Shows molecular shapes and how to predict them. Also,how shape effects molecular properties.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
1) The document discusses molecular geometry and bonding theories, specifically focusing on valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
2) VSEPR theory states that the geometry of a molecule is determined by electron pair-electron pair repulsion and the arrangement of electron pairs that minimizes this repulsion.
3) There are five fundamental molecular geometries - linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral - which are determined by counting the number of electron pairs around the central atom.
The document discusses molecular geometry and how the shapes of molecules can be predicted using the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. It defines key terms like bonding pairs, lone pairs, and electron domains. It then provides examples of different molecular shapes like linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral along with example molecules and diagrams.
VSEPR theory is used to determine molecular shape based on minimizing electron pair repulsion. Shared and lone electron pairs repel each other, pushing bonds at angles less than 180°. Molecular shape is determined by the number of electron groups around a central atom, known as the steric number. Common molecular shapes include linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral and octahedral. Hybridization involves mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals used in bonding to explain molecular geometry and angles.
This document lists various molecular compounds and their electron domain geometry and molecular geometry. For each compound, it provides the electron domain geometry, which is the shape of the electron domains around the central atom, and the molecular geometry, which is the shape of the molecule. Common electron domain geometries include linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. The molecular geometries then reflect the electron domain geometry or may be a distorted version of it.
The document discusses atomic structure and chemical bonding. It covers Rutherford's experiment, Neils Bohr's atomic model, electron configurations, orbital shapes and orientations, molecular shapes, and ionic and covalent bonding. It also describes the preparation of molten magnesium chloride through heating magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide, and its electrolysis.
1. The document discusses how to determine the shape of covalent molecules by counting electrons and bonded pairs to identify the molecular geometry.
2. Regular covalent molecules follow set geometries based on the number of bonded pairs, such as linear for 2 pairs and tetrahedral for 4 pairs.
3. Irregular molecules have lone electron pairs that cause bond angles to decrease from the regular geometry by approximately 2.5 degrees per lone pair.
This document discusses molecular geometries and bonding theories. It introduces valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, which predicts molecular shapes based on electron domains. Different electron domain geometries (linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, etc.) correspond to specific molecular geometries. Hybrid orbital theory is also discussed as a way to explain how atoms combine orbitals to form bonds with certain geometries like sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridization. The document covers sigma and pi bonding, resonance structures, and how molecular orbital theory also describes bonding.
1) Atoms form chemical bonds in order to attain a stable electron configuration with 8 valence electrons, known as an octet.
2) There are three main types of bonds: ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons to become ions, covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons, and metallic bonds involve delocalized electrons distributed among positively charged metal ions.
3) Whether a bond is ionic or covalent depends on the electronegativity of the atoms involved - ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.
1) The document discusses molecular geometry and bonding theories, specifically focusing on valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
2) VSEPR theory states that the geometry of a molecule is determined by electron pair-electron pair repulsion and the arrangement of electron pairs that minimizes this repulsion.
3) There are five fundamental molecular geometries - linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral - which are determined by counting the number of electron pairs around the central atom.
The document discusses molecular geometry and how the shapes of molecules can be predicted using the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. It defines key terms like bonding pairs, lone pairs, and electron domains. It then provides examples of different molecular shapes like linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral along with example molecules and diagrams.
VSEPR theory is used to determine molecular shape based on minimizing electron pair repulsion. Shared and lone electron pairs repel each other, pushing bonds at angles less than 180°. Molecular shape is determined by the number of electron groups around a central atom, known as the steric number. Common molecular shapes include linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral and octahedral. Hybridization involves mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals used in bonding to explain molecular geometry and angles.
This document lists various molecular compounds and their electron domain geometry and molecular geometry. For each compound, it provides the electron domain geometry, which is the shape of the electron domains around the central atom, and the molecular geometry, which is the shape of the molecule. Common electron domain geometries include linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. The molecular geometries then reflect the electron domain geometry or may be a distorted version of it.
The document discusses atomic structure and chemical bonding. It covers Rutherford's experiment, Neils Bohr's atomic model, electron configurations, orbital shapes and orientations, molecular shapes, and ionic and covalent bonding. It also describes the preparation of molten magnesium chloride through heating magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide, and its electrolysis.
