► We can use modal verbs for deduction – guessing if
something is true using the available information.
► The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are
about the possibility.
✔ We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's
the only realistic possibility.
’This must be her house. I can see her car in the garage.’ **
✔ We use may, might or could to say that we think something
is possible but we're not sure.
‘He's not answering his phone. He could be in class.’ **
✔ We use can't when we feel sure that something is not
possible.
‘It can't be far now. We've been driving for hours.’ **
He _____ be very angry.
This___________________ be the
worst match he has ever watched.
He ______be pleased with what he
watched.
must
may/might/could
can’t
IT’S YOUR TURN
He ______ be proposing to her.
They _________________ marry
soon.
They _______ be
just friends.
must
may/ might/could
can’t
- He _____ be in pain.
- He _________________ be
going to the hospital.
- He ______ be happy
about it.
must
may/might/could
can’t
He _____ be trying to catch the
bus.
He ________________ be going
to his hometown.
He ______ be calm
because he is
walking fast.
must
may/might/could
can’t
She _____ be giving a speech.
She _______________ be
famous.
She _____ be at home.
must
may/ might/could
can’t
He _____ be trying to invent a
flying machine.
He ________________ be an
inventor.
He _____ be an ordinary
person.
must
may/ might/could
can’t
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION**
1.I’m sure he’s not Michael Jackson. He died a few years ago! BE
He ____________________________ because he died a few years ago.
2.Perhaps Filip is from the Czech Republic – he speaks Czech very well. COULD
Filip __________________________ the Czech Republic because his Czech is
very good.
3. I think Will’s tired because he didn’t sleep much yesterday. BE
Will ______________________ tired because he didn’t sleep much yesterday.
4. I think Sarah isn’t very ill, because I saw her shopping this morning. BE
Sarah ____________________ because I saw her shopping this morning.
5. I’m sure that he lives near here because he always walks to work. MUST
He _______________________ because he always walks to work.
CAN’T BE MICHAEL JACKSON
MAY/MIGHT/COULD BE FROM
MAY/MIGHT/COULD BE
CAN’T BE VERY ILL
MUST LIVE NEAR HERE
DON’T BE AFRAID OF MAKING
MISTAKES!
Anyone who has never made
a mistake has never tried
anything new.
Albert Einstein
The more you speak English,
the better you learn it!

MODALS OF DEDUCTION FOR ELEMENTARY LEVEL

  • 1.
    ► We canuse modal verbs for deduction – guessing if something is true using the available information. ► The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility. ✔ We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's the only realistic possibility. ’This must be her house. I can see her car in the garage.’ ** ✔ We use may, might or could to say that we think something is possible but we're not sure. ‘He's not answering his phone. He could be in class.’ ** ✔ We use can't when we feel sure that something is not possible. ‘It can't be far now. We've been driving for hours.’ **
  • 2.
    He _____ bevery angry. This___________________ be the worst match he has ever watched. He ______be pleased with what he watched. must may/might/could can’t IT’S YOUR TURN
  • 3.
    He ______ beproposing to her. They _________________ marry soon. They _______ be just friends. must may/ might/could can’t
  • 4.
    - He _____be in pain. - He _________________ be going to the hospital. - He ______ be happy about it. must may/might/could can’t
  • 5.
    He _____ betrying to catch the bus. He ________________ be going to his hometown. He ______ be calm because he is walking fast. must may/might/could can’t
  • 6.
    She _____ begiving a speech. She _______________ be famous. She _____ be at home. must may/ might/could can’t
  • 7.
    He _____ betrying to invent a flying machine. He ________________ be an inventor. He _____ be an ordinary person. must may/ might/could can’t
  • 8.
    KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION** 1.I’msure he’s not Michael Jackson. He died a few years ago! BE He ____________________________ because he died a few years ago. 2.Perhaps Filip is from the Czech Republic – he speaks Czech very well. COULD Filip __________________________ the Czech Republic because his Czech is very good. 3. I think Will’s tired because he didn’t sleep much yesterday. BE Will ______________________ tired because he didn’t sleep much yesterday. 4. I think Sarah isn’t very ill, because I saw her shopping this morning. BE Sarah ____________________ because I saw her shopping this morning. 5. I’m sure that he lives near here because he always walks to work. MUST He _______________________ because he always walks to work. CAN’T BE MICHAEL JACKSON MAY/MIGHT/COULD BE FROM MAY/MIGHT/COULD BE CAN’T BE VERY ILL MUST LIVE NEAR HERE
  • 9.
    DON’T BE AFRAIDOF MAKING MISTAKES! Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. Albert Einstein The more you speak English, the better you learn it!