Presentation kring pågående litteratursammanställning av miljöeffekterna av att använda elektrobränslen inom transportsektorn. Elin Malmgren, Selma Brynolf, Julia Hansson, Maria Grahn, 2021.01
A sham report from the so-called Union of Concerned Scientists that tries to denigrate clean-burning natural gas and its use as a fuel to generate electricity. They liken it to a gamble on our future.
Assessing the Carbon Footprint of the University of Portsmouth's Residential ...Leanne Craddock
This document discusses a study assessing the carbon footprint of residential buildings at the University of Portsmouth and identifying ways to reduce it. The study determined the energy consumption and carbon emissions of selected residential buildings from 2008-2011. It compared the data to benchmarks and analyzed factors like weather and audits of the buildings. The study found that two halls used significantly more energy than expected. It recommended addressing issues like occupant behavior, improving insulation, introducing renewable technologies, and ensuring potential reduction programs are fully utilized to improve energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of the residential buildings.
This document summarizes a study that uses life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impacts and resource requirements of different low greenhouse gas electricity generation technologies on a global scale. The study models scenarios where these technologies are implemented to levels expected by 2030 and 2050 based on International Energy Agency forecasts. It finds that most renewable energy technologies provide substantial emissions reductions compared to fossil fuels. Additionally, manufacturing renewable energy technologies requires additional materials ranging from 0.1 to 3 times annual global production in 2010, with concentrating solar and wind having the highest demand for materials like steel and cement. Renewable technologies also generally have higher land use requirements than fossil fuels due to their lower energy density.
Global CCS Institute Meeting 20 June 2013. Presentation on CCUS Development in China by Dr Peng SiZhen, Deputy Director General, The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21).
This document is a critical review of landowners' perceptions of wind turbines in Ireland. It begins with an introduction discussing the need for renewable energy due to climate change. It then provides background on wind energy development in Ireland. The document aims to understand landowners' views of wind farms through a survey. It finds that while landowners see environmental and economic benefits, there are also concerns around placement, noise, and property values. The conclusion calls for better siting of turbines and open communication with local communities.
Spreng, D. (2005). Distribution of energy consumption and the 2000 W/capita t...morosini1952
Abstract
This viewpoint discusses the intra- and international distribution of energy consumption and their implications for
intergenerational equity. For global development to be sustainable, the inequality of energy consumption must have an upper
limit. A graphic depiction of energy consumption distributions (intra- and international) shows that today’s inequalities are large
andit is arguedthat we may have already reachedor perhaps even surpassed the sustainability limit of energy consumption
inequality.
Presentation given by Dr Niall Mac Dowell from Imperial College titled "Power generation in the UK: Carbon Source or Carbon Sink?" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
A sham report from the so-called Union of Concerned Scientists that tries to denigrate clean-burning natural gas and its use as a fuel to generate electricity. They liken it to a gamble on our future.
Assessing the Carbon Footprint of the University of Portsmouth's Residential ...Leanne Craddock
This document discusses a study assessing the carbon footprint of residential buildings at the University of Portsmouth and identifying ways to reduce it. The study determined the energy consumption and carbon emissions of selected residential buildings from 2008-2011. It compared the data to benchmarks and analyzed factors like weather and audits of the buildings. The study found that two halls used significantly more energy than expected. It recommended addressing issues like occupant behavior, improving insulation, introducing renewable technologies, and ensuring potential reduction programs are fully utilized to improve energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of the residential buildings.
This document summarizes a study that uses life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impacts and resource requirements of different low greenhouse gas electricity generation technologies on a global scale. The study models scenarios where these technologies are implemented to levels expected by 2030 and 2050 based on International Energy Agency forecasts. It finds that most renewable energy technologies provide substantial emissions reductions compared to fossil fuels. Additionally, manufacturing renewable energy technologies requires additional materials ranging from 0.1 to 3 times annual global production in 2010, with concentrating solar and wind having the highest demand for materials like steel and cement. Renewable technologies also generally have higher land use requirements than fossil fuels due to their lower energy density.
Global CCS Institute Meeting 20 June 2013. Presentation on CCUS Development in China by Dr Peng SiZhen, Deputy Director General, The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21).
This document is a critical review of landowners' perceptions of wind turbines in Ireland. It begins with an introduction discussing the need for renewable energy due to climate change. It then provides background on wind energy development in Ireland. The document aims to understand landowners' views of wind farms through a survey. It finds that while landowners see environmental and economic benefits, there are also concerns around placement, noise, and property values. The conclusion calls for better siting of turbines and open communication with local communities.
Spreng, D. (2005). Distribution of energy consumption and the 2000 W/capita t...morosini1952
Abstract
This viewpoint discusses the intra- and international distribution of energy consumption and their implications for
intergenerational equity. For global development to be sustainable, the inequality of energy consumption must have an upper
limit. A graphic depiction of energy consumption distributions (intra- and international) shows that today’s inequalities are large
andit is arguedthat we may have already reachedor perhaps even surpassed the sustainability limit of energy consumption
inequality.
Presentation given by Dr Niall Mac Dowell from Imperial College titled "Power generation in the UK: Carbon Source or Carbon Sink?" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
Mahattan Institute Report on the Reasons for U.S. Increase in Oil & Gas Produ...Marcellus Drilling News
A report published by author Robert Bryce, senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, in April 2013. The report is titled, "New Technology for Old Fuels: Innovation in Oil and Natural Gas Production Assures Future Supplies" and delves into the reasons for the dramatic increase in oil and gas production in the U.S. over the past few years--and makes a few predictions about where production will go in the next few years.
Whole-systems BECCS analysis - presentation given by Niall Mac Dowell in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
I presented at Argus Methanol Forum yesterday. Talked about methanol as a renewable liquid fuel option that can offer efficient vehicle for large scale utilization and monetization of renewable energy resources.
