This document discusses sampling design and different sampling techniques. It begins by defining key terms like population, sample, sampling, and sampling design. It then covers census surveys and explains the difference between a census and a sample survey. The document outlines the main steps in sample design including defining the type of universe, sampling unit, source list, sample size, and sampling procedure. It also describes different probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling and stratified sampling. Finally, it discusses characteristics of a good sample design and provides a formula for determining sample size.

1. Business Research
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING
DESIGN-UNIT2
1

2. SYLLABUS
 Module 2 Sampling Design - Census and Sample Survey,
Implication of Sample Design, Steps in Sample Design, Sampling
Procedure, Different Types of Sampling Designs, How to select a
random sample, Random sample from infinite universe, Sample
size calculation.
 Assignment
 1. Discuss Steps in Sample Design
 2. Descibe Census and Sample Survey
2

3. Census
A Census Is The Procedure Of Systematically Acquiring And
Recording Information About The Members Of A
Given Population.
India Under Ministry Of Home Affairs, Government Of India.
The Census Of India 2011 Was The Fifteenth Census In The
Continuous Series As Reckoned From1872 And The Seventh
Since Independence.
3

4. Census
The First Synchronous Census Was Taken Under
British Rule On February 17, 1881, By W.C.
Plowden, Census Commissioner Of India.
Officials Say The Census Helps Them In Making New
Policies, Seeing Whether Government Programs Are
Effective And Identifying Areas And Communities.
4

5. Sampling Design
Sample – It Is A Subset Or Some Part Of A Larger
Population.
Sampling – It Is The Process Of Using Small Number Of
Items Or Parts Of Larger Population To Make Conclusions
About The Whole Population.
Sampling Design – It Is A Definite Plan For Obtaining A
Sample From A Given Population.
5

6. It Refers To The Technique Or Procedure The Researcher
Would Adopt In Selecting Items For The Sample. It Also
Foretells About Size Of Sample. Hence Sampling Design
Must Be Determined Before Collection Of Data.
A Survey Is A Data Collection Activity Involving
A Sample Of The Population. A Census Collects
Information About Every Member Of The Population
6

7. STEPS IN SAMPLE DESIGN
7
Type of Universe
Sampling Unit
Source List
Size of Sample
Sampling Procedure

8. Steps in sample design
1. Type Of Universe – The Researcher Should Specify Type
Of Universe I.E. Finite (Population With Finite No Of
Individuals Or Members) Or Infinite (Population With
Infinite No Of Members Or Individuals) .
2. Sampling Unit (Geography/Demography) – It Is A Single
Element Or Group Of Elements Subject To Selection In The
Sample.
8

9. It May Be Geographical Like State, District, Taluka,
Country, Village, May Be Demograhical Like
Characteristics Of Person Like Age, Weight, Edu
Qualifications, May Be Social Unit Like Club, School
May Be Construction Unit Eg Flat, House, Bungalow
Etc.
3. Source List – It Is Also Called As Sampling Frame.
It Is List Of Elements From Which Sample May Be
Drawn. It Contains Names Of All The Items In The
Universe.
9

10. 4. Size Of Sample – It Means No Of Items To Be
Selected From Population. It Should Always Be
Optimal. There Are Some Mathematical Formulas To
Determine Size Of Sample.
5. Sampling Procedure – In This The Sampling
Technique Must Be Determined. (Probability And Non
Probability)
The Above Sequence May Change Depending On
Type, Condition, Budget Of Research.
10

11. Sampling Techniques
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING
2. NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING
11

12. Probability Sampling
It Is A Technique In Which Every Member Of Population
Has A Known Non-zero Probability Of Getting Selected.
Different Types Of Probability Sampling Are Given
Below:
1. Systematic Sampling 2. Random Sampling
3. Multistage Sampling 4. Cluster Sampling
5. Stratified Sampling.
12

13. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
13

14. Simple Random Sampling – It Is A Sampling Procedure That
Assures Each Element In The Population An Equal Chance Of
Being Included In The Sample.
Systematic Sampling – A Sampling Procedure In Which An
Initial Starting Point Is Selected By A Random Process And Then
Every Nth No On The List Is Selected.
14

