Here are the answers to the revision test: 1. The main parts of a hat are the crown, peak/visor/bill, brim, and puggaree/sweatband/hatband. 2. The term Millinery comes from the Italian city of Milan, where the best quality hats of the 18th century originated from. 3. In the 1920s, women wore hats that hugged the head like a helmet after cutting their hair short. 4. A tutulus is a sturdy, pointed tiara-style headdress with a brim at the front worn by Etruscans. 5. Bonnets in the first half of the 19th century were decorated with

1. MILLINERY

2. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Minoan Crete
 Hats originated in Minoan Crete
 2 popular styles: inverted plant pot; beret
 High caps, pointed hats, turbans & bonnets
 Black or white trimmings
 Ceremonies:
 Tiaras
 Toques
 Flat round hats

3. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Etruscans
 Tutulus
 Sturdy, pointed tiara-style headdress with a brim at the front.
 Hats not integral of wardrobe
 Worn by peasants and warriors outdoors
 Men – beret-like hats that varied in styles
 Peasants – petasos for protection against the sun
 seen in sculptures

4. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Ancient Greece
 Many shapes and variations for men
 Cone-shaped hat
 Truncated cone
 Cone with a small brim
 Extended truncated cone

5. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Ancient Rome
 Slaves – long hair as signs of their plight
 Freed slaves – pileus
 Shaved their heads
 Wool cap
 Mark of distinction
 *simple skull cap

6. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Middle Ages
Taste of adorning the head fluctuated
 Pointed Phrygian cap
 Attempt of a beret
 Hats with wide brims – worn over hood by men on journeys
 Women wore veils (semi-circular piece of linen and draped to the
face)

7. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Renaissance
 Sumptuous styles worn by rich men
 Portraits of Henry VIII and Edward VI
 Beret-shaped with narrow brim, which turned up from the face

8. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Rococo
 Women: cartwheel hats of straw and felted wool
 1789 – men and women wore military style hats
 Revolutionaries wore the Phrygian cap
 soft felt hat introduced by the Greek
 Tricorne evolved into bicorne
 from army officer to civilian wardrobe
 Bonnets – calash
 whalebone hoops covered in transparent fabric, donned or doffed with ribbon

9. CalashPhrygian cap

10. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
A Hat...
... is a Head covering
 Protection against elements
 Ceremonial or religious reasons
 Safety
 Fashion accessory
 Social Status
 Military – denote rank and regiment

11. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
 First pictorial depiction – Thebes tomb painting
 Coolie-style straw hat
 Pileus – simple skull cap
 Phrygian cap – worn by freed slaves in Ancient Greece & Rome
 Greek Pestasos – first known hat with a brim
 Women:
 Veils
 Kerchiefs
 Hoods
 Capes
 Wimples
 Structured hats for women began in the late 16th century

12. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Milliner
 Term from the Italian city of Milan
 Best quality hats of 18th century
 Millinery traditionally a women’s occupation
 Milliner created hats but also chose lace, trimmings and accessories
to complete an outfit

13. HISTORY OF HAT DESIGN
Women’s headgear
 First half 19th century – bonnets
 gradually became larger
 Decorated with ribbons, flowers, feather and gauze trims
 By the end of the century many other styles were introduced
 Hats with wide brims and flat crowns
 Flower pot
 Toque
 By mid of 1920s women cut their hair short
 hats hugged the head like a helmet

14. 4 MAIN PARTS OF A HAT
Crown – portion of the hat covering the top of the head
Peak / visor / bill – stiff projection at the front, to shade or shield the
eyes from sun and rain
Brim – optional projection of stiff material from the bottom of the
hat’s crown horizontally all around the circumference of the hat
Puggaree / sweatband / hatband – a ribbon or band that runs around
the bottom of the torso of the hat. The sweatband may be adjustable
with a cord or rope at the top and is on the inside of the hat touching
the skin while the hatband and puggaree are around the outside.