Behavior change from individuals to institutions – keynote by mike vandenberghTNenergy
This document discusses behavior change from individuals to institutions to reduce carbon emissions. It notes that individual household actions can provide a significant "behavioral wedge" to reduce US emissions rapidly and at low cost. Specific high-impact household behaviors are identified like weatherization, appliance efficiency, and driving habits. Barriers to behavior change like lack of understanding of behavioral factors, framing of issues, institutional incentives, and narrow views of governance are examined. New options for private governance through firms and supply chains are presented as viable complements to traditional policy to drive emissions reductions.
The role of electrofuel technologies in EuropeWouter de Heij
- Renewable electrofuels produced from zero-carbon electricity have lower sustainability risks than biofuels but have much higher production costs than fossil fuels currently.
- For electrofuels to have a low carbon footprint, they require electricity from zero-carbon renewable sources like wind and solar. The regulatory framework needs to ensure additional renewable capacity is built to avoid double counting benefits.
- Large-scale production of electrofuels could meet a significant portion of transport demand by 2050 but would require massive investments in renewable electricity generation and production facilities.
The global financial crisis has significantly impacted the global economy and energy markets in the short term. However, long term energy challenges related to energy security, sustainability, and alleviating energy poverty remain top priorities. Climate change impacts are also occurring faster than predicted due to continued growth in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Achieving long term climate change and energy security goals will require transitioning to more sustainable energy systems through international cooperation and flexible, intelligent infrastructure.
NNFCC market review bioenergy issue seven october 2012NNFCC
Welcome to the October issue of our bioenergy market review. This month has seen heightened scrutiny of energy bills, in the wake of rising bills and the forthcoming launch of the UK Governments Energy Bill.
IEEE Presentation on Shale Resources and Environmental Cost of EnergyDan Arthur
This document provides an overview of shale gas and hydraulic fracturing. It discusses the history and characteristics of shale gas basins in the United States. It also covers technologies used such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The document outlines some environmental considerations related to shale gas development, including water usage, air emissions, and community impacts. It acknowledges there is debate around high-volume hydraulic fracturing but notes energy sources should be compared comprehensively.
This document provides an overview of thorium-based nuclear power as a potential solution to global warming. It discusses the challenges facing existing uranium-based nuclear power, including high costs, waste disposal issues, and competition from natural gas. Thorium reactors could provide safer, cheaper power and potentially replace fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The document describes how thorium reactors work, using thorium to produce heat through nuclear fission instead of uranium or plutonium. Advocates believe thorium nuclear power could bridge the gap until solar power is fully developed. However, high costs remain a challenge for building any new nuclear plants.
Digital Transformations Over the Next Decade in Energy and the EnvironmentLarry Smarr
11.10.04
The New Science of Management in a Rapidly Changing World
PwC's DiamondExchange
Title: Digital Transformations Over the Next Decade in Energy and the Environment
Tucson, AZ
The document discusses the growing threat of climate change and global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. It notes that information and communication technology (ICT) contributes a significant amount of emissions similar to the aviation industry. Some universities are exploring more sustainable computational architectures like distributed data centers and high-speed optical networks to reduce emissions from research activities. The document highlights specific projects at UC San Diego and other universities that aim to transition infrastructure to zero-carbon systems and lower overall campus carbon footprints through green transportation, building energy monitoring, and other initiatives.
This document is the Summary for Policymakers from the IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN). It provides an overview of the key findings from the SRREN, which assesses the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of renewable energy sources. The summary discusses how renewable energy can help lower greenhouse gas emissions while meeting increasing global energy demand. It outlines the structure of the full report and introduces the different types of renewable energy technologies covered.
Bunaken Island | Nov-15 | Renewable and island energy activitiesSmart Villages
By Rizki Asikin
Off-grid electrification for development of small islands represents a number of unique challenges under the broad category of rural electrification. Small, off-grid island communities are particularly vulnerable to diesel price fluctuations and natural disasters, and thus, enhancing resilience through more sustainable and cheaper energy technologies should be a key priority. Financing the transition to these technologies – usually photovoltaic, micro-hydro or sometimes wind – is an essential hurdle to overcome. Once electricity systems are in place it is equally important that they are sustained in the longer term with effective arrangements for operation and maintenance, cost recovery etc. Related to this, is the productive use of the energy provided to increase islander incomes.
The workshop on Bunaken Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia from 3 to 5 November 2015, organised by the Smart Villages Initiative in collaboration with Kopernik, will explore these issues and develop recommendations for policy makers, development agencies and other stakeholders in energy provision to island communities.
More info: http://e4sv.org/events/off-grid-islands-electricity-workshop/
This document discusses optimizing municipal solid waste (MSW) feed for waste-to-energy practices. It analyzes the characteristics of waste materials from a pulp and paper mill, including moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and elemental composition. The goal is to produce a blended MSW fuel with high and consistent calorific value that is suitable for combustion in waste-to-energy plants. Mathematical models are used to predict the calorific value of blended waste samples based on their physical and chemical properties. The blending is optimized to maximize energy output while meeting standards for emissions and combustion stability.
Prediction of recovery energy from ultimate analysis of waste generation in ...IJECEIAES
Refuse derived fuel (RDF) is an environmentally friendly renewable fuel developed to reduce waste generation. RDF can consist of various kinds of waste such as paper and gardens. One of the critical parameters is the chemical element and calorific value. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for waste reduction and the relationship of ultimate longevity in RDF to the calorific value. This study's paper and garden waste mixture were P0 (100% paper), P25 (75% paper and 25% garden), P50 (50% paper and 50% garden), P75 (25% paper and 75% garden), and P100 (100% garden). The calorific value of the mixture can reach 3.6-5.2 kWh/kg. Simultaneously the relationship of ultimate elements nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and ash affects the heating value of RDF. Sampling the application in Depok City can reduce waste by 6.67%, with the potential for electrical energy from paper and garden wastes of 358,903.8 kWh and 48,681 kWh, respectively. This shows that this energy waste can supply 0.1% of the total daily electricity demand in Depok City.
1. The document analyzes scenarios for decarbonizing industry using carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies through 2100 using an integrated assessment model.
