The document provides information about Neanderthals, including their tools, habitat, anatomy, and possible causes of extinction. It describes Neanderthals as living in cold areas of Europe and Asia between 350,000-500,000 years ago. They made tools from flint and stone for hunting and cutting. Neanderthals had short limbs, a wide rib cage, and smaller brains than humans. They likely communicated minimally but also engaged in activities like painting art and burying children. While originally thought of as only hunters, evidence suggests Neanderthals also scavenged for food. Competition with modern humans is theorized to have led to their extinction.

1. Neanderthals By: Roland, Jule, Charles, Deniz

2. Neanderthals tools And Habitat By: Charles Sharp

3. About Neanderthals The Neanderthals were around 350,000-500,000 years ago. They were well adjusted to cold conditions .Neanderthals are amongst the toughest early beings. You can tell by the condition the bones and skulls were in when archeologists found the skeleton remains. The bones show fractures and breakages as a result of hunting accidents.

4. tools The tools and weapons the Neanderthals used where not like the tools of nowadays life their tools where made out of flint and hard stone which they would make axes and primitive cutting devises from

5. tools These primitive tools where used for cutting and chopping. But they have still been using the same old tools from approximately 2 million years ago, which means only one thing and that is a lack of creativity and development. And means that their progress had reached its limits and no further progress was being made these primitive humans the Neanderthals.

6. How were these tools used? Neanderthals used birch over a fire and so made a sticky substance which Neanderthals used for gluing stone or flint to wood. This might suggest that Neanderthals were more intelligent than initially thought.

7. Which tools and what hey where made of The Neanderthals used arrow heads for hunting made out of stone, stone was also used for axes, Simple hammers made of wood or antlers to shape stone tools. They also used ivory, and bones for needles.

8. Where the Neanderthals lived The Neanderthals lived in cold and hard conditioned places such as Europe and eastern parts of Asia. South Europe and western Europe also parts of southern England and going as far south as Gibraltar and even small areas in north Africa.

9. habitat When the Neanderthals lived there the climate was at that time cold enough. For example Neanderthals did not live further south of today's Israel. Also there is proof that Neanderthals lived in western central Eurasia.

10. bibliography http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11408298 http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal#habitat_and_range http://www.ecotao.com/holism/hu_neand.htm http://archaeology.about.com/od/hominidancestors/a/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1766683.stmeander.htm

12. Short limbs- Because they were small hey didn’t need large limbs

13. A deep, wide rib cage-because the warm air stays in the body when the climate is cold.Neanderthal Human

15. Smaller size- the Neanderthals hadn't grown as big as us yet, this is because the Neanderthals were still a little bit like the chips because they didn’t develop as much as to grow as tall as us because they originated from the chimps, and it took them a little more time to develop.Neanderthal Human

17. Larger brow ridge

18. larger nose

19. Larger shoulder joint

20. larger elbow joint

21. Broader hips

22. Shorter fore arm

23. Larger hip joint

24. Larger thicker patella

25. Shorter and more flattened tibia

27. Article Name: Science & Nature: TV & Radio Follow up

28. Title of website: Evolution

29. Date last revised: 2001

30. There is no page number available

31. Accessed: 11/23/2010( slides 2,3) 2: GOOGLE IMAGES ( slide 4)

32. Miscellaneous Factsof Homo Neanderthalensis By: Roland Roventa

33. You might ask yourself why it has this weird name? The word Homo in Latin means: man or human being The suffix –ensis is put there because if you add Neanderthal with –ensis in Latin that will mean: from the Neanderthal valley. If you see the word Neanderthal or Neandertal it significies the same thing as Homo Neanderthalensis.

34. Did they speak any language? It is very improbable that they could of speak a language but it would very minimal if they could. They had the brain big enough to speak but scientists don’t really believe so. Nobody can really say the answer. I believe that they had some kind of communication, hand signals or minimal sounds.

35. They are not hunters they are mostly scavengers Most people think that the Neanderthals hunt for their food but nope, they mostly scavenge. They could kill big animals too but with small weapons. In a research some one found out that they have more or less the same injuries as modern rodeo riders so if they killed they killed mostly big any animals if they were really hungry.

36. They made art too Fertility was very important to them, they painted on the wall all kinds of babies in the mothers stomach They were very intelligent to make art In some places there we very simple paintings too like made by finger. This shows us that they had imagination even though they were primates

37. Even though we think did not have emotions they still buried the small ones If a small child would die then they would bury them in very shallow pits It’s interesting to see that if a adult died they would just leave him/her behind but not for kids! That makes us understand that they cared a lot about their future generations. They knew that those kids would make the difference from extinct or not

38. Who made them go extinct? We can never know for sure but we scientists think that humans/Homo Sapiens made them go extinct Human nature always chooses the best generation suited for a thing and they chose the Homo Sapiens because in time only one generation should be alive even though it has sub generations like Europe and Africa they look different but they are Humans.

39. Bibliography Joel, Snook. "Cave Paintings of prehistoric man." http://historyday.crf-usa.org/1708/fertility.htm. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov 2010. <http://historyday.com>. K. Kris, Hirst. "A Few Important Facts about Neanderthals."http://archaeology.about.com/od/hominidancestors/a/neander_2.htm. about.com, n.d. Web. 21 Nov 2010. <http://archaeology.about.com/>. "10 myths about Neanderthals."http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/N/neanderthal/facts/myths.html. channel4, n.d. Web. 21 Nov 2010. <www.channel4.com>. Eugene M., McCarthy. "http://www.macroevolution.net/homo-neanderthalensis-2.html." Homo Neanderthalensis. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov 2010. <http://www.macroevolution.net>. Images are from Google