This document discusses broad spectrum antibiotics. It begins with definitions of key terms like antibiotic, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. It then covers the history of antibiotics from traditional empirical uses to the modern era including the discoveries of penicillin and other drugs. The document categorizes antibiotics based on their spectrum of activity, mechanism of action, source, and susceptible organisms. It also addresses principles of antibiotic therapy such as selection, combinations, prophylaxis, resistance, and misuse.
This document provides an overview of antibiotics, including their history, classification, mechanisms of action, and principles of administration. It discusses how antibiotics are classified based on their targets in bacteria and spectra of activity. Common antibiotics are also reviewed, along with how bacteria can develop resistance through modifications to antibiotic targets, altered uptake or efflux, and antibiotic inactivation through enzymes. Proper dosing, timing, route, and monitoring of patients are important to achieve the desired therapeutic effects of antibiotics.
This document discusses antibiotics. It begins by defining antibiotics as chemical compounds that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. It then provides a brief history of antibiotics, noting that penicillin was the first antibiotic successfully used to treat bacterial infections. The document goes on to classify antibiotics based on their chemical structure and mechanism of action. It also discusses antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use.
development of antimicrobial agents which can overcome the antimicrobial resi...Arijit Goswami
as the microorganisms are increasingly becoming resistant to conventional antibiotics therefore there is a need of some new antimicrobial gents which can overcome the resistance and also helps to stop the overuse and mishandling of antibiotics
AS MICROORGANISIMS ARE INCREASINGLY BECOMING RESISTANT TO CONVENTIONAL ANTIBIOTICS,SO THERE IS ANEED OF NEW ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS WHICH CAN OVERCOME THE RESISTANCE AND HELPS IN REDUCING THE OVERUSE AND MISHANDLING OF ANTIBIOTICS
E. coli is susceptible to ampicillin (zone 25 mm), intermediate sensitive to tetracycline (zone 14 mm), and resistant to streptomycin (zone 8 mm). S. aureus is moderately susceptible to ampicillin (zone 18 mm) and susceptible to tetracycline (zone 22 mm).
Antibacterial drugs work by selectively targeting processes that are unique to or more important in bacteria and fungi than humans. Antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and others. Selecting an antibiotic requires identifying the infecting microorganism, determining its drug susceptibilities, considering the infection site, and weighing costs and side effects. Principles for antibiotic use include empiric treatment while awaiting test results, documenting reasons for treatment changes, reviewing therapy based on test results, and considering dose adjustments for things like renal impairment. Antibiotics may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on their mechanisms and concentrations needed to inhibit or kill microbes.
ANTIBIOTICS - ALL U WANT U KNW ( FOR MEDICAL& PHARMA STUDENTS) !Aaromal Satheesh
This document provides information about a pharmacotherapeutics assignment on antibiotics submitted by a student. It includes an introduction to antibiotics that describes how they work and their different types. It then covers various topics related to antibiotics like their sources, classifications, mechanisms of action, specific drug classes like penicillins and cephalosporins, and adverse effects. The assignment appears to provide an overview of key concepts regarding antibiotics.
This document discusses broad spectrum antibiotics. It begins with definitions of key terms like antibiotic, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. It then covers the history of antibiotics from traditional empirical uses to the modern era including the discoveries of penicillin and other drugs. The document categorizes antibiotics based on their spectrum of activity, mechanism of action, source, and susceptible organisms. It also addresses principles of antibiotic therapy such as selection, combinations, prophylaxis, resistance, and misuse.
This document provides an overview of antibiotics, including their history, classification, mechanisms of action, and principles of administration. It discusses how antibiotics are classified based on their targets in bacteria and spectra of activity. Common antibiotics are also reviewed, along with how bacteria can develop resistance through modifications to antibiotic targets, altered uptake or efflux, and antibiotic inactivation through enzymes. Proper dosing, timing, route, and monitoring of patients are important to achieve the desired therapeutic effects of antibiotics.