2. Results show hydrogen competing with CCS in steel production, while CCS is essential for cement plants alongside less clinker-intensive cements.
3. Carbon capture and utilization plays a minor role compared to storage but can significantly contribute to clean fuel production.
The document discusses the role of clean energy, specifically nuclear power and energy storage, in addressing climate change and transitioning away from fossil fuels. It argues that nuclear power can play a major role in minimizing climate change by producing little to no greenhouse gas emissions over its lifecycle. Energy storage is also seen as important for integrating renewable energy sources like wind and solar into the electric grid and enabling the transition off fossil fuels, as renewables have variable output that storage could help balance. The document examines both the technical and economic impacts of energy storage and variable renewables on the grid and their potential to replace fossil fuels as costs decline and reliability increases over time.
7)risk approach for potential of solar, hydrogen and convention power mu...Oladokun Sulaiman
This document discusses the potential for using a hybrid power system combining alternative energy sources like solar and hydrogen with conventional sources to meet the power demands of marine ports more sustainably. It notes the environmental challenges faced by reliance on fossil fuels and evaluates different renewable and conventional energy options. The paper argues that a risk-based, integrated approach considering factors like efficiency, cost, and environmental impacts is needed to develop hybrid systems that balance the energy needs of ports with environmental protection goals. It also stresses the importance of modeling and simulation tools to evaluate technical feasibility and inform decision making around hybrid system design and implementation.
Renewable energy and sustainable developmentDr.Raja R
The document discusses sustainable development and renewable energy. It notes that as energy consumption from fossil fuels increases, global environmental problems become inevitable. Both developed and developing countries are working to establish sustainable energy systems that improve human, economic, social and environmental conditions. There are challenges to long-term sustainability, including demographic, social and economic trends. The document recommends vigorous action in areas like energy diversity and efficiency, supply reliability, technological innovation, and regional integration of energy systems. Government policies must carefully manage production, transportation and usage of energy resources while protecting the climate and reducing pollution.
This document provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol via heterogeneous catalysis. It discusses various catalyst systems that have been developed, including transition metals, metal oxides, main group metals, intermetallic compounds, and nanostructured catalysts derived from metal-organic frameworks. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding structure-activity relationships, reaction mechanisms, and using techniques like in situ characterization and theoretical modeling to guide the design of improved catalysts with good activity, selectivity and stability. While copper-based catalysts have been widely used industrially, the review also covers progress in developing alternative catalyst systems with metals, oxides, main group elements and intermetallics that can help address limitations of
Mahattan Institute Report on the Reasons for U.S. Increase in Oil & Gas Produ...Marcellus Drilling News
A report published by author Robert Bryce, senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, in April 2013. The report is titled, "New Technology for Old Fuels: Innovation in Oil and Natural Gas Production Assures Future Supplies" and delves into the reasons for the dramatic increase in oil and gas production in the U.S. over the past few years--and makes a few predictions about where production will go in the next few years.
Whole-systems BECCS analysis - presentation given by Niall Mac Dowell in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
I presented at Argus Methanol Forum yesterday. Talked about methanol as a renewable liquid fuel option that can offer efficient vehicle for large scale utilization and monetization of renewable energy resources.
Behavior change from individuals to institutions – keynote by mike vandenberghTNenergy
This document discusses behavior change from individuals to institutions to reduce carbon emissions. It notes that individual household actions can provide a significant "behavioral wedge" to reduce US emissions rapidly and at low cost. Specific high-impact household behaviors are identified like weatherization, appliance efficiency, and driving habits. Barriers to behavior change like lack of understanding of behavioral factors, framing of issues, institutional incentives, and narrow views of governance are examined. New options for private governance through firms and supply chains are presented as viable complements to traditional policy to drive emissions reductions.
The role of electrofuel technologies in EuropeWouter de Heij
- Renewable electrofuels produced from zero-carbon electricity have lower sustainability risks than biofuels but have much higher production costs than fossil fuels currently.
- For electrofuels to have a low carbon footprint, they require electricity from zero-carbon renewable sources like wind and solar. The regulatory framework needs to ensure additional renewable capacity is built to avoid double counting benefits.
- Large-scale production of electrofuels could meet a significant portion of transport demand by 2050 but would require massive investments in renewable electricity generation and production facilities.
The global financial crisis has significantly impacted the global economy and energy markets in the short term. However, long term energy challenges related to energy security, sustainability, and alleviating energy poverty remain top priorities. Climate change impacts are also occurring faster than predicted due to continued growth in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Achieving long term climate change and energy security goals will require transitioning to more sustainable energy systems through international cooperation and flexible, intelligent infrastructure.
NNFCC market review bioenergy issue seven october 2012NNFCC
Welcome to the October issue of our bioenergy market review. This month has seen heightened scrutiny of energy bills, in the wake of rising bills and the forthcoming launch of the UK Governments Energy Bill.
IEEE Presentation on Shale Resources and Environmental Cost of EnergyDan Arthur
This document provides an overview of shale gas and hydraulic fracturing. It discusses the history and characteristics of shale gas basins in the United States. It also covers technologies used such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The document outlines some environmental considerations related to shale gas development, including water usage, air emissions, and community impacts. It acknowledges there is debate around high-volume hydraulic fracturing but notes energy sources should be compared comprehensively.
This document provides an overview of thorium-based nuclear power as a potential solution to global warming. It discusses the challenges facing existing uranium-based nuclear power, including high costs, waste disposal issues, and competition from natural gas. Thorium reactors could provide safer, cheaper power and potentially replace fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The document describes how thorium reactors work, using thorium to produce heat through nuclear fission instead of uranium or plutonium. Advocates believe thorium nuclear power could bridge the gap until solar power is fully developed. However, high costs remain a challenge for building any new nuclear plants.
