvendinti, įsigalioti (apie įstatymą) press - spausti, raginti
observer - stebėtojas onlooker - (atsitiktinis) liudininkas
spectator - žiūrovas, stebėtojas site - vieta
intense - smarkus, intensyvus, stiprus thorough - kruopštus, nuodugnus
stand well clear of - stovėti pakankammame atstume
kad nepasiekti ranka) measure - priemonė
affective - emocinis, emocingas effective - efektyvus, įspūdingas
efficient - veiksmingas, efektyvus ineffective - neefektyvus, neveiklus
78
accused - apkaltintas charged - apkaltintas (teismo keliu)
convicted - pripažintas kaltu, nuteistas interrogated - kvočiamas, klausinėjamas,
tardomas
paroled - paleidžiamas (pasitikint garbės žodžiu) tried - teisiamas
79
barrister - advokatas counsel - pasitarimas; advokatas
dispute - ginčas arbitration - arbitražas
settle - nuspręsti, prieiti išvadą relation - santykis, ryšys
bear - turėti, palaikyti omment - paiškinimas, komentaras
reflect - atspindėti ensure - apdrausti, užtikrinti
autopsy - skrodimass, inquiry - paklausimas, apklausa
interrogation - tardymas blackmail - šantažas
erase - ištrinti, išskusti disturbance - neramumas, trukdymas
deny - neigti neglect - nesirūpinti, užleisti
resist - priešintis, atsispirti; susilaikyti testify - liudyti, duoti parodymus
on behalf of - kieno nors vardu onlooker - (atsitiktinis) liudininkas
evil deed - velniškas poelgis, veiksmas pure - tikras, grynas, tyras
lack of evidence - akivaizdumo, įrodymo trūkumas discard - išmesti (kortą), nusimesti
(pareigų)
dismiss - nutraukti (svarstymą); atleisti resign - atsiskyti (pareigų)
crucial - sprendžiamas, lemiamas forcible - veiksmingas, įtikinamas
supreme - aukščiausias extradition - nusikaltėlio išdavimas
preceeding - teismo procedūra bar from - nušalinti
deport - išsiūsti, ištremti export - išvežti
79
intern - internuoti (gydytoją) scar - randas
trace - pėdsakas offence - nusižengimas

