This document discusses several common gynecological challenges and their management, including postmenopausal bleeding, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), intrauterine device threads not seen, inadequate cervical smears, vaginal atrophy, ovarian cysts, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, and uterine polyps. It provides guidance on when to refer patients versus manage issues in primary care, as well as treatment options such as weight loss programs, medication including Dianette and metformin, minimally invasive procedures like minitouch and MRI-guided focused ultrasound, and newer drugs like ulipristal acetate. Contact information is also provided for specialist Dr. Mahantesh Karoshi.