This document discusses renewable energy sources. It provides an introduction to energy sources and classification of energy resources. It then covers topics such as causes of energy scarcity, factors affecting energy resource development, and worldwide renewable energy availability. Specifically, it notes that 30% of the population uses 70% of energy while 70% use 30%. Causes of scarcity include increasing population and energy usage as well as uneven distribution. Solutions proposed are population control, conservation techniques, and developing pollution-free energy systems. The document also shares statistics on renewable potential from sources like solar, wind, and biomass worldwide and notes India's installed renewable capacity.

1. Renewable Energy Sources- 15ee563
Prepared by,
Maria Sushma S
Asst. Professor
Dept. of EEE
ATMECE
1
AY:2018-19
Module-1
Introduction

2. INTRODUTION
Energy Sources:
We, in our daily lives, use energy from various sources for doing work.
Fuels- Transportation.
Electricity- Industrial applications, Domestic application
2

3. Topics of discussion
• Causes and Solution of energy
Scarcity.
• Factor affecting Energy Resource
and Development
• Energy Resources and
Classification
• Renewable Energy-Worldwide
Renewable Energy Availability.
• Renewable Energy in India.
3

4. Energy Scarcity
• Difficulty in techno-socio- economic
development due to energy shortages
• Energy usage scenario-
30% population is utilising 70% energy
70% population is forced to live with 30% of
remaining energy
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5. Causes of energy scarcity
• Increasing
Population(132.42 cr:
30% urban, 70% rural)
• Increasing energy
usage
• Uneven distribution of
energy resources
ex: Geographical
distribution -Oil
reserves in middle east
countries, insufficient
wind in different
continents
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6. •Lacks of technical Know how
-Conversion, transmission, distribution ,
utilisation of to its maximum extent
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7. Solution to Energy Crisis
• Population Growth
• Harnessing
• Development of Energy
conservation techniques
• Provision for pollution
free new energy system
• Cheap and reliable
energy storage systems
• Energy management
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8. Factors affecting energy resources
development
1. Energy or fuel substitution or scale or shift
-No alternate arrangement
- Practical conversion using SPV
2. Energy density-Amount of energy contained in a unit of
material object(energy resource)
Substitution of plant derived ethanol for petrol-Ratio is
1.5
FUEL ENERGY DENSITY
Air dry crop residue(agri waste) 12 to 15 MJ/kg
Coal(high quality) 25-30MJ/kg
Crude oil 42-45MJ/kg
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9. 3.Power density(w/m2):rate of energy production
per unit of earth’s area
FUEL POWER DENSITY
COAL OR HYDROCARBON 102 OR 103 W/m2
BIOMASS BELOW 1 W/m2
WATER AND WIND BELOW 10 W/m2
SPV LARGER THAN 20 W/m2
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10. 4. Intermittency
Demands for fuels, energy and electricity
fluctuates daily and seasonally
Base load ( min energy required to meet the
demand of the day)
• High energy storage density fossil fuel ( which
is easily storable)-can operate with high load
factors to meet the demand
• Wind , direct solar radiation are intermittent
and not able to deliver high load factors
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11. 5. Geographical energy distribution
• Uneven
distribution of
fossil and non
fossil fuels
• Cloudiness
• Insufficient wind
• Few best
potential sites-
energy
conversion
techniques
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13. Energy Resources and classification
1. Based on usability of energy
• Primary Resources-derived directly from natural reserve
(solar, wind, nuclear, geothermal, hydropower)
• Secondary Resources(usable form of energy obtained by
suitable energy conversion techniques)
2. Based on Traditional use
• Conventional and Non Conventional
3. Based on Long term Availability
Non Renewable and Renewable
4. Based on Commercial Application
• Commercial and Non Commercial energy Resources
5. Based on Origin
• Fossil fuel, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind, Biomass,
• Geo Thermal, Ocean Thermal, Ocean Wave, Tidal.
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14. Classification of Energy Resources
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15. Oil
• Uneven distribution of oil reserves across the
world- 71% of proven oil reserves in Middle
• world’s East proven oil reserves[-1050 billion
million barrels(BP 2002)
Natural Gas
• Proven natural gas reserves 152 trilliion cubic
meters
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16. Coal
• Proved recoverable Coal reserves 1 million
tonnes
• Modern techniques of burning the coal-
liquefication, gasification reduces some
pollutants from coal
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17. Uranium
• Economically accessible reserves of natural
uranium estimated by world energy council in
1999 is 3 million tonnes
Hydroelectric power:
• Second biggest renewable energy contribution
to the world energy supply with an annual
output of 2600Twh
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18. Worldwide Renewable Energy Availability
Renewable
energy share for
electricity
generation
19%
Hydroelectricity 16%
New renewable
energy
3%
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19. Potential for worldwide renewable
energy
Energy resource Energy amount
Solar energy 1600 EJ(4440000 TWh)
Wind power 600 EJ (167,000 TWh)
Geothermal 500 EJ (139000 TWh)
Biomass 250 EJ (70000 TWh)
Mini hydropower 50 EJ ( 14000 TWh)
Ocean energy 1 EJ (280 TWh)
EJ-Exajoules = 10^18 Joules
TWh- Tera Watt Hour
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20. Renewable Energy in India
Installed capacity of renewable technology based electricity is 22.4GW
in India
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