The document provides information about the SRI Damodaram Sanjeeviah Power Station operated by APGENCO in Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses the layout of a typical thermal power plant and the principle of the Rankine cycle used. It also provides details about the different components of a steam turbine, including the high pressure turbine, intermediate pressure turbine, and low pressure turbine. The steps involved in the design of a steam turbine are also summarized.

1. SRI DAMODARAM SANJEEVIAH POWER STATION (APGENCO)

2. Contents
Introduction
Literature Survey
Methodology
Layout of thermal plant
Study of Turbine

3. Introduction
REGION COAL GAS/Liquid Fuel Renewable TOTAL
Northern 9,015 2,344 35 11,394
Western 12,000 1,313 50 13,313
Southern 4,600 360 260 5,220
Eastern 9,470 - 10 9,480
Islands - - 5 5
Hydro - - - 800
JVs 4,999 1,967 - 6,966
Total 40,084(MW) 5,984(MW) 360(MW) 47,228(MW)

4. About APGENCO
 APGENCO (NELLORE) is normally
called as Sri Damodaram Sanjeeviah
thermal power plant
 APGENCO was setup in 2008 with
100% ownership by Government of
AP. In the last 8 years, APGENCO has
grown into the largest power utility in
AP.
 To meet the increasing power
demand in state planned this mega
power project in fast track basis.
 The total installed capacity of super
critical power plant is 2*800MW
 APGENCO has plans to become
8,000MW company by 2032.
 First Super Critical plant in AP is
APGENCO (NELLORE)
BAY OF BENGAL
MADHYA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
TAMILNADU
MAHARASHTRA
CHITOOR
CUDDAPAH
ANANTHAPUR
NELLORE
KARNOOL
PRAKASHAM
MAHBOOBNAGAR
GUNTUR
KRISHNA
NULGUNDA
RANGAREDDY
WARANGAL
KHAMMAM
KARIMNAGARNIZAMABAD
MEDAK
ADILABAD
WEST
EAST
VIZAG
GODAVARI
GODAVARI
VIJANAGARAM
SRIKAKULAM
Kothagudem
TPSs
700 MW + 500
MW
Vijayawada TPS
1760 MW
Rayalaseema TPS
1050 MW
Ramagundam TPS 62.5
MW
Nellore TPS
1600 MW
Total:
5670 MW

5. PRINCIPLE OF
THERMAL POWER
PLANT
 The Rankine cycle is an idealized
thermodynamic cycle of a heat
engine that converts heat into
mechanical work.
 This gives a theoretical
maximum Carnot efficiency for the
steam turbine alone of about 63%
compared with an actual overall
thermal efficiency of up to 42% for a
modern coal-fired power station.
 In an ideal Rankine cycle the pump and
turbine would be isentropic, i.e., the
pump and turbine would generate no
entropy and hence maximize the net
work output.

6. 1. Cooling tower 10. Steam Control valve 19. Superheater
2. Cooling water pump
11. High pressure steam
turbine
20. Forced draught (draft) fan
3. transmission line (3-phase) 12. Deaerator 21. Reheater
4. Step-up transformer (3-
phase)
13. Feedwater heater 22. Combustion air intake
5. Electrical generator (3-phase) 14. Coal conveyor 23. Economiser
6. Low pressure steam turbine 15. Coal hopper 24. Air preheater
7. Condensate pump 16. Coal pulverizer 25. Precipitator
8. Surface condenser 17. Boiler steam drum 26. Induced draught (draft) fan
9. Intermediate pressure steam
turbine
18. Bottom ash hopper 27. Flue gas stack
Typical Diagram of a Coal-fired Thermal Power Station

7. Problem Identification:
Great difficulty in transportation of coal.
Unavailability of good quality of coal.
Problems of ash removal.

8. Factors include
Rake arrival schedules.
Changes in production scheduling.
Deviation from delivery rates etc.
These can be reduced by
Simultaneous arrival of rake.
Modeling approach.
queing approach.

10. STEAM
TURBINE

11. Why Multi Stage turbines are used?
Multistage turbines are back pressure turbines that can be made available in form of single
stage or multi-stage options.
These turbines find application for drive application/power generation applications and are of
straight-back pressure type.
Finding application in areas where back pressure steam is fully utilized, the power generation is
incidental to process steam demands.

12. Components of Steam Turbine Cycle
1. High Pressure Turbine
(HP Turbine)
2. Intermediate Pressure
Turbine
(IP Turbine)
3. Low Pressure Turbine
(LP Turbine)
4. Condenser
5. Cooling Tower 6. Low Pressure Heater
(LP Heater)
7. Deaerator 8. High Pressure Heater
(HP Heater)
9. Motor Driven Boiler
Feed Pump (MDBFP)
10. Turbine Driven Boiler
Feed Pump (TDBFP)

13. 165 ksc, 540°C
40 ksc, 350°C
45 ksc, 565°C 7-8 ksc, 350°C
6 ksc, 160°C
0.1 ksc, 45°C
0.1 ksc, 45°C
ΔT=10°C
5 3 2
2*121*17 2*6
(BFP)

14. High Pressure
Turbine (HP Turbine)
 High pressure and temperature fluid
at the inlet of the turbine exit as
lower pressure and temperature
fluid. The difference is energy
converted by the turbine to
mechanical rotational energy, less
any aerodynamic and mechanical in
efficiencies incurred in the process.
 The high pressure casing is made of
creep resisting Chromium-
molybdenum-vanadium(Cr-Mo-V)
steel casting.
 The turbine is equipped with
emergency stop valves to cut of
steam supply and with control
valves to regulate supply.
 It has 17 rotor blades with first
impulse stage and others are
reaction.

15. Intermediate
Pressure Turbine
(IP Turbine)
 Intermediate pressure turbine
having more pressure then L.P
turbine and less than the high
pressure turbine(H.P) . Its blade is
larger than high pressure turbine.
 The size of blades of I.P steam
turbine is larger than H.P steam
turbine , but smaller than L.P
steam turbine.
 It has inlet of the main steam line
after the reheat process and in
outlet main steam line straight
goes to lp turbine.
 It has 2*12 stage of blades and 7th
stage steam line goes to TDBFP.

16. Low Pressure
Turbine (LP Turbine)
 LP turbine is designed to be a dual
flow turbine. Steam enters the
centre of the turbine from the
crossover pipe and flows across the
reaction blading in two opposite
directions.
 This configuration reduces axial
thrust on the turbine and allows for
a smaller turbine installation.
 Titanium alloys offer high strength
to intermediate temperatures at a
density almost half that of steel and
nickel-based super alloys.
 LP blade is larger than HP & IP.

18. Steps involved in design of Steam Turbine
1. Perform thermodynamic and axial thrust calculations to decide diameters and axial length of blading.
2. Perform rotor dynamic calculation and suggest any change of lengths and diameters to repeat step one.
3. Select suitable turbine extensions and diameters to meet above blading geometry.
4. Select suitable materials to meet steam parameters.
5. Select suitable governing system and protection system.
6. Prepare ordering / manufacturing documents incorporating above selections.