1. The document discusses how to determine the shape of covalent molecules by counting electrons and bonded pairs to identify the molecular geometry.
2. Regular covalent molecules follow set geometries based on the number of bonded pairs, such as linear for 2 pairs and tetrahedral for 4 pairs.
3. Irregular molecules have lone electron pairs that cause bond angles to decrease from the regular geometry by approximately 2.5 degrees per lone pair.
This document discusses molecular geometries and bonding theories. It introduces valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, which predicts molecular shapes based on electron domains. Different electron domain geometries (linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, etc.) correspond to specific molecular geometries. Hybrid orbital theory is also discussed as a way to explain how atoms combine orbitals to form bonds with certain geometries like sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridization. The document covers sigma and pi bonding, resonance structures, and how molecular orbital theory also describes bonding.
1) Atoms form chemical bonds in order to attain a stable electron configuration with 8 valence electrons, known as an octet.
2) There are three main types of bonds: ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons to become ions, covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons, and metallic bonds involve delocalized electrons distributed among positively charged metal ions.
3) Whether a bond is ionic or covalent depends on the electronegativity of the atoms involved - ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.
The document provides information about organic chemistry compounds including their structures, functional groups, and naming conventions. It discusses the basic components of organic molecules like carbon and hydrogen and how carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds. It also summarizes different types of organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, and compounds containing common functional groups. Examples are given to illustrate concepts like structural isomers, chiral carbons, and cis/trans isomers.
The document discusses several key concepts in quantum mechanics:
- Electrons exist in distinct energy levels around the nucleus, originally conceived as orbits but now understood as areas of high probability.
- Light and subatomic particles have both wave and particle properties, described by Planck, De Broglie, and photons.
- Quantum numbers (n, l, m, s) define the distinct energy states of electrons in atoms, analogous to a unique address.
Explains interaction of forces in non accelerating systems
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Walt Sautter is a 68-year-old retired chemistry and physics teacher and wrestling coach interested in writing, golf, computers, and physical fitness. He has written several books available on Smashwords including The Blood of Judas about a Jewish woman and her relationship during the Holocaust, The Divine Comedy MMIX about a modern take on Jesus returning, Fish Farm about a man seeking revenge on his former employer, and Coach about the secrets of a small rural town and its beloved football coach. Videos trailers for some of the books can be found on YouTube.
Uses the Law of Conservation of Momentum and describes momentum, impulse, elastic and inelastic collisions as well as explosions.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
The document discusses the laws of universal gravitation and how they relate to weight, mass, and satellite motion. It describes how the force of gravitational attraction decreases with the square of the distance between masses and explains that weight is a measure of the gravitational force on a mass. It then applies these concepts to discuss how gravity and weight differ on other planets and elevations from Earth's surface. The document concludes by summarizing Kepler's laws of planetary motion, including that the square of an orbiting body's period is directly proportional to the cube of the average orbital radius.
What are vectors? How to add and subtract vectors using graphics and components.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Describes wave motion in general and specifically sound waves
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Shows step by step how to solve typical accelerated motion problems in physics.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Discusses projectile motion as two dimensional motion.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Basic algebra, trig and calculus needed for physics.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Use principles of reflection and refraction to describe how lenses and mirrors work.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Describes displacement, velocity, acceleration as vectors and distance and speed as scalars, Show all needed equations and their use.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Describes electrostatic principles and concepts.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Discusses Ohm's Law and current electricity and related to energy transfer in circuits.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Explains circular motion and compared it to linear motion.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Explain work, energy and power. The Law of Conservation of Energy is utilized as well as conservative and non conservative systems.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Shows the trends in atomic size, ion size, electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity and metal vs. non metal properties.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
The document provides information about organic chemistry compounds including their structures, functional groups, and naming conventions. It discusses the basic components of organic molecules like carbon and hydrogen and how carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds. It also summarizes different types of organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, and compounds containing common functional groups. Examples are given to illustrate concepts like structural isomers, chiral carbons, and cis/trans isomers.
The document discusses several key concepts in quantum mechanics:
- Electrons exist in distinct energy levels around the nucleus, originally conceived as orbits but now understood as areas of high probability.