This document discusses antibiotics. It begins by defining antibiotics as chemical compounds that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. It then provides a brief history of antibiotics, noting that penicillin was the first antibiotic successfully used to treat bacterial infections. The document goes on to classify antibiotics based on their chemical structure and mechanism of action. It also discusses antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use.
development of antimicrobial agents which can overcome the antimicrobial resi...Arijit Goswami
as the microorganisms are increasingly becoming resistant to conventional antibiotics therefore there is a need of some new antimicrobial gents which can overcome the resistance and also helps to stop the overuse and mishandling of antibiotics
AS MICROORGANISIMS ARE INCREASINGLY BECOMING RESISTANT TO CONVENTIONAL ANTIBIOTICS,SO THERE IS ANEED OF NEW ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS WHICH CAN OVERCOME THE RESISTANCE AND HELPS IN REDUCING THE OVERUSE AND MISHANDLING OF ANTIBIOTICS
E. coli is susceptible to ampicillin (zone 25 mm), intermediate sensitive to tetracycline (zone 14 mm), and resistant to streptomycin (zone 8 mm). S. aureus is moderately susceptible to ampicillin (zone 18 mm) and susceptible to tetracycline (zone 22 mm).
Antibacterial drugs work by selectively targeting processes that are unique to or more important in bacteria and fungi than humans. Antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and others. Selecting an antibiotic requires identifying the infecting microorganism, determining its drug susceptibilities, considering the infection site, and weighing costs and side effects. Principles for antibiotic use include empiric treatment while awaiting test results, documenting reasons for treatment changes, reviewing therapy based on test results, and considering dose adjustments for things like renal impairment. Antibiotics may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on their mechanisms and concentrations needed to inhibit or kill microbes.
ANTIBIOTICS - ALL U WANT U KNW ( FOR MEDICAL& PHARMA STUDENTS) !Aaromal Satheesh
This document provides information about a pharmacotherapeutics assignment on antibiotics submitted by a student. It includes an introduction to antibiotics that describes how they work and their different types. It then covers various topics related to antibiotics like their sources, classifications, mechanisms of action, specific drug classes like penicillins and cephalosporins, and adverse effects. The assignment appears to provide an overview of key concepts regarding antibiotics.
The fight against antibiotic resistance needs the attention of all and sundry...Food borne diseases are somehow inevitable; so is the fight against...We all need to come together to strategize on actions that can curb and combat this global menace
Management of antibiotic resistance uploadAnimesh Gupta
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and its management. It defines antibiotic resistance as when microorganisms become resistant to drugs that previously treated infections from them. It outlines various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and lists priority resistant bacteria. It also discusses superbugs and different strategies to manage antibiotic resistance like prudent antibiotic use, infection control, developing new drugs, and reducing agricultural overuse of antibiotics.
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacology. It discusses that pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on living organisms. The main branches of pharmacology described are pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, clinical pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacometrics. Sources of drugs include plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms, and chemicals synthesized in the laboratory. The composition of drugs can include inorganic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, oils, tannins, gums, resins, antibiotics and hormones. Drugs have three names - a chemical name, approved name, and trade name.
This document discusses antibiotics used in periodontics. It defines key terms like antibiotic, antimicrobial, and provides classifications of antibiotics based on chemical structure, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, and source. It outlines guidelines for antibiotic use in periodontal disease, including indications, choosing an antibiotic based on patient and microbe factors, dosing principles, and duration of therapy. Systemic and local antibiotic administration methods are discussed. Common antibiotics used in periodontics that have been extensively evaluated are also listed.
AMR & Alternative Stratergies - MicrobiologySijo A
Antibiotic resistance poses one of the most important health challenges of the 21st century.
