The document summarizes observations from fieldwork conducted on the "Una Laptop por Nino" (OLPC Peru) program. It notes that Peru has distributed over 290,000 XO laptops to students and teachers in public primary and secondary schools since 2007. The fieldwork involved visiting 12 schools and conducting over 40 interviews. It identified 5 necessary conditions for mobile learning with OLPC laptops in Peru: (1) the mobile devices themselves (2) free and open source software (3) contextualized local content (4) support for individualized learning and (5) connectivity and collaboration. A key factor is teacher training and support to effectively utilize the technology.