oppress - slėgti, engti, spausti repress - numalšinti, nuslopinti
suppress - nuslėpti, nutylėti (tiesą) cross-examination - kryžmimė apklausa
barrister - advokatas trial - teisminis procesas
condemn - išduiti, įrodyti kaltę convict - nuteisti, pripažinti kaltu
convince - įtikinti (of) penalise - bausti
outclass - viršyti, pralenkti outnumber - viršyti skaičiumi
overcome - įveikti supersede - pakeisti, išstumti
hopeful - viltingas, daug žadantis barrister - advokatas
prospective - būsimas, laukiamas wishful - trokštąs (ką padaryti)
lawsuit - procesas, byla, ieškinys assault - užpulti
contradict - prieštarauti, paneigti decline - atmesti, nukrypti
affirm [efe:m] - patvirtinti allege - tvirtinti, nurodyti, remtis
80
sentence - nuosprendis verdict - teismo sprendimas
hard - kietas, tvirtas pickpocket - kišenvagis
combine - derinti account - pranešimas
coincide [keinsaid] - sutapti reconcile - suderinti, susitaikyti
testify - paliudyti, duoti parodymus bear out - patvirtinti
defendant - atsakovas; kaltinamasis claim - reikalauti, pareikšti
obstacle - kliūtis, trukdymas restriction - apribojimas
veto - veto, veto teisė accusation - kaltinimas
basis - pagrindas foothold - atramos taškas
framework - griaučiai, karkasas sue - patraukti į teismą
put over - užbaigti, pasiekti tikslą (amer.) convincingly - įtikinamai
82
austere - griežtas; aitrus, aštrus severe - griežtas, žiaurus, smarkus
vigorous - stiprus, energingas defendant - atsakovas
propose - siūlyti appeal - apeliuoti, kreiptis
ringleader - lyderis, iniciatorius suspended - pakibęs, sustabdytas
get away - pabėgti, išeiti, išvykti get off with - išvengti, išsigelbėti
get through - susitvarkyti, įveikti on probation - bandomajam laikotarpiui
offender - nusikaltėlis, pažeidėjas assign - paskirti
assimilate - sulyginti associate - susijungti, susivienyti
assume - prisiimti, pasisavinti lenient - atlaidus, švelnus
tolerant - tolerantiškas, pakantus bid - liepti, įsakyti
debate - apgalvoti, svarstyti dispute - ginčytis, svarstyti
plead - ginti (teisme), prašyti, pareikšti innocence - nekaltumas
absolve - atleisti, dovanoti, išteisinti acquit - išteisinti (of)
pardon - atleisti, dovanoti, pasigailėti hardened - užsigrūdinęs, užkietėjęs
scrap - skutelis, gabaliukasbausmė penance - atgaila, bausmė
remorse - sąžinės graužimas, gailestis reproach - priekaištas
commute - sumažinti bausmę base - pagrindas, bazė, pamatas
ground - pagrindas, gruntas pipe - vamzdis
deny - neigti deprive - atimti (of)
remove - pašalinti
prosecutor - ieškovas parodymas - evidence
public prosecutor - prokuroras civilinis ieškinys - civil action
Supreme Court - aukščiausias teismas sue/prosecute smb action against smb - pareikšti
ieškinį
nagrinėti bylą teisme - by a case support an actio - palaikyti ieškinį
nagrinėti - examine right of action - teisė į ieškinį
liudytojo parodymas - testimony interrogate - klausinėti, kvosti

Write and discuss the answers to these questions:
1 Which aspects of the law seem unsatisfactory to you? (nepatenkinami, nepakankami)
2 What - in detail - would happen to you in your country if you were cought:
a speeding in your car
b with a gun in your pocket
c breaking into a house
d driving along the road and knocking the little girl down who ran into the road
Write your own story of a very unfortunate man, who was stopped by the police. Write where, when
and why he was stopped and what happened next. Give the ending of the story too.
1. Below you see the story of an extraordinary case in British legal history. (The Capital punishment
was abolished there in 1960). The affair started in 1949 and was finally closed in 1966.
At the moment, there are a number of gaps in the story. Use the words given below to complete it.
Trial confessed court custody
guilty
convicted enquiry (x2) sentenced jury
execution
arrested innocent charged appeal
dropped
pardon judges plea apprehended
hunt
suspect tried executed statements
denied
The story began when a man called Timothy Evans was 1 for the murder of his
wife and baby. He was 2 with the double murder, but a short time later one of
the charges was 3 and he was 4 for the murder of
his daughter only. During the 5 Evans accused the man whose house he had
been living in, John Christie, of the crimes, but no attention was paid to him. The 6 found
Evans 7 and he was 8 to death. An 9 was
turned down and he was 10 in 1950.
Some time later, more women’s bodies were discovered in Christie’s house: two, three, four, five,
six. John Christie was the police’s chief 11 and they started a nationwide
(visaliaudinis) 12 for him. He was soon 13 . Alleged
(tvirtinti, nurodyti, remtis) 14 by Christie while he was in 15
cast doubt on the Evans hanging. When he went to 16 , Christie 17 that
he had murdered Mrs Evans, but in private it was said that he 18 to that
crime. His 19 of insanity (pamišimas) with regard to other murders was rejected and he
was 20 of killing his wife.
Soon afterwards there was an 21 into the 22 of Timothy
Evans. The 23 decided that justice had been done and Evans had been rightly hanged. It
was only in 1966 that another 24 was set up. This time it was decided that Evans had
probably been 25 and he was given a free 26 . Better late than never, as
they say.
2. QuiZ
Now a quiz on some points of law. Give the explanations where it is possible.

