1) The document presents sketches and examples of different types of analogies used in architectural theory and design, including biological, romantic, mechanical, mathematical, and linguistic analogies. 2) Biological analogies include general organic forms inspired by nature as well as more specific biomorphic concepts like floating cities inspired by lily pads. 3) Mechanical analogies view buildings as machines that simply express their function, while mathematical analogies use geometry and modules as a design basis. 4) Linguistic analogies explore buildings as expressions of attitudes or signs that convey information through their form.

1. THEORY OF DESIGN - II
SKETCHES - MODULE 1
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

2. Image : The historical references of the Mammoth hunters’ tents depicting a low
domical shape covered with animal skins and the tent restrained by heaped
mammoth bones or tree trunks or stones, covered in mammoth skins.
Plan
PRAGMATIC DESIGN - Mammoth Hunters Tent, S.Russia
Tents in various forms
Elevation
THEORY OF DESIGN II- Module I
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

3. View
ICONIC
DESIGN
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Long
houses
of
Borneo
Cross
Section
THEORY
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

4. S.I.
No.
ANALOGY TYPES EXAMPLES
1 Biological Analogy 1. General type 1. F.L.Wright Organic
architecture
2. Biomorphic type 1. Edible city
2. Travelling Hall
3. Floating city concept
– Lilypad
2 Romantic Analogy --------- 1. Sydney Opera house
3 Mechanical Analogy --------- 1. Villa Savoye
4 Mathematical Analogy --------- 1. Greek orders
2. Villa Savoye
5 Linguistic Analogy 1. Grammatical Model 1. Greek orders
2. Expressionist Model 1. Dulles Airport By
Eero Saarinen
3. Semiotic Model 1. Semiotic Model
Contents and types of analogies included in sketches
THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

5. ANALOGIC DESIGN – Historic reference
- Funerary Complex by King Djoser- At Saqqara:
View
Capitals carved in form of lotus buds, flowers
THEORY
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

6. ANALOGIC DESIGN – Historic reference
Funerary Complex by King Djoser- At Saqqara:
Cresting* given in the form of cobra heads
*Cresting is an ornamental decoration at the ridge of a roof or top of a wall.
THEORY
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

7. Administration building of Johnson wax company by Frank Lloyd Wright
BIOLOGICAL ANALOGY - General Model
THEORY
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer
BIOLOGICAL ANALOGY – Biomorphic Model
Travelling Hall conceptualised by
Antoine Stinco.
* Has the capacity to grow and
change through expansion,
multiplication, division, regeneration
etc.
The effect
of the
ceiling is
almost of
lily pads
floating on
water.
--- Pillars in the water lilies concept.

8. A model inspired from the edible city – conceptualised by Rudolf Doernach
The Lilypad, by Vincent Callebaut, is
a concept for a completely self-
sufficient floating city intended to
provide shelter for future climate
change refugees.
BIOLOGICAL ANALOGY – Biomorphic Model
BIOLOGICAL ANALOGY –
Biomorphic Model
THEORY
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

9. MATHEMATICAL ANALOGY –
&- LINGUISTIC ANALOGY
(Grammatical model)
Greek orders
1. Doric order
2. Ionic order
3. Corinthian order
THEORY
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer
ROMANTIC ANALOGY
Sydney Opera House
-From the use of
contrast, excessive
stimulation,
unfamiliar scale or
forms.

10. Villa Savoye
• Buildings are like machines.
• They should express only
what they are and what they
do
THEORY
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THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer
MECHANICAL ANALOGY
MATHEMATICAL ANALOGY
Villa Savoye
• Geometry and numbers as a
basis for architecture.
• Modular theory used in Villa
Savoye

11. LINGUISTIC ANALOGY – Expressionist Model
Dulles Airport By Eero Saarinen
LINGUISTIC ANALOGY
Semiotic Model
Steeple o f a church
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Semiotic Model
Building is a sign that
conveys information about
what it is and what it does.
Expressionist Model - Building is considered as
a vehicle through which the architect expresses
his or her attitude towards the building
project.
THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer

12. THEORY OF DESIGN SKETCHES - Compiled by Ar.Nahlah Basheer
HAPPY SKETCHING !!