Digital Transformations Over the Next Decade in Energy and the EnvironmentLarry Smarr
11.10.04
The New Science of Management in a Rapidly Changing World
PwC's DiamondExchange
Title: Digital Transformations Over the Next Decade in Energy and the Environment
Tucson, AZ
The document discusses the growing threat of climate change and global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. It notes that information and communication technology (ICT) contributes a significant amount of emissions similar to the aviation industry. Some universities are exploring more sustainable computational architectures like distributed data centers and high-speed optical networks to reduce emissions from research activities. The document highlights specific projects at UC San Diego and other universities that aim to transition infrastructure to zero-carbon systems and lower overall campus carbon footprints through green transportation, building energy monitoring, and other initiatives.
This document is the Summary for Policymakers from the IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN). It provides an overview of the key findings from the SRREN, which assesses the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of renewable energy sources. The summary discusses how renewable energy can help lower greenhouse gas emissions while meeting increasing global energy demand. It outlines the structure of the full report and introduces the different types of renewable energy technologies covered.
Bunaken Island | Nov-15 | Renewable and island energy activitiesSmart Villages
By Rizki Asikin
Off-grid electrification for development of small islands represents a number of unique challenges under the broad category of rural electrification. Small, off-grid island communities are particularly vulnerable to diesel price fluctuations and natural disasters, and thus, enhancing resilience through more sustainable and cheaper energy technologies should be a key priority. Financing the transition to these technologies – usually photovoltaic, micro-hydro or sometimes wind – is an essential hurdle to overcome. Once electricity systems are in place it is equally important that they are sustained in the longer term with effective arrangements for operation and maintenance, cost recovery etc. Related to this, is the productive use of the energy provided to increase islander incomes.
The workshop on Bunaken Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia from 3 to 5 November 2015, organised by the Smart Villages Initiative in collaboration with Kopernik, will explore these issues and develop recommendations for policy makers, development agencies and other stakeholders in energy provision to island communities.
More info: http://e4sv.org/events/off-grid-islands-electricity-workshop/
This document discusses optimizing municipal solid waste (MSW) feed for waste-to-energy practices. It analyzes the characteristics of waste materials from a pulp and paper mill, including moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and elemental composition. The goal is to produce a blended MSW fuel with high and consistent calorific value that is suitable for combustion in waste-to-energy plants. Mathematical models are used to predict the calorific value of blended waste samples based on their physical and chemical properties. The blending is optimized to maximize energy output while meeting standards for emissions and combustion stability.
Prediction of recovery energy from ultimate analysis of waste generation in ...IJECEIAES
Refuse derived fuel (RDF) is an environmentally friendly renewable fuel developed to reduce waste generation. RDF can consist of various kinds of waste such as paper and gardens. One of the critical parameters is the chemical element and calorific value. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for waste reduction and the relationship of ultimate longevity in RDF to the calorific value. This study's paper and garden waste mixture were P0 (100% paper), P25 (75% paper and 25% garden), P50 (50% paper and 50% garden), P75 (25% paper and 75% garden), and P100 (100% garden). The calorific value of the mixture can reach 3.6-5.2 kWh/kg. Simultaneously the relationship of ultimate elements nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and ash affects the heating value of RDF. Sampling the application in Depok City can reduce waste by 6.67%, with the potential for electrical energy from paper and garden wastes of 358,903.8 kWh and 48,681 kWh, respectively. This shows that this energy waste can supply 0.1% of the total daily electricity demand in Depok City.
1. The document analyzes scenarios for decarbonizing industry using carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies through 2100 using an integrated assessment model.
2. Results show hydrogen competing with CCS in steel production, while CCS is essential for cement plants alongside less clinker-intensive cements.
3. Carbon capture and utilization plays a minor role compared to storage but can significantly contribute to clean fuel production.
The document discusses the role of clean energy, specifically nuclear power and energy storage, in addressing climate change and transitioning away from fossil fuels. It argues that nuclear power can play a major role in minimizing climate change by producing little to no greenhouse gas emissions over its lifecycle. Energy storage is also seen as important for integrating renewable energy sources like wind and solar into the electric grid and enabling the transition off fossil fuels, as renewables have variable output that storage could help balance. The document examines both the technical and economic impacts of energy storage and variable renewables on the grid and their potential to replace fossil fuels as costs decline and reliability increases over time.
7)risk approach for potential of solar, hydrogen and convention power mu...Oladokun Sulaiman
This document discusses the potential for using a hybrid power system combining alternative energy sources like solar and hydrogen with conventional sources to meet the power demands of marine ports more sustainably. It notes the environmental challenges faced by reliance on fossil fuels and evaluates different renewable and conventional energy options. The paper argues that a risk-based, integrated approach considering factors like efficiency, cost, and environmental impacts is needed to develop hybrid systems that balance the energy needs of ports with environmental protection goals. It also stresses the importance of modeling and simulation tools to evaluate technical feasibility and inform decision making around hybrid system design and implementation.
Renewable energy and sustainable developmentDr.Raja R
The document discusses sustainable development and renewable energy. It notes that as energy consumption from fossil fuels increases, global environmental problems become inevitable. Both developed and developing countries are working to establish sustainable energy systems that improve human, economic, social and environmental conditions. There are challenges to long-term sustainability, including demographic, social and economic trends. The document recommends vigorous action in areas like energy diversity and efficiency, supply reliability, technological innovation, and regional integration of energy systems. Government policies must carefully manage production, transportation and usage of energy resources while protecting the climate and reducing pollution.
This document provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol via heterogeneous catalysis. It discusses various catalyst systems that have been developed, including transition metals, metal oxides, main group metals, intermetallic compounds, and nanostructured catalysts derived from metal-organic frameworks. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding structure-activity relationships, reaction mechanisms, and using techniques like in situ characterization and theoretical modeling to guide the design of improved catalysts with good activity, selectivity and stability. While copper-based catalysts have been widely used industrially, the review also covers progress in developing alternative catalyst systems with metals, oxides, main group elements and intermetallics that can help address limitations of
Just add hydrogen – Making the most out of a limited resourceIlkka Hannula
This presentation discusses the potential to increase fuels production from a given amount of biomass, by feeding additional hydrogen to a gasification-based biorefinery. The production potential is compared with IEA predictions on global transportation energy demand in 2050.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
The role of bioenergy in the uk's decarbonisation strategyDecarboN8
1) The document discusses the role of bioenergy in the UK's decarbonization strategy, with a focus on biofuels for transport.