15. FAMOUS HAT MAKERS
London
 James Lock & Co.
 Sharp & Davis
American
 John B. Stetson
Belgian
 Elvis Pompilio
 Fabienne Delvigne

16. HAT STYLES
1. Akubra
2. Balaclava
3. Baseball Cap
4. Beanie
5. Bearskin
6. Beaver Hat
7. Balmoral Bonnet
8. Beret
9. Bicorne
10. Biretta
11. Boater
12. Boonie Hat
13. Boss of the Plains
14. Bowler/Derby
15. Busby
16. Capotain/Pilgrim
17. Casquette
18. Chullo
19. Chupalla
20. Cloche hat
21. Cordobés
22. Conical Asian Hat
23. Cowboy Hat
24. Custodian Helmet
25. Deerstalker
26. Fascinator
27. Fedora
28. Fez
29. Flat cap
30. Gatsby
31. Garrison / Forage
32. Gaung Paung
33. Ghutrah
34. Hard Hat
35. Hardee Hat
36. Homburg

17. HAT STYLES
37.Kepi
38.Kippah/Yarmulke
39.Kolpik
40.Kova tembel
41.Montera
42.Mortarboard
43.Panama
44.Peaked Cap
45.Phrygian cap
46.Pith Helmet
47.Porkpie
48.Sami hat “Four Winds”
49.Salakot
50.Santa Hat
51.Shako
52.Shtreimel
53.Sombrero
54.Student Cap
55.Tam o’ Shanter
56.Taqiyah
57.Top Hat
58.Toque
59.Trilby
60.Tricorne
61.Trucker Hat
62.Tudor Bonnet
63.Tuque
64.Turban
65.Tyrolean hat
66.Ushanka
67.Vueltiao

18. WHY WE WEAR HATS
 Initially protection from the elements & from injury
 Later symbols of status of authority
 Progressed to become a uniform and an art form
 Fashion – noticeable accessory
 Body heat is lost through the head – cover head

19. ORIGIN OF MILLINERS
 existed in Britain since 1700
 Term “milliner” derived from travelling haberdashers from Milan
 Travelling sales people sold all items necessary to dress
 France – hatmakers called chapeliers
 Today the term modiste is used in France
 Hatmaker – men
 Milliner - women

20. THE DEMISE OF HAT WEARING
 20th century – both men and women changed hats dependent on
activity
 Etiquette – disgraceful to leave house without a hat or gloves
 Edwardian era – everyone wore a hat irrelevant of status
 only beggars went bareheaded
 Militant suffragettes did not campaign without a hat
 Fairly functional in style and form

21. HATS FOR OCCASIONS
 Hats have slowly lost favour
 Never been worn universally since 1920s
 Popular after Princess Diana of Wales used them for weddings
and special occasions in the 1980s to add sophistication to her
persona
 Today worn for special dressy occasion i.e. Wedding, or as a
casual statement attire
 Functional Hats – uniformed workers
 Cold weather – fleece beanie hats
 Sunny weather – sunhats
 Hat form built into a garment - hoodie

22. HATS FOR OCCASIONS
 Hats offer far too much potential for drawing attention to the face
 Logos, branding and status symbols – hat easy and less costly

23. REVISION TEST
1. Traditionally a hat consists out of different parts. Name and describe them.
2. Where does the term Millinery come from?
3. What type of hats did women wear specifically in the 1920s?
4. What is a tutulus?
5. What were used to decorate bonnets in the first half of the 19th century?
6. Describe the following: pileus, Phrygian cap, Greek Pestasos
7. Name 5 types of headgear women used to wear in the 19th century
8. During the renaissance era rich men wore a specific hat. Describe it.
9. Name a well known American hat making company.
10. Name 2 hats worn by men in Ancient Greece.
11. A hat is a head covering used for general reasons, name four.
12. Name 3 ceremonial head features worn in Minoan Crete
13. Name any 8 types of hats