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has already led to a significant increase in human disease and death.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 2.8 million people worldwide are infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, accounting for 35,000 deaths each year in the U.S. and 700,000 deaths around the globe.
penicillin in dentistry (ANTIBIOTICS) - by shefali jainpradeepjain24
Penicillin was the first widely used antibiotic, discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. It works by inhibiting the final step of bacterial cell wall synthesis, preventing cross-linking and leading to cell lysis. It is primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria. There are natural, semi-synthetic, and extended-spectrum forms of penicillin that differ in their spectra of activity and resistance to degradation. Penicillin works by binding to penicillin-binding proteins in bacteria and inhibiting cell wall synthesis, causing cell death.
Decision making in systemic antibiotic therapy.pptxPrasanthThalur
This document discusses the use of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontal disease. It provides information on types of antibiotic therapy, current understanding of the microbial etiology of periodontal disease, and guidelines for periodontal therapy. Systematic reviews have found additional benefits of adjunctive antibiotics including improved clinical attachment level gains and reduced risk of further attachment loss. However, questions remain about which specific antibiotics or combinations are most appropriate for different forms of periodontal infections. The document also discusses the rationale for using systemic antibiotics as well as their limitations when biofilms are present. It provides criteria for an ideal antibiotic for periodontal therapy and discusses various antibiotic options and their administration.
This document discusses antimicrobial therapy and antibiotics. It defines antimicrobials and antibiotics, and classifies them according to their spectrum (narrow, broad) and mechanism of action (inhibiting cell wall, protein, nucleic acid synthesis). It discusses antibiotic resistance and guidelines for prescribing antibiotics appropriately. It also provides an overview on treating odontogenic (dental) infections with antimicrobial therapy.
Rational Use of Antibiotics. Infection was a major cause of morbidity and mortality, before the development of antibiotics.
The treatment of infections faced a great challenge during those periods.
Later in 1928, the discovery of Penicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, by Alexander Fleming opened up the golden era of antibiotics.
It marked a revolution in the treatment of infectious diseases and stimulated new efforts to synthesize newer antibiotics.
The period between the 1950s and 1970s is considered the golden era of discovery of novel antibiotic classes, with very few classes discovered since then.
This document provides an overview of antibiotic therapy, including its classification, mechanisms of action, and mechanisms of drug resistance. It begins with an introduction to antimicrobial agents and their natural and synthetic origins. It then classifies antimicrobial drugs based on their target microorganism, antibacterial activity, bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects, and time or concentration dependent properties. The mechanisms of action of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral drugs are described. Finally, the four main categories of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms are outlined.
Classification; General principles in antibacterial chemotherapy-Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
1. Antimicrobial drugs can be classified into five main categories based on their mechanism of action, source, spectrum of activity, chemical structure, and function.
2. Examples of classes of antimicrobial agents include beta-lactam drugs, protein inhibitors such as tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, DNA synthesis inhibitors like fluoroquinolones.
3. Antimicrobial drugs are used to treat microbial infections and include antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antivirals such as acyclovir and idoxuridine.
This document provides an overview of antibiotics used in periodontics. It begins with an introduction to antibiotics and their historical background. It then covers classification of antimicrobial agents based on chemical structure, mechanism of action, organisms targeted, and spectrum of activity. Guidelines for antibiotic use in periodontal diseases are presented, along with the diseases where antibiotics can be used. Commonly used antibiotics like tetracycline, doxycycline, metronidazole, penicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate are described in detail. The document concludes with a reference to research on systemic antibiotic use in periodontics.
Classification; General principles in antibacterial chemotherapy-by Dr.Jibach...Dr. Jibachha Sah
Classification; General principles in antibacterial chemotherapy-by Dr.Jibachha Sah is lecturer notes of B.V.Sc & A.H. students seventh semester on Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology(Chemotherapy)
This document outlines objectives and content for a unit on antimicrobial medications. It discusses key terms like antimicrobial, antibiotic, and mechanisms of action. The objectives are to review common concepts of antimicrobial therapy including mechanisms of action, indications, nursing implications, and dosage calculations. Content covers different drug types, sources, targets, effects, spectrum of activity, resistance, and ideal properties. Combination drug therapy is also addressed.