- Light and subatomic particles have both wave and particle properties, described by Planck, De Broglie, and photons.
- Quantum numbers (n, l, m, s) define the distinct energy states of electrons in atoms, analogous to a unique address.
Explains interaction of forces in non accelerating systems
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Walt Sautter is a 68-year-old retired chemistry and physics teacher and wrestling coach interested in writing, golf, computers, and physical fitness. He has written several books available on Smashwords including The Blood of Judas about a Jewish woman and her relationship during the Holocaust, The Divine Comedy MMIX about a modern take on Jesus returning, Fish Farm about a man seeking revenge on his former employer, and Coach about the secrets of a small rural town and its beloved football coach. Videos trailers for some of the books can be found on YouTube.
Uses the Law of Conservation of Momentum and describes momentum, impulse, elastic and inelastic collisions as well as explosions.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
The document discusses the laws of universal gravitation and how they relate to weight, mass, and satellite motion. It describes how the force of gravitational attraction decreases with the square of the distance between masses and explains that weight is a measure of the gravitational force on a mass. It then applies these concepts to discuss how gravity and weight differ on other planets and elevations from Earth's surface. The document concludes by summarizing Kepler's laws of planetary motion, including that the square of an orbiting body's period is directly proportional to the cube of the average orbital radius.
What are vectors? How to add and subtract vectors using graphics and components.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Describes wave motion in general and specifically sound waves
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Shows step by step how to solve typical accelerated motion problems in physics.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Discusses projectile motion as two dimensional motion.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Basic algebra, trig and calculus needed for physics.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Use principles of reflection and refraction to describe how lenses and mirrors work.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Describes displacement, velocity, acceleration as vectors and distance and speed as scalars, Show all needed equations and their use.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Describes electrostatic principles and concepts.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Discusses Ohm's Law and current electricity and related to energy transfer in circuits.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Explains circular motion and compared it to linear motion.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Explain work, energy and power. The Law of Conservation of Energy is utilized as well as conservative and non conservative systems.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Shows the trends in atomic size, ion size, electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity and metal vs. non metal properties.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. MOLECULAR GEOMETRY (SHAPES)
• SHAPES OF VARIOUS MOLECULES DEPEND ON
THE BONDING TYPE, ORBITAL HYBRIDIZATIONS
AND THE NUMBER OF BONDS THAT OCCUR IN THE
BONDING ATOMS OF THE MOLECULE.
• THREE FUNDAMENTAL RULES RELATE TO THE
POSITIONING OF ATOMS IN MOLECULES.
• (1) BONDED ATOMS TEND TO MOVE AS CLOSE AS
POSSIBLE TO THE CENTRAL ATOM OF A
MOLECULE
• (2) ATOMS WHICH ARE BONDED TO THE CENTRAL
ATOM TEND TO STAY AS FAR FROM EACHOTHER
AS POSSIBLE.
• (3) LONE ELECTRON PAIRS IN A MOLECULE TEND
TO REPEL OTHER LONE PAIRS AND OTHER
BONDING ELECTRON PAIRS.
3.
4. ELECTRONEGATIVITY VALUES
OF ATOMS IN THE MOLECULE.
EN = DIFFERENCE IN
ELECTRONEGATIVITY.
AS EN INCREASES, BOND
POLARITY INCREASES.
ELECTRONS MOVE CLOSER TO
THE MORE ELECTRONEGATIVE
ATOM IN THE BOND.
COLUMN # AND BONDING TYPE
MOLECULAR SHAPE AND FORMULA
TELLS IF A POLAR
OR NONPOLAR
MOLECULE IS
FORMED
SHOWS MOLECULAR SHAPE
AND POLARITY OF BONDS
MEANS PARTIALLY
+ OR – DUE TO ELECTRON
SHIFTS IN THE BOND
FRAME FORMAT
5. LINEAR - LiCl
ELECTRONS
TRANSFER TO
Cl FROM Li &
LiCl IS IONIC
COLUMN I - S BONDING
ELECTRONEGATIVITIES
Li = 1.0
Cl = 3.0
EN = 2.0
ELECTRONS TRANSFER
TO THE CHLORINE