2. ➢ Continuing financial crisis. The continuing
crisis in the European Region continues to lead
the United Kingdom into exiting the European
Union.
2
3. ➢ Conflict between sovereignty and regional
stability. The Philippines had a difficulty in
letting some countries support its condemnation
of China’s occupation of the West Philippine Sea
because China had given great investments and
economic aid to these countries.
3
4. ➢ Differing visions of regionalism. Developed
countries like the US may only see regionalism as
a tool for political democratization, but
developing countries see regionalism as an
obstacle to economic globalization because
public inquiry slows down its implementations.
4
5. How do different
Asian states confront
the challenges of
globalization and
regionalization?
5
7. ➢ founded on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia,
Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the
Philippines
➢ promoted economic growth, social
progress and cultural development in the
Southeast Asian region through
multilateral cooperation
7
8. How many countries are in the ASEAN
2023?
➢ 10 member states
➢ The Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) is a fast growing trade
block of 10 member states: Brunei,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia,
Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand and Vietnam.
8
10. Indonesia
➢ Capital: Jakarta
➢ Population: 264 million (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Democratic Republic
➢ Government Leader: Joko Widodo (President)
➢ Currency: Rupiah (0.0037 Php)
10
22. Malaysia
➢ Capital: Kuala Lumpur
➢ Population: 31.62 million (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Federal Constitutional
Monarchy Government Leaders: Muhammad V of
Kelantan (King); Mahathir Bin Mohamad (Prime
Minister)
➢ Currency: Ringgit (12.99 Php)
22
33. Philippines
➢ Capital: Manila
➢ Population: 104.9 million (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Democratic Republic
➢ Government Leader: Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.
(President)
➢ Currency: Philippine Peso
33
34. Vietnam
➢ Capital: Hanoi
➢ Population: 95.54 million (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Communist
➢ Government Leader: Nguyen Phu Trong
(President & Head of Party); Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
(Prime Minister)
➢ Currency: Vietnamese dong (0.0023 Php)
34
35. Cambodia
➢ Capital: Phnom Penh
➢ Population: 16.01 million (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Constitutional Monarchy
➢ Government Leader: Hun Sen (President and
Prime Minister)
➢ Currency: Cambodian riel (0.013 Php)
35
36. Brunei
➢ Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
➢ Population: 428,697 (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Absolute Monarchy
➢ Government Leader: Sultan Haji Hassanal
Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah
➢ Currency: Brunei Dollar (39.11 Php)
36
37. Myanmar
➢ Capital: Naypyidaw
➢ Population: 53.37 million (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Parliamentary Republic
Government Leader: Win Myint (President)
➢ Currency: Burmese kyat (0.034)
37
38. Laos
➢ Capital: Vientiane
➢ Population: 6.858 million (2017)
➢ Type of Government: Communist State
➢ Government Leader: Bounnhang Vorachith
➢ Currency: Lao kip (0.0062 Php)
38
39. ➢ Energy and environmental concerns- Rapid
economic growth for Asia has led to reliance on
economic imports, increasing the importance of
sea lanes and transformational routes.
➢ Asian states need to empower Science and
technology so that its citizens can eventually
discover or create sustainable energy sources.
39
40. ➢ Migration- The combination of rapidly growing
populations in much of the developing world,
increasingly porous national boarders, and
disparities in economic growth rates have sparked
a dramatic increase in international migration.
➢ Like Malaysia, other Asian countries need to
deploy troops and naval vessels to limit the
arrival of migrants.
40
41. ➢ Organized crime and threats from “non-state”
actors- Through the increasing ease of
communication and transportation flows, and
growing permeability of national borders,
organized crime networks, terrorism drugs and
weapon traffickers, and even human smugglers
face fewer constraints on their activity.
➢ Asian states must enable stricter laws on
national security.
41
42. ➢ Weakening regional institutions because of rifts (gap)
between authoritarian members of ASEAN- “Flexible
engagement” allows for countries to comment on each
other’s internal policy matters; these counties can monitor
economic indicators for signs of impending crisis.
➢ Asian countries need to preserve their sovereignty,
meaning they should not allow other states to exert
influence on their political decisions.
42
43. ➢ Shifts in balance of power- Deepening economic
integration gives rise to regional economic blocks that
competes for power and influence.
➢ Asian countries need to work together as one region
instead of competing for power, and rise against Western
economic dominance.
43
44. ➢ Expanding Roles of the Military- With lingering traditional
threats, the prospect of increased internal tensions in Asian
countries, and the emergence of new security challenges
will place high demand on regional militaries. Increasing
demand for military will likely coincide with a period of
declining resources.
➢ So as to avoid the declining of resources, countries can
adopt conscription methods similar to that of South
Korea wherein men are required to do compulsory
military conscription for a few years and go back to their
lives eventually. 44
45. ➢ Globalization and Democracy- Authoritarian regimes
suffer more from the effect of globalization than states that
embrace transparency, accountability and the rule of law
because these are norms that are the backbone of
democratic and free-market societies.
➢ Asian countries may have to adopt democracy in order to
have an efficient economic system that is well-criticized
and is therefore well-reviewed by the mass. This way, the
processes become more efficient.
45
