The document discusses the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern, which is a variation of the Model-View-Controller pattern that has been popular for user interface programming. MVVM was introduced by John Gossman and takes advantage of WPF's data binding infrastructure to separate application logic and user interface. It allows testing view models independently of views and supports a smooth designer/developer workflow. View models expose command objects to handle user input and implement INotifyPropertyChanged to update bound views when properties change.