The document discusses the history and evolution of industrial revolutions, from the first revolution involving mechanization to the current fourth revolution associated with cyber-physical systems. It then provides details on key technologies of Industry 4.0 like the internet of things, cyber-physical systems, smart factories, and artificial intelligence. The rest of the document defines and compares virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, outlining their features and use cases in industries like design, healthcare, and manufacturing.

1. Presented by:
Abhishek Parmar M20201512

2.  Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution, although it is concerned with areas that are not
usually classified as industry applications in their own right, such as smart cities.
 The first industrial revolution came with the advent of mechanization, steam power and water power.
 This was followed by the second industrial revolution, which revolved around mass production and
assembly lines using electricity.
 The third industrial revolution came with electronics, I.T. systems and automation, which led to the
fourth industrial revolution that is associated with cyber physical systems.

3. Industry 4.0 Technologies
01 The internet of things (IoT)
03 Cyber-physical systems (CPS)
05 Smart factories
07 Cognitive computing
04 Smart manufacture
06 Cloud computing
08 Artificial intelligence
02 The industrial internet of things (IIoT)

4. What is Virtual Reality (VR)?
The definition of virtual reality comes, naturally, from
the definitions for both ‘virtual’ and ‘reality’. The
definition of ‘virtual’ is near and reality is what we
experience as human beings. So the term ‘virtual
reality’ basically means ‘near-reality’. This could, of
course, mean anything but it usually refers to a
specific type of reality emulation.
In technical terms is straight-forward. Virtual reality
is the term used to describe a three-dimensional,
computer generated environment which can be
explored and interacted with by a person. That
person becomes part of this virtual world or is
immersed within this environment and whilst there,
is able to manipulate objects or perform a series of
actions.
V I R T U A L
R E A L I T Y

5. Why have virtual reality?
This may seems like a lot of
effort, and it is! What makes the
development of virtual reality
worthwhile? The potential
entertainment value is clear.
Immersive films and video
games are good examples. The
entertainment industry is after
all a multi-billion dollar one and
consumers are always keen on
novelty. Virtual reality has many
other, more serious,
applications as well.
Architecture
Sport
Medicine
Arts
Entertainment
VR

6. Features of virtual reality systems
 There are many different types of virtual reality systems but they all share the same
characteristics such as the ability to allow the person to view three-dimensional images.
These images appear life-sized to the person.
 Plus they change as the person moves around their environment which corresponds
with the change in their field of vision. The aim is for a seamless join between the
person’s head and eye movements and the appropriate response, e.g. change in
perception. This ensures that the virtual environment is both realistic and enjoyable.
 A virtual environment should provide the appropriate responses – in real time- as the
person explores their surroundings. The problems arise when there is a delay between
the person’s actions and system response or latency which then disrupts their
experience. The person becomes aware that they are in an artificial environment and
adjusts their behaviour accordingly which results in a stilted, mechanical form of
interaction.
 The aim is for a natural, free-flowing form of interaction which will result in a memorable
experience.
VR

7. AUGMENTED
REALITY (AR)
Augmented reality is a highly visual,
interactive method of presenting
relevant digital information in the
context of the physical environment—
connecting employees and improving
business outcomes.
Industrial augmented reality offers a
better way to create and deliver easily
consumable work instructions by
overlaying digital content onto real-
world work environments..

8. AR addresses workforce challenges
through easy capture and
documentation of expert best practices
and presentation of digital content in
real-world context.
AR provides new approaches to key
business challenges
Industrial organizations in a variety of
verticals around the world are already
realizing the value of successfully
implementing enterprise AR.
Enterprise AR delivers ROI in real-world
applications
From smartphones and tablets to
RealWear and HoloLens 2 headsets, AR
instructions can easily be published and
viewed on a wide range of devices across
the enterprise
AR applications are delivered on
mainstream devices
Use cases of
AR in Industry
Better information delivery, faster
knowledge transfer, modernized training
methods, immediate access to remote
expertise, and enhanced customer
experiences. Augmented reality is
reshaping how frontline employees acquire
knowledge and digitally interact with their
physical surroundings—resulting in faster
execution, less manual processes, and
better decision making.

9. Mixed Reality (MR)
Mixed reality (MR) is a user environment in which physical reality and digital content are
combined in a way that enables interaction with and among real-world and virtual objects.
Unlike virtual reality (VR) which immerses the end user in a completely digital environment,
or augmented reality (AR) which layers digital content on top of a physical environment,
mixed reality blends digital and real world settings. Mixed reality is sometimes considered a
type of augmented reality (AR), but its capacity for interactivity between real-world and digital
elements places it further along the virtuality continuum, which has physical reality at one
extreme and immersive virtual reality at the other.
Mixed reality is sometimes also referred to as hybrid reality or extended reality (XR). A
headset form factor follows the user's gaze and maps the user's physical surroundings and
software then uses deep learning algorithms to align digital content with specific areas of
the map. MR programming allows digital objects to interact with physical objects and
people to interact with digital objects as if they are physical. The result is that an ordinary
desktop can turn into an interactive computer touch screen or an MR-generated film
character can sit on the homeowner's couch.

10. Use cases for
Mixed Reality
Design
Designers can use MR to
interact with new products
before they are built.
B2B communication
International corporations can use
MR to provide simulated face-to-
face meetings with geographically
dispersed product teams.
Healthcare
Surgeons can use MR to
practice inserting an extremely
small medical implant into a
specific patient’s body.
Supply chain management
a supply chain manager can
view a pallet through his
smartphone's camera or smart
glasses
Construction
supervisors can use MR to cue
workers about what work needs
to be completed.
Manufacturing
Inspectors can use MR headsets
during plant tours and view real-
time data for specific mechanical
components.

11. Thank You