15. Stratified Sampling – A Sampling Procedure In Which
Simple Random Subsamples Are Drawn From Within
Different Strata (Heterogenous) That Are More Or Less
Equal In Some Characteristic (Homogenous).
(Heterogenous Among Homognous)
Cluster Sampling – Under This The Entire Population Is
Divided Into Some Acceptable Sub-division Termed As
Clusters And Simple Random Sampling Is Used To Draw
Samples.
15

16. Multistage Sampling – It Is Used To Select
Sample From Very Large Area. It Refers To
Sampling Technique Which Is Carried Out In
Different Stages.
16

17. Non-Probability Sampling
It Is A Sampling Technique In Which Units Of The Sample Are Selected On The Basis Of Personal
Judgement Or Convenience.
Various Types Of Non-probability Sampling Techniques Are
1. Purposive Sampling 2. Convenience Sampling
3. Quota Sampling
17

18. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
18

19. Convenience Sampling – It Is The Sampling Procedure
Used To Obtain Those Units Or People Most
Conveniently Available.
Purposive Sampling – Also Called As Judgment
Sampling Is A Technique In Which An Experienced
Individual Selects The Sample Based Upon Some
Appropriate Characteristic Of The Sample Members.
19

20. Quota Sampling – It Is A Non-probability Sampling
Technique That Ensures That Certain Charcteristics Of A
Population Sample Will Be Represented By To The Exact
Extent That The Investigator Desires.
Yet Another Method Of Non-probability Sampling Is
Snowball Sampling In Which Initial Respondents Are
Selected By Probability Methods And Additional
Respondents Are Obtained From Information Provided By
The Initial Respondents (References).
20

21. Characteristics of a Good Sample Design
1. Sample Design Should Be A Representative Sample:
2. Sample Design Should Have Small Sampling
Error: Sampling
3. Sample Design Should Be Economically Viable:
4. Sample Design Should Have Marginal Systematic Bias
5. Results Obtained From The Sample Should Be Generalized
And Applicable To The Whole Universe
21

22. Determination of Sample Size
THE FORMULA IS
N = (ZΣ/E)2
WHERE Z = STANDARDISED VALUE
CORRESPONDING TO A CONFIDENCE LEVEL
Σ = SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION
E= ACCEPTABLE MAGNITUDE OF ERROR
22

23. 23

24. Question 1
An Economist Is Interested In Estimating The
Average Monthly Household Expenditure On Food
Items By Households In Katol City.
Based On The Past Data, It Is Estimated That The
Standard Deviation Of The Population On The
Monthly Expenditure On Food Items Is Rs.30 With
An Allowable Error Set At Rs.7.Estimate The Sample
Size Required At 95% Confidence Level To Carry Out
This Survey. Also Explain The Suitable Sample
Design For This Study
24

25. THE STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO DEFINE THE
MEANING OF SAMPLE. THEY SHOULD ALSO
EXPLAIN THE APPROPRIATE SAMPLE DESIGN
INCLUDING
•TARGET POPULATION OR UNIVERSE
• SAMPLING FRAME (IF APPLICABLE)
• SAMPLE UNIT
• COMPUTATION OF SAMPLE SIZE
• SUITABLE METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR THIS
STUDY WITH JUSTIFICATION
25

26. Solution
•TARGET POPULATION OR UNIVERSE-EARNING
PEOPLE RESIDING IN KATOL
• SAMPLING FRAME (IF APPLICABLE) –NOT
APPLICABLE AS NO DIMENSIONS OF POPULATION
ARE GIVEN.
• SAMPLE UNIT –EACH SINGLE PERSON INCLUDED
IN SAMPLE
• COMPUTATION OF SAMPLE SIZE
• SUITABLE METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR THIS
STUDY WITH JUSTIFICATION-PURPOSIVE
26

27. 95% CONFIDENCE = Z= 1.96
E = RS 7
Σ = RS 30
N = (ZΣ/E)2
= (1.96 * 30/ 7)2
= 70.56
~71
27

28. CONFIDENCE LEVEL Z VALUE
90% 1.64
95% 1.96
99% 2.58
28

29. Thank you
29