mitral prolpse and regutition.pptx
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This document discusses mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation. It defines mitral valve prolapse as a condition where the mitral valve leaflets bulge into the left atrium during systole. Causes include myxomatous degeneration and disorders affecting the valve apparatus. Symptoms range from being asymptomatic to atypical chest pain. Echocardiography is the best diagnostic tool. Treatment options include beta blockers and valve repair or replacement. Mitral regurgitation is defined as abnormal backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. Common causes are mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical features include palpitations
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This document discusses various types of valvular heart disease, including their causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management. It covers mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, and tricuspid regurgitation. For each condition, it provides details on etiology, effects on heart function, common symptoms, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical treatment options, and patient education points.
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valvularheartdisease-180524125726 (1).pdf
This document discusses various types of valvular heart disease, including causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management. It covers the main heart valves - mitral, aortic, tricuspid and pulmonary valves. The major types of valvular abnormalities discussed are stenosis (narrowing) and regurgitation (leakage). Specific valve diseases covered in detail include rheumatic mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation, and pulmonary stenosis/regurgitation. Surgical and medical management strategies are presented for each condition. Prosthetic heart valves, both mechanical and biological,
Valvular Heart Disease, Esther
A 52-year-old woman presents with gradually worsening shortness of breath over 2 years and now requires 2 pillows at night. On examination, she has an apical diastolic murmur. This suggests she has valvular heart disease, likely mitral stenosis given the murmur location and symptoms. Mitral stenosis narrows the opening between the left atrium and ventricle, causing shortness of breath and difficulty sleeping flat. Surgical options may include balloon valvuloplasty or valve replacement depending on severity.
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The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle. Mitral stenosis is usually caused by rheumatic fever which causes scarring of the mitral valve leaflets and commissures. In early mitral stenosis, the leaflets can open but have restricted motion. Over time, the leaflets become thickened and rigid, reducing valve opening. This causes symptoms like dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension. On examination, findings may include an irregular pulse from atrial fibrillation, elevated jugular venous pressure, accentuated S1, and a diastolic murmur. Severe mitral stenosis can lead to right heart failure and complications like hemoptysis.
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Lecture for English students.
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1) Mitral stenosis is most commonly caused by rheumatic fever and results in thickening and fusion of the mitral valve leaflets.
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Mitral stenosis is characterized by obstruction of the left ventricular inflow tract at the mitral valve due to structural abnormalities of the valve. Rheumatic fever is the leading cause of mitral stenosis. Classical symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, cough, and leg swelling. On examination, findings include a low volume pulse, diastolic murmur, and enlarged liver. Complications include atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and thromboembolism.
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Mitral valve stenosis involves a blockage of blood flow through the mitral valve due to abnormalities of the valve leaflets. It is commonly caused by rheumatic fever or infectious endocarditis. Left untreated, it can lead to high blood pressure in the lungs and left side of the heart. Symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray. Treatment may include medications to manage symptoms, balloon valvuloplasty to open the valve, or valve replacement surgery. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications, educating patients, and promoting lifestyle changes to manage the condition.
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- 2. Mitral PROLABSE •The mitral valve prolapse (MVP) syndrome ather names, including the systolic click- murmur syndrome, Barlow syndrome, billowing mitral cusp syndrome, myxomatous mitral valve, floppy valve syndrome, and redundant cusp syndrome
- 3. • Mitral valves apparatus include • Valve leaflets • Chordae tendinea • Papillar muscle • Valves annulus • If any structure of this occur damage can couse BY Mitral prolapse
- 4. Causes of mitral prolapse • Myxomatus degeneration • Very large leaflets • Large or loss annulus • Long of chordae tendinea • Papillary muscle dysfuction
- 5. *Mitral prolapse are related patiants have *marfan syndrome this patient have connective tissue disorder because mitral leaflet are formed by two connective tissue one is sona fibrosa other is sona spongenousum thus the patient have marfan syndrome have defect of fibrose defect is cause mitral prolapse` *rheumatic heart diseas *congenital atrium defect *T3 and T4 hyperthyrodism *ischemic heart diseas
- 6. Symptoms of mitral prolapse Most patient are Asymtomatic but some patient have atypical chest pain also palpitation also may have sudden death • When left ventricle are contract leaflet of one part are normal then other part occur prolapse then they produce murmer sound called mid systolic click
- 7. Diagnosis of mitral prolapse •Chest x ray •E.C.G non specific change ST. wave •Best use is echocardiography
- 8. Management of patiant •Give beta blocker it reduce left ventrical contraction •Valvular replacement • valvular reparing
- 9. Mitral regurgitation(mr) •Mr is defined as any abnormal reversal of blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium . • It caused by distruption in any part of mitral valve apparatus
- 10. Most common couses of mitral regurgitation • Mitral valve prolapse • Rheumatic heart diseas • Ischemic heart diseas • Dilated cardiomyopathy • Hypertention • Infection endocarditis
- 11. •Rheumatic diseas the chordae tendinae are inflamed and fibrosis then mitral valve does not close then cause mitral regurgitation •Ischemic heart diseas cause mitral regurgitation by combination of ischemic in papillary muscle dysfuction and dilated left ventricle is present in ischemic heart diseas with sub sequence displacement of papillary muscle and dilated mitral valve annulus then caus mitral regurgitation
- 12. Clinical feature •Palpitation •Apex beat •Pan systolic murmur •Pulmonary edema
- 13. Diagnosis • X.ray sean • Left ventricle enlargement • Left atrium enlargement • Pulmonary venous congestion
- 14. • ECG.’ •Left atrium enlargement p.mitrale •Atrium fibrillation •Echo is diagnostic and commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of mintral regurgitation
- 15. Treatment • Diuretics to manage pulmonary edema • Anticougulant to prevent thrombo empolisum • Beta blockers for primary treated left ventricle dysfuction in fuctional mitral regurgitation • Antibiotic
- 17. END