The document discusses various topics related to antibiotics including their history, definitions, classifications, mechanisms of action, and guidelines for use. Some key points:
- Antibiotics are drugs produced by microorganisms that inhibit or destroy other microorganisms. They can be naturally occurring, semisynthetic, or synthetic.
- Major classifications include based on chemical structure, mechanism of action, type of organism targeted, and spectrum of activity.
- Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be used clinically in 1941. Extended-spectrum penicillins like ampicillin are broad-spectrum and cover both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria commonly causing dental infections.
- Guidelines emphasize accurate diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic selection
This document provides an overview of antimicrobial drugs used to treat and prevent infections. It begins with objectives of reviewing key concepts of antimicrobial therapy. It then discusses mechanisms of action for different classes of antimicrobials including why antibiotics only target bacterial cells. The remainder of the document covers specific classes of antimicrobial drugs like beta-lactams, macrolides, and vancomycin. It provides details on indications, mechanisms of action, and important nursing considerations for each drug class.
Intro to Antibacterial drugs (Final Draft).pptxAroobaAthar
This document provides an introduction to antibiotic therapy. It defines antibiotics and chemotherapy, and classifies antibiotics based on their mode of action and spectrum. It discusses the major types of antibiotics, including bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents, and narrow and broad spectrum antibiotics. The document also covers antibiotic resistance mechanisms, sources of antimicrobials, superinfections, and defines an antibiogram.
This document discusses principles of antimicrobial therapy. It begins by classifying antimicrobials based on their source, mechanism of action, spectrum, and effect on microorganisms. Different mechanisms of action for various classes of antimicrobials are described. A clinical approach for rational prescribing is then outlined, including confirming the presence of an infection, selecting agents based on patient factors and tissue penetration, and determining dosing based on pharmacodynamics. Monitoring efficacy and toxicity is also discussed. Adverse effects like hypersensitivity, superinfection, and antibiotic resistance are reviewed.
The fight against antibiotic resistance needs the attention of all and sundry...Food borne diseases are somehow inevitable; so is the fight against...We all need to come together to strategize on actions that can curb and combat this global menace
Management of antibiotic resistance uploadAnimesh Gupta
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and its management. It defines antibiotic resistance as when microorganisms become resistant to drugs that previously treated infections from them. It outlines various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and lists priority resistant bacteria. It also discusses superbugs and different strategies to manage antibiotic resistance like prudent antibiotic use, infection control, developing new drugs, and reducing agricultural overuse of antibiotics.
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacology. It discusses that pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on living organisms. The main branches of pharmacology described are pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, clinical pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacometrics. Sources of drugs include plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms, and chemicals synthesized in the laboratory. The composition of drugs can include inorganic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, oils, tannins, gums, resins, antibiotics and hormones. Drugs have three names - a chemical name, approved name, and trade name.
This document discusses antibiotics used in periodontics. It defines key terms like antibiotic, antimicrobial, and provides classifications of antibiotics based on chemical structure, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, and source. It outlines guidelines for antibiotic use in periodontal disease, including indications, choosing an antibiotic based on patient and microbe factors, dosing principles, and duration of therapy. Systemic and local antibiotic administration methods are discussed. Common antibiotics used in periodontics that have been extensively evaluated are also listed.
AMR & Alternative Stratergies - MicrobiologySijo A
Antibiotic resistance poses one of the most important health challenges of the 21st century.
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has already led to a significant increase in human disease and death.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 2.8 million people worldwide are infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, accounting for 35,000 deaths each year in the U.S. and 700,000 deaths around the globe.
penicillin in dentistry (ANTIBIOTICS) - by shefali jainpradeepjain24
Penicillin was the first widely used antibiotic, discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. It works by inhibiting the final step of bacterial cell wall synthesis, preventing cross-linking and leading to cell lysis. It is primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria. There are natural, semi-synthetic, and extended-spectrum forms of penicillin that differ in their spectra of activity and resistance to degradation. Penicillin works by binding to penicillin-binding proteins in bacteria and inhibiting cell wall synthesis, causing cell death.