2) It provides an overview of bioenergy, including types of biomass feedstocks and bioenergy pathways.
3) The UK has significant potential to increase domestic biomass production through agricultural and forestry residues as well as energy crops, but modeling shows biomass demands could exceed domestic supply.
This document is a seminar report on green hydrogen fuel cell technology submitted for a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. It provides an introduction to green hydrogen production through water electrolysis using renewable energy sources like solar. It describes the working of fuel cells and their major components. The different types of fuel cells are also discussed along with the advantages and applications of green hydrogen fuel cell technology, such as in transportation. However, there are also challenges like high costs and lack of infrastructure that need to be addressed for its widespread adoption.
Electric vehicles (EVs) coupled with low-carbon electricity sources offer the potential for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and exposure to tailpipe emissions from personal trans-
portation. In considering these benefits, it is important to address concerns of problem-
shifting. In addition, while many studies have focused on the use phase in comparing
transportation options, vehicle production is also significant when comparing conventional
and EVs.
Renewable energy provides exciting opportunities for a world looking to move away from reliance on fossil fuels. Not only does it promise an ongoing supply of energy, but also a cleaner planet and new jobs. Learn more about the most promising clean energy possibilities as UCalgary researchers David Wood, Viola Birss and Mishka Lysack discuss the latest developments in the generation, storage and adoption of renewables.
See the full webinar recording at: http://go.ucalgary.ca/2017-06-08RenewableEnergyWebinar_LPRegistration.html
This document discusses embodied energy and embodied carbon of structural building materials based on a literature review and analysis. It begins by defining key concepts like embodied energy, embodied carbon, and life cycle assessment methodology. It then provides taxonomy for embodied energy and carbon definitions found in literature. Next, it describes common structural building materials used worldwide like concrete, steel, masonry, rammed earth, and wood. The document aims to illustrate trends in embodied energy and carbon research over time and provide a systematic summary of literature data reporting ranges of embodied energy and carbon values for different materials. It finds a lack of standardization and disagreement in assessment methods and data used.
The document is a seminar report on green energy that discusses various renewable energy sources including biomass energy. It provides an overview of green energy and why it is important to use. It then discusses biomass energy in detail. Biomass energy is the conversion of organic material from plants and crops into useful forms of energy. It notes that biomass was the first energy source harnessed by humans. While biomass accounts for a large portion of energy in developing countries, modernized biomass technologies can help biomass play a more significant role worldwide in a cleaner, more efficient manner.
POTENTIAL OPTION FOR COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC (CFD) SCHEME IN BIODIESEL ST...IAEME Publication
Biodiesel fuel represents a unique opportunity in the current global energy
scenario owing to its sustainability, renewability and potential to be universally
accessible. Experimental and analytical works have established a mismatch between
fuel chemistry and current diesel engine design. This, to some extent, accounts for
observed challenges in performance and emissions from engines running on biodiesel.
Computational schemes have played an increasingly important role in defining the
scope of these challenges. Computational models’ reliability has improved over time
in predicting engine performance and emissions. Identifying a combustion strategy
that works best for biodiesel is a research imperative. This review presents some of
the strategies that have the potential to enhance biodiesel’s advantages and mitigate
the observed challenges
As society struggles to find clean, affordable, and reliable energy alternatives to meet the energy challenge and mitigate global climate change, it is important that scientists and policy-makers around the world work together to explore solutions.
To present the Swiss perspective on sustainable energy alternatives for the future, professor Konstantinos Boulouchos of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ) will share the complex interaction between the energy and climate change challenges and provide insight into the ongoing debate surrounding long-term strategic targets like the 2,000-watt versus the one-ton CO2 society.
Modelling alternative fuel production technologies for the Danish energy and ...IEA-ETSAP
1) The document summarizes a presentation about modeling alternative fuel production technologies for Denmark using residual biomass like agricultural straw.
2) It discusses current Danish energy production and use of biomass, as well as alternative pathways for using straw like biogas production, combustion for heat/power, bioethanol production, and biomass to liquid technologies.
3) Scenarios were modeled in TIMES-DK to analyze the optimal use of straw, with results showing a combination of BTL and biogas technologies provided the most cost effective solution while use for heat/power alone was least attractive.
Similar to Miljöeffekter vid användning av elektrobränslen inom transportsektorn (20)
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Mastering the Concepts Tested in the Databricks Certified Data Engineer Assoc...SkillCertProExams
• For a full set of 760+ questions. Go to
https://skillcertpro.com/product/databricks-certified-data-engineer-associate-exam-questions/
• SkillCertPro offers detailed explanations to each question which helps to understand the concepts better.
• It is recommended to score above 85% in SkillCertPro exams before attempting a real exam.
• SkillCertPro updates exam questions every 2 weeks.
