Slides from my talk about Mobile Applications Architecture, that include Architecture reasoning and analysis of spectrum of efforts, most popular Mobile Architecture Patterns (MVC, MVP, MVVM, VIPER, RIBs), levels of architecture complexity (Layers, Coordinator, Dependency Injection, Reactive Programming), Agile Architecting and Project Lifecycle. Special thanks to Randy Shoup and his awesome presentation about Minimal Viable Architecture in Startups https://www.slideshare.net/RandyShoup/minimum-viable-architecture-good-enough-is-good-enough-in-a-startup - you can find some slides at the end of my presentation totally influenced by idea of MVA :)

1. Mobile Applications Architecture
Modern and eternal ways ;)
Constantine Mars
Team Lead, Senior Developer
@ DataArt

2. Software Architecture
The Origins

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Why Use Architecture?
● 10:1 reading to writing ratio

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Why Use Architecture?
● 10:1 reading to writing ratio

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Why Use Architecture?
● Isolate complex or
frequently changing code

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Why Use Architecture?
● Black box complex areas

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Why Use Architecture?
● Avoid bugs

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Why Not Use Architecture?
● Costs and benefits of scalability

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Why Not Use Architecture?
● No architecture for architecture’s sake

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Why Not Use Architecture?
● Trade-off between speed and technical debt

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Why Not Use Architecture?
● Spectrum of effort

12. Main Principles
Of a good architecture

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KISS = Seep It Simple Stupid

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DRY = Don’t Repeat Yourself

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YAGNI = You Aren’t Going to Need It!

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SRP = Single Responsibility Principle

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OCP - Open Closed Principle

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LSP - Liskov Substitution Principle

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ISP - Interface Segregation Principle

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DIP - Dependency Inversion Principle

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Clean Architecture
image from https://8thlight.com

24. Mobile Applications
Architecture
Some specifics. Main complexity levels

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Android Has “Good Bones”
image from https://8thlight.com
Components:
-Activities
-Fragments
-Services
-Content Providers
-Broadcast Receivers

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Mobile has it’s Specifics
image from https://8thlight.com
App-hopping
OS may kill app at random time
App components lifecycle is not under
control
Components should not depend on each
other
Can’t rely on data, stored in components

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Android Activity Lifecycle is like this :)
image from https://8thlight.com

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Common Principles for Mobile
-Separation of concerns
-Provide solid user experience
-Keep UI lean and simple
-Keep UI free of app logic
-Drive UI from model
-Use persistent model
-Assign clear responsibilities model classes

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Separation of Concerns. Abstract way
image from fernandocejas.com

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Levels of Complexity of Android App Architecture
1. L1 - Presenter / ViewModel, Layer Separation, Entities
2. Injection
3. Coordinator
4. Reactive Programming (Rx)

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Presenter / View Model
Move non-UI logic from controller to another class

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Layer Separation
Move network, database and business logic to
separate layers

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Entities
Separate view from database.
Little or no logic for entities

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Dependency injection
Decouple layers.
Pass dependencies to constructor parameters
Or use injection framework (JSR-330, Dagger, AndroidAnnotations,
Juice, etc.)

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Coordinator
Move navigation logic out of views

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Reactive Programming
Automatically propagate changes between layers
and use mapping between data in functional style

37. Mobile Architecture
Patterns
Common patterns. Not only for Android

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MVC: Model - View - Controller

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MVP: Model - View - Presenter

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MVVM: Model - View - ViewModel

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VIPER

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RIBs

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Architecture Components

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Architecture Components
image from Guide to App Architecture

45. Project Lifecycle.
Agile Architecture
Things outside app that influence architecture evolution

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Minimum Viable Architecture
1. YAGNI = You aren’t going to need it!
2. RT-RJ-RT Use the Right Tool for the Right
Job at the Right Time
3. XP - Change incrementally

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Minimum Viable Product

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Project (Startup) Lifecycle
1. Search Phase (Discovery,
Solution Design, etc.)
2. Execution Phase (Project)
3. Scaling Phase

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Search Phase
1. “No architecture at all”
2. Find business model and market fit
3. Acquire first customers
4. Prototype - familiar technology, cobble it together
5. Throw it away later - but not now

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Execution Phase
1. “Just enough” architecture
2. Meet near-term customer needs, delight customers
3. Rapid learning and imporovement
4. Team productivity
5. Monolithic architecture
6. Minimal infrastructure
7. NOT about scaling

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Change drives the world
“The best code you can write now is the code you’ll discard in a
couple of years”
Martin Fowler

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Monolithic Architecture
● Presentation - Web (JS), Android, iOS
● Application / Backend - Java, PHP, Ruby
● Database - Firebase, MySQL, Mongo

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Scaling Phase
● Scaling the Team
● Scaling the Technology
● Concurrency and Efficiency

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Scaling is the result of the change
“If you don’t end up regretting your early technology decisions, you
probably over-engineered”
Randy Shoup

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Scaling. “Next-Gen” Architecture
● Scaling the Technology. Migrations, Concurrency, Other
languages
● Scalable persistence. Break-up monolithic DB, split to
functional modules
● Identify and eliminate bottlenecks. Increase performance
● Re-Design interfaces

56. Read
Learn and expand

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Read About Software Architecture
Clean Architecture
https://8thlight.com/blog/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html
Architecture, the Lost Years by Uncle Bob
https://youtu.be/WpkDN78P884
Fernando Cejas - Architecturing Android, Evolution
https://fernandocejas.com/2015/07/18/architecting-android-the-evolution/
Minimum Viable Architecture
https://www.slideshare.net/RandyShoup/minimum-viable-architecture-good-e
nough-is-good-enough-in-a-startup
Mobile
Architecture
Club

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Read About Architectural Frameworks
Moxy https://github.com/Arello-Mobile/Moxy
Mosby https://github.com/sockeqwe/mosby
Android MVP Helper https://github.com/Ufkoku/AndroidMVPHelper
Clean Architecture
https://github.com/android10/Android-CleanArchitecture
Reark https://github.com/reark/reark
MVP + Dagger2 + Rx
https://android.jlelse.eu/mvp-dagger-2-rx-clean-modern-android-app-code-
74f63c9a6f2f
Uber RIBs https://github.com/uber/RIBs

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Read About Architecture Components
Guide to App Architecture
https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/guide.html
Architecture Components
https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/index.html
I/O ‘17 Architecture Components Introduction - https://youtu.be/FrteWKKVyzI
Solving the Lifecycle Problem - https://youtu.be/bEKNi1JOrNs
Persistence and Offline - https://youtu.be/MfHsPGQ6bgE
Architecture Components on GDD Europe - https://youtu.be/Ts-uxYiBEQ8
GDD Europe CodeLabs g.co/codelabs/gdd17
Google Github samples
https://github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture-components

60. @ConstantineMars
@DataArt
Thank you! :)
Mobile Architecture Club