Decision making in systemic antibiotic therapy.pptxPrasanthThalur
This document discusses the use of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontal disease. It provides information on types of antibiotic therapy, current understanding of the microbial etiology of periodontal disease, and guidelines for periodontal therapy. Systematic reviews have found additional benefits of adjunctive antibiotics including improved clinical attachment level gains and reduced risk of further attachment loss. However, questions remain about which specific antibiotics or combinations are most appropriate for different forms of periodontal infections. The document also discusses the rationale for using systemic antibiotics as well as their limitations when biofilms are present. It provides criteria for an ideal antibiotic for periodontal therapy and discusses various antibiotic options and their administration.
This document discusses antimicrobial therapy and antibiotics. It defines antimicrobials and antibiotics, and classifies them according to their spectrum (narrow, broad) and mechanism of action (inhibiting cell wall, protein, nucleic acid synthesis). It discusses antibiotic resistance and guidelines for prescribing antibiotics appropriately. It also provides an overview on treating odontogenic (dental) infections with antimicrobial therapy.
Rational Use of Antibiotics. Infection was a major cause of morbidity and mortality, before the development of antibiotics.
The treatment of infections faced a great challenge during those periods.
Later in 1928, the discovery of Penicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, by Alexander Fleming opened up the golden era of antibiotics.
It marked a revolution in the treatment of infectious diseases and stimulated new efforts to synthesize newer antibiotics.
The period between the 1950s and 1970s is considered the golden era of discovery of novel antibiotic classes, with very few classes discovered since then.
This document provides an overview of antibiotic therapy, including its classification, mechanisms of action, and mechanisms of drug resistance. It begins with an introduction to antimicrobial agents and their natural and synthetic origins. It then classifies antimicrobial drugs based on their target microorganism, antibacterial activity, bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects, and time or concentration dependent properties. The mechanisms of action of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral drugs are described. Finally, the four main categories of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms are outlined.
Classification; General principles in antibacterial chemotherapy-Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
1. Antimicrobial drugs can be classified into five main categories based on their mechanism of action, source, spectrum of activity, chemical structure, and function.
2. Examples of classes of antimicrobial agents include beta-lactam drugs, protein inhibitors such as tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, DNA synthesis inhibitors like fluoroquinolones.
3. Antimicrobial drugs are used to treat microbial infections and include antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antivirals such as acyclovir and idoxuridine.
This document provides an overview of antibiotics used in periodontics. It begins with an introduction to antibiotics and their historical background. It then covers classification of antimicrobial agents based on chemical structure, mechanism of action, organisms targeted, and spectrum of activity. Guidelines for antibiotic use in periodontal diseases are presented, along with the diseases where antibiotics can be used. Commonly used antibiotics like tetracycline, doxycycline, metronidazole, penicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate are described in detail. The document concludes with a reference to research on systemic antibiotic use in periodontics.
Classification; General principles in antibacterial chemotherapy-by Dr.Jibach...Dr. Jibachha Sah
Classification; General principles in antibacterial chemotherapy-by Dr.Jibachha Sah is lecturer notes of B.V.Sc & A.H. students seventh semester on Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology(Chemotherapy)
This document outlines objectives and content for a unit on antimicrobial medications. It discusses key terms like antimicrobial, antibiotic, and mechanisms of action. The objectives are to review common concepts of antimicrobial therapy including mechanisms of action, indications, nursing implications, and dosage calculations. Content covers different drug types, sources, targets, effects, spectrum of activity, resistance, and ideal properties. Combination drug therapy is also addressed.
The document discusses various topics related to antibiotics including their history, definitions, classifications, mechanisms of action, and guidelines for use. Some key points:
- Antibiotics are drugs produced by microorganisms that inhibit or destroy other microorganisms. They can be naturally occurring, semisynthetic, or synthetic.
- Major classifications include based on chemical structure, mechanism of action, type of organism targeted, and spectrum of activity.
- Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be used clinically in 1941. Extended-spectrum penicillins like ampicillin are broad-spectrum and cover both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria commonly causing dental infections.