• You will get life time access and life time free updates
• SkillCertPro assures 100% pass guarantee in first attempt.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
Miljöeffekter vid användning av elektrobränslen inom transportsektorn
1. Miljöeffekter vid användning av
elektrobränslen inom transportsektorn
Elin Malmgren, Selma Brynolf, Julia Hansson, Maria Grahn I 2021.01
2. 2021-01-17
Framtidens transportbränslen
Järnväg
Flyg
Sjöfart
Väg (korta
avstånd)
Väg (längre
avstånd)
Elektrolysör
CO2
Vatten
Produktion av
elektrobränslen
ENERGIKÄLLOR ENERGIBÄRARE FRAMDRIVNINGSTEKNIKER TRANSPORTSÄTT
FCV
(bränsleceller)
Nuvarande
forskningsfokus
BEV, PHEV
(batterielektrisk)
Induktiv och
ledande
elektrisk
ICEV, HEV
(förbränningsmotor
er och hybrider)
Elektricitet
Flytande
bränslen
Fossilt
Biomassa
Sol,vind etc
Gas
Vätgas
5. 2021-01-17
[J]
Råmaterialutvinning
• Gruvdrift
• Vattenanvändning
• Odling av lignocellulosa
• Organiskt avfall
• …
Elektrolysör
• Alkaline
• PEM
• SOEL
• …
End of
life
Distribution
• Rörledning
• Skeppstransport
• Bränslestations-
distribution
• Lastbilstransport
• …
Kapitalvaror
Bränsleanvändning
• Förbränning i tungt
fordon
• Förbränning i personbil
• Flygplan
• Balansering av energi-
överskott i elsystemet
• …
Koldioxidinfångning
• Rengöring av rökgaser
• Uppgradering av
biogas
• Transport av ren ström
• Termisk förgasning
• …
Bränslesyntes
• Fischer-Tropsch
• Metanol syntes
• DME syntes
• OME syntes
• …
Energiproduktion
• Electricitetsproduktion
• Värmeproduktion
• …
Koldioxid"production”
• Biogasanläggning
• Direct air capture
• Naturgaskraftverk
• Kolkraftverk
• Avfallsförbrännings-
anläggning
• Förgasning av biomassa
• …
Vattenproduktion
• Destillering
• Avjonisering
• …
Produktion av
kapitalvaror
Distribution av
kapitalvaror
Användning av
kapitalvaror
End of life för
kapitalvaror
[A]
[B]
[I]
[C]
[E]
[D]
[F]
[G]
[H]
6. 2021-01-17
Klimatpåverkan
• Stora variationer i de övergripande siffrorna
• Mer liknande resultat vid närmare analys
• Huvudsakliga utsläppskällorna är
• Elektricitetsproduktion
• Koldioxidinfångning
• Naturgas som värmekälla
6
-50
80
22.48
27.57
57.7
62.79
38.88
40.04
-40
-20
-40
300
-87
473
-101.5
-97
-62
-59
-54.5
-4.8
6
38.5
49
174
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
[2]
[4]
[9] - wind power
[9] - wind power
[9] - NG heat
[9] - NG heat
[9] - electric boiler
[9] - electric boiler
[8] - min
[8] - max
[10] - min
[10] - max
[10] - min*
[10] - max*
[1]
[1]
[10] - 2050 min
[10] - 2050 max
[2]
[8] - min
[4]
[8] - max
[10] - 2020 min
[10] - 2020 max
DMEOMEMetanMetanol
g CO2 eq./MJ bränsle
Fig. Utsläpp av växthusgaser enligt olika studier – Vagga-till-tank
7. 2021-01-17
Avgörande aspekter
• Flera studier pepar på att elektrobränslen ger lägre
utsläpp än fossila bränslen om en hög andel
förnyelsebar el används [5,8-10,21,22,27,31,36]
• Valet av koldioxidkälla eller metodiken för att hantera
koldioxidkällan påverkar resultaten
• Val av källa för värmetillförsel viktig
7
18.2
29
12
3
8
330
650
11
28
14.1
16.7
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
[19]
[21]
[21]
[10] - 2050 min
[10] - 2050 max
[10] - 2020 min
[10] - 2020 max
[35]
[35]
[19]
[19]
DieselFlyg
g CO2 eq./MJ bränsle
Fig. Utsläpp av växthusgaser enligt olika studier – Vagga-till-grav
8. 2021-01-17
Land och vatten
Direkt landanvändning och vattenförbrukning
• Omnämns som centrala för jämförelser med bioalternativ
• Endast enkla analyser identifierade [35],[38]
• Stökiometriska samband i huvudsak användan för vattenkonsumption
8
Vattenkonsumtion i elektrolysören
(kg H2O/kg H2)
[8], [9], [12],
[21], [22],
[28]
8.85-9
[4] 11.23
[30] 11.36
[4] 13.5
[29] 16.68
9. 2021-01-17
Andra miljöeffekter
Giftighet för människan, partikelemissioner, övergödning och försurning
• Andra utsläpp än vad som traditionellt tittar på behöver tas med i analyserna
• Materielbehov i byggprocesser driver elektrobränslenas påverkan på människors hälsa [1, 24, 29]
• Övergödning och försurning berörs, och verkar vara liknande dagens fossila i de analyser
som gjorts [5,20]
• OME som inblandningsbränsle minskar hälsoutsläpp[17]
• DME har formaldehyde som restprodukt vilket kan leda till negativa hälsoeffekter [2]
• Huvudfokuset har varit på klimateffekter
9
10. 2021-01-17
Slutsats
Resultaten pekar på att en övergång till elektrobränslen skulle minska
miljöeffekterna jämfört med fossila bränslen och är därmed ettvkompliment
till biogena alternativ, men mer forskning som jämför elektrobränslen med
framtidens förnyelsebara drivlinor behövs.
10
11. 2021-01-17
Iva Ridjan Skov,
Aahlborg Universitet
Andrei David Korberg,
Aahlborg Universitet Tim Wallington,
Ford
Jim Anderson,
Ford
Selma Brynolf
Maria Grahn Elin Malmgren
Julia Hansson
Tack till mina medförfattare!
Både i detta utdrag och artikeln som helhet
12. 2021-01-17
Referenser
12 1/17/2021
1. Biernacki, P.; Röther, T.; Paul, W.; Werner, P.; Steinigeweg, S. Environmental impact of the excess electricity conversion into methanol. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 191, 87-98, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.232.
2. Matzen, M.; Demirel, Y. Methanol and dimethyl ether from renewable hydrogen and carbon dioxide: Alternative fuels production and life-cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 139, 1068-1077,
doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.163.
3. Pérez-Fortes, M.; Schöneberger, J.C.; Boulamanti, A.; Harrison, G.; Tzimas, E. Formic acid synthesis using CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental evaluation and market potential. International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy 2016, 41, 16444-16462, doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.199.
