The document summarizes the history of German settlement in the village of Szigetbecse, Hungary. It notes that approximately 30% of the village's 1,400 inhabitants are of German nationality. It then discusses how Germans have lived in the region for over 1,000 years and were organized to colonize Hungary in the 18th century. It provides examples of German cultural traditions that were practiced in the village until World War II, when many Germans were deported or fled as refugees. Today the village works to preserve German heritage through organizations, education of the language, and cultural festivals.
Though Tallinn's Christmas market only became a yearly tradition in 2001, it has already established itself as amongst the most well-loved and happily-visited Christmas markets in Europe. Certainly what it lacks in tradition it makes up for in atmosphere and ambiance, dispelling December's darkness with colourful lights, music and activity
Though Tallinn's Christmas market only became a yearly tradition in 2001, it has already established itself as amongst the most well-loved and happily-visited Christmas markets in Europe. Certainly what it lacks in tradition it makes up for in atmosphere and ambiance, dispelling December's darkness with colourful lights, music and activity
Königshütte KindergartenAt the Borsig worksUpp.docxcroysierkathey
Königshütte Kindergarten
At the Borsig works
Upper Silesia
German Emigration
The Dresden Daily 18.2.1906
Postcard
(c1900-1910)
*
Annual overseas emigration 1871-1914 (1000s)
*
1880-1893 Third and (in absolute numbers) largest wave
1881, 1882 Peak years: 4-5% of population leave
Vast majority to U.S. , some to Brazil, Canada, Argentina, Chile
1890 Germans 1/3rd foreign-born U.S. population
1893- Steep decline in overseas emigration
(Depression in U.S. ,boom in Germany )
Annual Overseas Emigration 1871-1914
*
Origin and Causes
Ag. N-E provinces disproportionately affected
Land inheritance (eldest son), Emigration an option for the others
For rural wage labourers …
1870s- Ag. ec. crisis, & modernization. (seasonalization, mechanization)
Attraction of self-sufficiency in U.S.
Planned route: German agriculture. -> U.S urban work -> U.S. Farm
But increasingly German agriculture. -> U.S. urban life.
*
Emigrationist Colonialism
Idea of the ‘unbounded German nation’ (Sauer, 2007).
Germans could be Germans away from new German nation state
The nation as ‘imagined community’ centred on culture
Breaking in and farming the soil of ‘new territory’ the core ‘national’ economic task
Colonialist also because displacement of indigenous peoples taken for granted, seen as a natural effect of necessary German expansion.
A refutation of state-based nationalism & core duty - military service
Bismarck (1884) ‘A German who jettisons his Fatherland like an old coat, to me is no longer a German’
Hamburg and Bremen – regulating departure
1867 Weekly Bremen- NY 1871 Norddeutscher Lloyd 20 steamers (NY, Baltimore, Galveston, New Orleans). 1881 9 day crossings.
1880-1893: 100,000 p.a. Hamburg and Bremen
1892 Hamburg Cholera, blamed on Russian migrants, temporary closure of border
1894 Companies & ticket agencies broker deal with Govt. Separate carriages and trains, separation at ports, medical checks at border, at Ruhleben & ports, 4% rejected at European checkpoints (1% NY)
1893- as German emigration peters out, large-scale East European emigration begins, Missler agencies across C. and E. Europe
Numbers fluctuate 1893-1914, but high after 1900 230,000+ through ports in 1907 and 1913
Quarantine Village on the Veddel
Mary Antin, traveling in 1894. From Hoerder, ‘Traffic’
On the following day, the 22nd [of August 1895] ..[t[owards half past twelve our steamer anchored in Queenstown harbour on the Irish coast to take on board new passengers. Long before we had reached the harbour however, several small boats approached our steamer propelled by powerful oar-strokes and in no time had fastened themselves to the ship’s sides. Nimble boys climbed on board and secured rope ladders, and in a matter of moments a dozen Irish pedlar-women (Händlerinnen) were on board hawking all manner of things to the passengers. You can bet that a lot of us – still so far from land – were fai ...
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
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3. It seems on the Szigetbecse welcome table, that our community
is living by German nationality.
Our municipality has got 1400 inhabitants, approx. the 30% are
German Nationality. But when and how where these Germans
coming here?
More than thousand years are Germans living in the Carpathian
basin.
After the dislodgement of Turks in the beginning of the 1700s
Hungary under crowded and needed recruital. That is why the
National Assembly ordered the organised colonization.
In the 18th century the Germans have been colonysated to
Hungary in three stages.
The majority of Germans came to Hungary from middle and south
part of Germany. The settlers arrived to Szigetbecse from
Bavarian and Styrian provinces.
16. Till the II. World War lived almost only German origin
in the village
17. The II. World War brought a big change in the life of the village. On
the 28th December 1944 collected 120 youth and got a 5 years
penal to the Soviet Union. There they lived in inhumane conditions
and worked in the mine. 39 peoples died as a result of hunger and
life-threatening work.
18. The punishment
of the II. World
War was the
evacuation.
400 people were
deployed out of
Szigetbecse.
19. They had to leave
their houses and lands
here.
Instead Hungarians
resettled from
Slovakia.
Hungarians and
Germans lived and live
peacefully together.
They got a lot of
mixed marriage.
20. Swabian family fhoto
/ Here is the family together. /
After the II. World
War the family was
broken in three parts.
22. After the II. World War it was forbidden to
speak to German, so the childhood don't
speak the local former.
In 2002 was founded the German Ethnical
Municipality, which aims are to preserving our
heritage and assist the German education in
the kindergarten and in the school.
37. The festival begins with the hymn, than the runners dance to wind-
band music. They're clothes shows Hungarian colors, and they are
wearing more than 100 years old Swabian headkerchiefs.
48. Made by: Mária Lerner
president of the German Ethnical
Municipality in Szigetbecse
With the help of Monika Cserna-
Kurucz and students from the
7th and 8th grades.