- Guidelines emphasize accurate diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic selection
This document provides an overview of antimicrobial drugs used to treat and prevent infections. It begins with objectives of reviewing key concepts of antimicrobial therapy. It then discusses mechanisms of action for different classes of antimicrobials including why antibiotics only target bacterial cells. The remainder of the document covers specific classes of antimicrobial drugs like beta-lactams, macrolides, and vancomycin. It provides details on indications, mechanisms of action, and important nursing considerations for each drug class.
Intro to Antibacterial drugs (Final Draft).pptxAroobaAthar
This document provides an introduction to antibiotic therapy. It defines antibiotics and chemotherapy, and classifies antibiotics based on their mode of action and spectrum. It discusses the major types of antibiotics, including bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents, and narrow and broad spectrum antibiotics. The document also covers antibiotic resistance mechanisms, sources of antimicrobials, superinfections, and defines an antibiogram.
This document discusses principles of antimicrobial therapy. It begins by classifying antimicrobials based on their source, mechanism of action, spectrum, and effect on microorganisms. Different mechanisms of action for various classes of antimicrobials are described. A clinical approach for rational prescribing is then outlined, including confirming the presence of an infection, selecting agents based on patient factors and tissue penetration, and determining dosing based on pharmacodynamics. Monitoring efficacy and toxicity is also discussed. Adverse effects like hypersensitivity, superinfection, and antibiotic resistance are reviewed.
Similar to Microbiology_ ANTIBIOTICS , HARSHITA HADA 232E. .pdf (20)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
4. Introduction
Antibiotics are a class of drugs that inhibit the
growth of or destroy bacteria. ( anti - against,
bios - life ).
They are essential for treating bacterial
infections.
Antibiotics came into worldwide prominence with the
introduction of penicillin in 1941. Since then they have
revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections in
humans and other animals
5. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Antibiotics are naturally
derived or synthetic
compounds
They target bacteria, not
viruses or fungi.
They can be administered orally,
topically, or intravenously.
Prescribed by healthcare
professionals
6. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
•Antibacterial agents are any
compounds natural, synthetic, or
semi-synthetic that are clinically useful
in the treatment of bacterial infections.
•Bacteriostatic agents
(sulfonamides,chloramphenicol) inhibit
bacterial growth
•Bacteriocidal agents (penicillin,
streptomycin) significantly reduce the
number of viable bacteria in the
culture. Bactericidal agents generally
kill only growing organisms
8. A
Research
Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all
Preclinical
Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
Experimentation
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
Results
Saturn is a gas giant with
several rings
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
SPECTRUM OF ACTION
Conclusions
Neptune is very far from
the Sun
B C D E
9. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SOURCE
Based on the nature of the source, antibiotics can be
grouped into the following:
(i) natural compounds obtained from
microorganisms;
(ii) semi-synthetic members that are structurally
modified natural products; and
(iii) synthetic products.
Natural antibiotics (benzylpenicillin,
cephalosporins and gentamicin) present a critical
inconvenience, high toxicity, whereas
semi-synthetic (ampicillin and amikacin) and
synthetic antibiotics (moxifloxacin and norfloxacin)
ones exhibit an augmented therapeutical effect and
a lower toxicity as compared to natural antibiotics
11. —Someone Famous
“This is a quote, words full of
wisdom that someone
important said and can make
the reader get inspired.”
12. Conclusions
ANTIBIOTICS ARE CRUCIAL FOR TREATING BACTERIAL
INFECTIONS .
THEY CAN BE CLASSIFIED BY DIFFERENT GROUPS BY
THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION , MECHANISM OF
ACTION , THEIR SOURCE ETC.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IS A GROWING CONCERN .
OVERUSE AND MISUSE CAN LEAD TO RESISTANCE .
PROPER USE AND STEWARDSHIP ARE ESSENTIAL.
13. CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik
By : HARSHITA HADA , 232E
Thank you
for your
attention .