4. Fernández-Dacosta, C.; Shen, L.; Schakel, W.; Ramirez, A.; Kramer, G.J. Potential and challenges of low-carbon energy options: Comparative assessment of alternative fuels for the transport sector. Applied Energy 2019, 236, 590-
606, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.055.
5. Sternberg, A.; Bardow, A. Life Cycle Assessment of Power-to-Gas: Syngas vs Methane. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2016, 4, 4156-4165, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00644.
6. Walker, S.B.; van Lanen, D.; Mukherjee, U.; Fowler, M. Greenhouse gas emissions reductions from applications of Power-to-Gas in power generation. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2017, 20, 25-32,
doi:10.1016/j.seta.2017.02.003.
7. Castellani, B.; Rinaldi, S.; Bonamente, E.; Nicolini, A.; Rossi, F.; Cotana, F. Carbon and energy footprint of the hydrate-based biogas upgrading process integrated with CO2 valorization. Sci Total Environ 2018, 615, 404-411,
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.254.
8. Hoppe, W.; Thonemann, N.; Bringezu, S. Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide-Based Production of Methane and Methanol and Derived Polymers. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2018, 22, 327-340, doi:10.1111/jiec.12583.
9. Bokinge, P.; Heyne, S.; Harvey, S. Renewable OME from biomass and electricity—Evaluating carbon footprint and energy performance. Energy Science & Engineering 2020, 8, 2587-2598, doi:10.1002/ese3.687.
10. Artz, J.; Muller, T.E.; Thenert, K.; Kleinekorte, J.; Meys, R.; Sternberg, A.; Bardow, A.; Leitner, W. Sustainable Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: An Integrated Review of Catalysis and Life Cycle Assessment. Chem Rev 2018, 118, 434-
504, doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00435.
11. Albrecht, F.G.; Nguyen, T.-V. Prospects of electrofuels to defossilize transportation in Denmark – A techno-economic and ecological analysis. Energy 2020, 192, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116511.
12. Albrecht, F.G.; Nguyen, T.-V. Prospects of electrofuels to defossilize transportation in Denmark – A techno-economic and ecological analysis. Energy 2020, 192, 116511, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116511.
13. Pérez-Fortes, M.; Schöneberger, J.C.; Boulamanti, A.; Tzimas, E. Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment. Applied Energy 2016, 161, 718-732,
doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.067.
14. Llera, E.; Romeo, L.M.; Bailera, M.; Osorio, J.L. Exploring the integration of the power to gas technologies and the sustainable transport. International Journal of Energy Production and Management 2018, 3, 1-9, doi:10.2495/eq-
v3-n1-1-9.
15. Daggash, H.A.; Patzschke, C.F.; Heuberger, C.F.; Zhu, L.; Hellgardt, K.; Fennell, P.S.; Bhave, A.N.; Bardow, A.; Mac Dowell, N. Closing the carbon cycle to maximise climate change mitigation: power-to-methanolvs.power-to-direct
air capture. Sustain Energ Fuels 2018, 2, 1153-1169, doi:10.1039/c8se00061a.
16. Schmidt, P.; Batteiger, V.; Roth, A.; Weindorf, W.; Raksha, T. Power-to-Liquids as Renewable Fuel Option for Aviation: A Review. Chem Ing Tech 2018, 90, 127-140, doi:10.1002/cite.201700129.
17. Deutz, S.; Bongartz, D.; Heuser, B.; Kätelhön, A.; Schulze Langenhorst, L.; Omari, A.; Walters, M.; Klankermayer, J.; Leitner, W.; Mitsos, A., et al. Cleaner production of cleaner fuels: wind-to-wheel – environmental assessment of
CO2-based oxymethylene ether as a drop-in fuel. Energ Environ Sci 2018, 11, 331-343, doi:10.1039/c7ee01657c.
18. Monaco, F.; Lanzini, A.; Santarelli, M. Making synthetic fuels for the road transportation sector via solid oxide electrolysis and catalytic upgrade using recovered carbon dioxide and residual biomass. J Clean Prod 2018, 170, 160-
173, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.141.
19. Bongartz, D.; Dore, L.; Eichler, K.; Grube, T.; Heuser, B.; Hombach, L.E.; Robinius, M.; Pischinger, S.; Stolten, D.; Walther, G., et al. Comparison of light-duty transportation fuels produced from renewable hydrogen and green
carbon dioxide. Appl Energ 2018, 231, 757-767, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.106.
20. Koj, J.C.; Wulf, C.; Linssen, J.; Schreiber, A.; Zapp, P. Utilisation of excess electricity in different Power-to-Transport chains and their environmental assessment. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018,
64, 23-35, doi:10.1016/j.trd.2018.01.016.
21. Liu, C.M.; Sandhu, N.K.; McCoy, S.T.; Bergerson, J.A. A life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from direct air capture and Fischer-Tropsch fuel production. Sustain. Energy Fuels 2020, 4, 3129-3142,
doi:10.1039/c9se00479c.
13. 2021-01-1713
22. Uusitalo, V.; Väisänen, S.; Inkeri, E.; Soukka, R. Potential for greenhouse gas emission reductions using surplus electricity in hydrogen, methane and methanol production via electrolysis. Energy Conversion and Management 2017,
134, 125-134, doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.12.031.
23. Collet, P.; Flottes, E.; Favre, A.; Raynal, L.; Pierre, H.; Capela, S.; Peregrina, C. Techno-economic and Life Cycle Assessment of methane production via biogas upgrading and power to gas technology. Appl Energ 2017, 192, 282-295,
doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.181.
24. Zhang, X.; Bauer, C.; Mutel, C.L.; Volkart, K. Life Cycle Assessment of Power-to-Gas: Approaches, system variations and their environmental implications. Appl Energ 2017, 190, 326-338, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.098.
25. Vo, T.T.Q.; Xia, A.; Rogan, F.; Wall, D.M.; Murphy, J.D. Sustainability assessment of large-scale storage technologies for surplus electricity using group multi-criteria decision analysis. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2016,
19, 689-703, doi:10.1007/s10098-016-1250-8.
