Prime Video streams content to millions of customers worldwide while optimizing for reliability, quality, and cost. It uses several AWS services like Elemental MediaConnect, MediaLive, and MediaPackage to deliver video across regions. Observability of critical metrics like availability, performance, quality, and cost is key to management. Reliability is ensured by working backwards from service level agreements of individual components. Cost optimization is achieved by developing metrics, measuring current performance, identifying levers to reduce costs, modeling changes, and implementing improvements. Security covers network, transport and content layers. Sustainability is emphasized through initiatives like using 100% renewable energy by 2025.

1. Mile-High Video Presentation:
How Prime Video Streams to millions whilst Optimising for
Reliability, Quality and Cost
May 2023
1

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Observability
3. Reliability
4. Cost Optimisation
5. Security
6. Sustainability
7. Conclusion
2

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
3

4. Ben Forman (He/Him)
Global Head of Live Channels Architecture,
Prime Video
AMAZON CONFIDENTIAL
Introduction
4

5. PRIME VIDEO
5

6. 6
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Direct Connect
Region
Region
Amazon QuickSight AWS Cost &
Usage Report
Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon CloudWatch
Mobile client
Fire TV
1. Introduction

7. 7
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Direct Connect
Region
Region
Amazon QuickSight AWS Cost &
Usage Report
Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon CloudWatch
Mobile client
Fire TV
1. Introduction

8. 8
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Direct Connect
Region
Region
Amazon QuickSight AWS Cost &
Usage Report
Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon CloudWatch
Mobile client
Fire TV
1. Introduction

9. 1. Introduction
9
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Direct Connect
Region
Region
Amazon QuickSight AWS Cost &
Usage Report
Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon CloudWatch
Mobile client
Fire TV

10. 2. OBSERVABILITY
10

11. Peter Drucker: Management consultant, educator and author (1909-2005)
11
“You can't manage
what you can’t
measure.”
2. Observability

12. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
12
2. Observability

13. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
13
2. Observability
Availability

14. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
14
2. Observability
Availability
Performance

15. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
15
2. Observability
Availability
Performance
Quality

16. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
Availability
Performance
Quality
Cost
16
2. Observability

17. 17
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Direct Connect
Region
Region
Amazon QuickSight AWS Cost &
Usage Report
Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon CloudWatch
Mobile client
Fire TV
2. Observability

18. 2017
2. Observability
18
2021

19. AMAZON CONFIDENTIAL 19
3. RELIABILITY

20. Werner Vogels, VP & CTO Amazon.com
20
“Everything fails, all
the time.”
3.Reliability

21. AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
Work backwards from your SLA
Region
3.Reliability
MediaConnect, MediaLive and MediaPackage
each have an SLA of 99.9%

22. AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
Work backwards from your SLA
MediaConnect, MediaLive and MediaPackage
each have an SLA of 99.9%
Availability = Availability of x ∗ Availability of y
(A=AxAy​)​ etc.
99.9% * 99.9% *99.9% = 99.7%
Region
3.Reliability

23. MediaConnect, MediaLive and MediaPackage
each have an SLA of 99.9%
Availability = Availability of x ∗ Availability of y
(A=AxAy​)​ etc.
99.9% * 99.9% *99.9% = 99.7%
3.Reliability
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
Region 1
Work backwards from your SLA
A=1-((1−Ax)(1−Ay)​)
A=1-(1-99.7)2
= 99.9991%
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
Region 2

24. 24
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Direct Connect
Region
Region
Amazon QuickSight AWS Cost &
Usage Report
Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon CloudWatch
Mobile client
Fire TV
3.Reliability

25. 4. COST OPTIMISATION
25

26. Andy Jassy, CEO, Amazon.com
26
4. Cost optimisation
“Customers tell us
that they’re not cost –
cutting as much as cost-
optimizing”

27. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
27
4. Cost optimisation

28. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
Develop or Identify a Metric
28
4. Cost optimisation

29. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
Develop or Identify a Metric
Measure
29
4. Cost optimisation

30. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
Develop or Identify a Metric
Measure
Identify the Levers
30
4. Cost optimisation

31. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
Develop or Identify a Metric
Measure
Identify the Levers
Model changes
31
4. Cost optimisation

32. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
Develop or Identify a Metric
Measure
Identify the Levers
Model changes
Implement the Changes
32
4. Cost optimisation

33. Identify the metrics which are critical to
your business
33
Measure
Model
Implement
4. Cost optimisation

34. 34
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Direct Connect
Region
Region
Amazon QuickSight AWS Cost &
Usage Report
Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon CloudWatch
Mobile client
Fire TV
4. Cost optimisation

35. 5. SECURITY
35

36. 5. Security
Network
Transport
Content
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
Region
AWS Elemental
MediaConnect
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
Region

37. 6. SUSTAINABILITY
37

38. 38
6. Sustainability
Amazon is on path to
reach 100% renewable
energy by 2025 – five years
ahead of its original 2030
commitment.

39. 39
Measure
Model
Implement
6. Sustainability
AWS Well Architected
Review for Sustainability
AWS Customer Carbon
Footprint Tool

40. 40
Measure
Model
Implement
6. Sustainability
99.2% lower
MTCO2e since
December 2021

41. 7. CONCLUSION
41

42. 42
7. Conclusion
Watching TV should just be
just like watching TV

43. Optimization doesn’t have to mean
trading-off
We can improve reliability, and
quality whilst reducing cost
43
7. Conclusion

44. Peter Drucker: Management consultant, educator and author (1909-2005)
44
“You can't manage
what you can’t
measure.”
2. Observability

45. THANK
YOU