1 Is it a crime to try and kill yourself?
2 It it illegal to help somebody to commit suicide?
3 Can you be executed for murdering a policeman?
4 If, after a murder, all the victim’s relatives plead: “Olease don’t prosecute,; can charges against
the suspected culprit be dropped?
5 If two armed thieves break into a house, guns in hand, and one of them shoots and kills the
house-owner, is his accomplice guilty of murder?
6 If I surprise an intruder in my lounge at night stealing my millions, have I a legal right to assault
him with a weapon?
7 If I set a trap - a fifty- kilo weight just above the front door - for any burglars who might try and
enter the house, am I breaking the law?
8 After a divorce or legal separation, can a wife to require her ex-husband to pay alimony?
55.1 Put the right form of either rob or steal in the sentences below.
1 Last night an armed gang the post office. They 2000 pounds.
2 My handbag at the theatre yesterday.
3 Every year large numbers of banks
4 Jane of the opportunity to stand for president. (stand for - būti
kandidatu)
55.3 Fill the blanks in the paragraph below with the verbs associated with crime ’s
dictionary.
One of the two accused men 1 at yesterday’s trial. Although his lawyer 2
him very well, he was still found guilty by the jury. The judge 3 him to two years
in prison. He’ll probably 4 after eighteen months. The other accused man was
luckier. He 5 and left the courtroom smiling broadly.
55.4 Here are some words connected with law and crime. Divide into three groups, in
what seems to you to be the most logical way.
Theft; witness; detective; probation (bandomasis laikotarpis); drunken driving; member
of a jury; prison; hijacking; lawyer; judge; fine; flogging (mušimas, čaižymas rimbu);
death penalty; smuggling (vertimasis kontrabanda); bribery; community service (darbas
visuomenei); rape (išprievartavimas).
55.5 Look at all the crimes named in this unit. Look at all the given words and remember
words you ’ve alredy learnt and they are connected with crime, justice, law, punishment. Which
crimes do you think are the three most serious and the three least serious? Give your own
reasons.
55.6 Write a paragraph to fit this newspaper headline. Give some details about the crime
and the court case, using as many words from the unit about the crime, punishment, justice,
law, order.
“ Local girl’s evidence gets mugger two years prison”
mugger - plėšikas (panaudojant smurtą)

71 Put the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
Bigamy - dvipatystė civil - piliečių classes
community - visuomenė
countries crimes criminal law felony -
kriminalinis nusikalt.
fine forgery - klastotė laws life
imprisonment - įkalini-
misdemeanour [misdimi:ne] offences - nusižengimai penalty - bausmė mas
iki gyvenimo pabaigos
baudžiamasis nusižengimas state - visuomenė term - periodas, terminas
person
prison treason -
išdavimas
Crime violates (grubiai pažeidžia) the laws of a community , 1 , or nation. It is
punishable in accordance with (pagal) these 2 . The definition of crime varies according
to time and place, but the laws of most 3 consider as crimes such 4 as
arson, 5 , burglary, 6 , murder, and 7 Not all offences
(nusižengimai) against the law are. 8 . The laws that set down (išdėstyti, užrašyti)
the punishments for crimes form the 9 . This law defines (nustatyti, pabrėžti) as
crimes those offences considered (laikomas) most harmful to the 10 . On the other
hand, a 11 may wrong someone else in some other way that offends (nagrinėja) the
12 law.
The common law recognizes three 13 of crime treason (nusižengimas,
piktnaudžiavimas), 14 , and misdemeanour. Death or 15 is the usual
16 for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define a felony as a crime that
is punishable by a 17 of one year or more in a state or federal 18 . A person
who commits a 19 may be punished by a 20 or a jail term of less than one
year.

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