26. Parra, D.; Zhang, X.; Bauer, C.; Patel, M.K. An integrated techno-economic and life cycle environmental assessment of power-to-gas systems. Appl Energ 2017, 193, 440-454, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.063.
27. Koj, J.C.; Wulf, C.; Zapp, P. Environmental impacts of power-to-X systems - A review of technological and methodological choices in Life Cycle Assessments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 112, 865-879,
doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.029.
28. Trieb, F.; Moser, M.; Kern, J. Liquid Solar Fuel – Liquid hydrocarbons from solar energy and biomass. Energy 2018, 153, 1-11, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.027.
29. Tschiggerl, K.; Sledz, C.; Topic, M. Considering environmental impacts of energy storage technologies: A life cycle assessment of power-to-gas business models. Energy 2018, 160, 1091-1100, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.105.
30. Vo, T.T.Q.; Rajendran, K.; Murphy, J.D. Can power to methane systems be sustainable and can they improve the carbon intensity of renewable methane when used to upgrade biogas produced from grass and slurry? Applied Energy
2018, 228, 1046-1056, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.139.
31. Bongartz, D.; Doré, L.; Eichler, K.; Grube, T.; Heuser, B.; Hombach, L.E.; Robinius, M.; Pischinger, S.; Stolten, D.; Walther, G., et al. Comparison of light-duty transportation fuels produced from renewable hydrogen and green carbon
dioxide. Appl Energ 2018, 231, 757-767, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.106.
32. Hoppe, W.; Thonemann, N.; Bringezu, S. Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide–Based Production of Methane and Methanol and Derived Polymers. J Ind Ecol 2018, 22, 327-340, doi:10.1111/jiec.12583.
33. Sternberg, A.; Bardow, A. Power-to-What? – Environmental assessment of energy storage systems. Energ Environ Sci 2015, 8, 389-400, doi:10.1039/c4ee03051f.
34. Zhang, X.J.; Witte, J.; Schildhauer, T.; Bauer, C. Life cycle assessment of power-to-gas with biogas as the carbon source. Sustain Energ Fuels 2020, 4, 1427-1436, doi:10.1039/c9se00986h.
35. Schmitt, C.M. Research in Clinical Practice. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 2006, 16, 751-773.
36. Goh, C.S.; Lee, K.T. A visionary and conceptual macroalgae-based third-generation bioethanol (TGB) biorefinery in Sabah, Malaysia as an underlay for renewable and sustainable development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews 2010, 14, 842-848.
37. Liu, X.; Elgowainy, A.; Wang, M. Life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of ammonia production from renewable resources and industrial by-products. Green Chem 2020, 22, 5751-5761, doi:10.1039/d0gc02301a.
38. Searle, S.; Christensen, A. Decarbonization Potential of Electrofuels in the European Union. White paper. International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), Washington DC, USA 2018.
39. Hannula, I.; Reiner, D.M. Near-Term Potential of Biofuels, Electrofuels, and Battery Electric Vehicles in Decarbonizing Road Transport. Joule 2019, 3, 2390-2402, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.08.013.
40. Chisalita, D.-A.; Petrescu, L.; Cormos, C.-C. Environmental evaluation of european ammonia production considering various hydrogen supply chains. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 130,
doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109964.
41. Hansson, J.; Brynolf, S.; Fridell, E.; Lehtveer, M. The Potential Role of Ammonia as Marine Fuel-Based on Energy Systems Modeling and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Sustainability-Basel 2020, 12, doi:ARTN 3265
10.3390/su12083265.
14. 2021-01-17
Referenser för systembildF) Cradle to grave, not including electricity source nor CC: Fernández-
Dacosta, et al. 2019
G) Cradle-to-grave, including elecvtricty not including CC or water: KOj
2018, Walker 2017
Cradle-to-grave including CC, not energy, water nor distribution
H) Cradle to grave inc. energy production and CC, distriubution:
Bongartz, et al. 2018, Uusitalo 2017 Collet 2017, Zhang 2017
I) Cradle to grave inc. carbon production and energy production:
Deutz, et al. 2018,
J) Crade-to-grave including CG production and end of life, and carbon
production, CC, Energy production , water, and electrolysis, not
distribution: Liu 2020, Matzen 2016
Cradle to grave including capital goods:
A) Gate to gate, and electricity production: Perez-Fortes 2016
B) Cradle to gate: ; Tschiggerl, et al. 2018 ; Matzen and
Demirel 2016; Pérez-Fortes, et al. 2016a; Sternberg and
Bardow 2016; Walker, et al. 2017; Artz, et al. 2018
C) Cradle to gate inc. carbon capture and energy production:
Biernacki, et al. 2018 (however only for one of the cases, the
other no energy production included), Bokinge 2020, Artz 2018
D) Cradle to gate inc. carbon capture, energy production and
water production: Hoppe 2018
E) Cradle to gate inc. carbon production, carbon capture, raw
material extraction and energy production: Sternberg 2016
Editor's Notes
Miljöeffekter vid användning av elektrobränslen inom transportsektorn
Författare: Elin Malmgren, Selma Brynolf, Julia Hansson, Maria Grahn I 2021.01
Publikation kommande i foro av en bredare review över elektrobränslesartiklar
Det saknas studier som tar med materialanvändningen i fordon och kapital, speglar också I att få studier jämför miljöeffekterna med elektrisk drift eller bränsleceller.
FT diesel, OME, DME – värme central
Vilken exakt nivå av gram växthusgaser per kWh från elen som skulle leda till minskningar varierar. Där vissa studier föreslår att utsläpp i nivåer med dagens tyska elmarknad vore nog medans andra föreslår att lägre nivåer krävs . Dessa resultat är dock känsliga för antaganden kring metodik för att beräkna utsläppen och vilka energikällor som används i bränsleproduktionen.
Det är känt att konsumptionen av vatten är högre än så för elektrolysören I sig självt, men siffror upp till 18 liter på kg vätgas