This document provides a guide to questions for the MGT 307 Final Exam. It includes 38 multiple choice questions covering topics such as scientific methods, organizational behavior goals, managing organizational culture, ethics, managerial work, cross-cultural communication, team performance, conflict management styles, motivation theories, power and politics in organizations, and leadership. The questions assess understanding of key concepts and ability to distinguish between correct and incorrect statements about each topic area.

1. MGT 307 Final Exam Guide 7
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MGT 307 Final Exam Guide 7
1) Scientific methods models link _________________ - presumed causes, with
_________________ - outcomes, of practical value and interest.
A. independent variables, dependent variables.
B. discovered variables, with undisclosed variables.
C. proven variables, non-proven variables.
D. specific variables, contingency variables.
2) From its scientific heritage, organizational behavior has developed all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. an emphasis on finding the “one best way” to complete a task.
B. contingency thinking.
C. use of scientific methods.
D. an interdisciplinary body of knowledge.
3) Organizational behavior goals include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. improve the performance of people.
B. improve the level of organizational profits.
C. improve the quality of overall work life.
D. improve the performance of organizations.
4) Managers can modify the __________ of culture, such as the language, stories,
rites, rituals, and sagas.
A. vocal aspects

2. B. oral aspects
C. verbal aspects
D. visible aspects
5) In the context of the three important levels of cultural analysis in organizations, the
level referred to as __________ can play a critical part in linking people together and
can provide a powerful motivational mechanism for members of the culture.
A. shared values
B. common culture
C. implicit culture
D. observable culture
6) Which of the following statements about the management of organizational culture
is NOT correct?
A. good managers are able to help build resilient cultures in situations where the
features of strong cultures are absent.
B. corporate culture can be managed by using organizational development
techniques to modify specific elements of the culture that address both external
adaptation and internal integration.
C. dictate rules from the top of the organization.
D. corporate culture can be managed by directly modifying the observable culture,
shared values, and common assumptions that deal with issues of external adaptation.
7) When it comes to ethics and morality, scholar Archie B. Carroll draws a distinction
between __________.
A. immoral managers, amoral managers and ethical managers
B. immoral managers, amoral managers and moral managers
C. amoral managers, ethical managers and moral managers
D. immoral managers, ethical managers and unethical managers
8) According to the research conducted on the nature of managerial work, which of
the following is false?
A. managers work at fragmented and varied tasks.
B. managers spend much time working alone.
C. managers work with many communication media.
D. managers work long hours.

3. 9) Common forms of unintentional ethics lapses that individuals should guard against
include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. prejudice that derives from unconscious stereotypes and attitudes.
B. favoring others who can benefit someone.
C. promoting people who excel in their respective positions.
D. claiming too much personal credit for one’s performance contributions.
10) Which of the following statements about the role of language in cross-cultural
communication is NOT correct?
A. Members of low-context cultures are very explicit in using the spoken and
written word.
B. Australia, Canada and the United States have low-context cultures.
C. In high-context cultures, must of the message communicated must be inferred
or interpreted from the context, which includes body language, the physical setting
and past relationships.
D. In low-context cultures, the message is rarely conveyed by the words someone
uses, with greater emphasis on the “context” in which the words are spoken.
11) The difficulties with cross-cultural communication are perhaps most obvious with
respect to __________.
A. geographic differences
B. language differences
C. lifestyle differences
D. religious differences
12) __________ are important to spot since non-verbals can add insight into what is
really being said in face-to-face communication.
A. Mangled messages.
B. Mixed messages.
C. Merged messages.
D. Perceptual distractions.
13) All of these actions can be used to help create a high-performing team EXCEPT:
A. giving negative feedback.
B. setting the tone in the first team meeting.
C. having members spend time together.
D. find ways to create early “success.”

4. 14) __________ may exist at all levels of responsibility, from the individual work unit
composed of a team leader and team members to the top management team composed
of a CEO and other senior executives.
A. Teams that review things.
B. Teams that run things.
C. Teams that make or do things.
D. Teams that evaluate things.
15) A high-performing team can be created by doing the all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. communicating high-performance standards.
B. creating a sense of urgency.
C. ensuring that new information is kept to a minimum.
D. making sure members have the right skills.
16) Ken is being cooperative but unassertive with his employees during a conflict
situation. He tries to smooth over their differences but it only produces a false sense of
harmony among them. Ken is using which conflict management style?
A. avoidance
B. compromise
C. accommodation
D. competition
17) Suppose that a manager responds to a disagreement between subordinates by
saying: “I don’t want to get in the middle of your personal disputes.” This manager is
using which conflict management style?
A. avoidance
B. unassertive
C. accommodation
D. authoritative command
18) The conflict management style of __________involves being cooperative and
unassertive. This style is characterized by letting the wishes of others rule, and
smoothing over or overlooking differences to maintain harmony.
A. avoidance

5. B. collaboration
C. completion
D. accommodation
19) Content theories attempt to explain work behaviors based on _______________.
A. the relationship between values and attitudes.
B. pathways to need satisfaction and the influence of blocked needs.
C. perceptions on-the-job.
D. the impact of individual ethics on business decisions.
20) In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________.
A. the length of time a person sticks with a given action.
B. the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy.
C. an individual’s choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives.
D. the amount of effort a person puts forth.
21) In the context of motivation, level refers to __________.
A. the consequences of an individual’s behavior.
B. the amount of effort a person puts forth.
C. the length of time a person sticks with a given action.
D. the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy.
22) In general, chances for long-term group success are better when the group input
foundations – tasks; goals, rewards, and resources; technology; membership diversity;
and group size – are stronger.
A. True
B. False
23) Research indicates that diversity among team members rarely creates performance
difficulties early in the team’s life or stage of development.
A. True
B. False

6. 24) Even though homogeneous teams may struggle in the short run to resolve issues,
they are also likely to develop enhanced performance potential once things are worked
out.
A. True
B. False
25) Eustress has a negative impact on both attitudes and performance.
A. True
B. False
26) Stress is a potential source of both anxiety and frustration, which can harm the
body’s physiological and psychological well-being over time.
A. True
B. False
27) Employee assistance programs are designed to provide help to employees who are
experiencing personal problems and the stress associated with them.
A. True
B. False
28) In today’s modern organization the base for power and politics rests on a system
of authority. Which of the following statements about legitimacy regarding power is
NOT correct?
A. senior managers may justify their lofty positions within organizations by
separating themselves from stockholders.
B. in other societies, “higher authority” does not have a bureaucratic or
organizational reference but consists of those with moral authority such as tribal
chiefs, religious leaders, etc.
C. in U.S. firms, “higher authority” denotes those close to the top of the corporate
pyramid.
D. in firms, the legitimacy of those at the top increasingly derives from their
positions as representatives for various constituencies.
29) The essence of power is __________
A. having a Machiavellian personality.

7. B. a distinguished reputation.
C. personal desire.
D. control over the behavior of others.
30) Which one of the following statements does NOT provide an accurate description
of Stanley Milgram’s experiments?
A. the basic conclusion of Milgram’s studies is there is a tendency for individuals
to comply with and be obedient to authority.
B. experimental subjects were instructed to give what they believed were
successively higher levels of electric shocks to people who missed the word pairs
C. Milgram designed a series of experiments to determine the extent to which
people obey the commands of an authority figure, even if they believe they are
endangering the life of another person.
D. the experimental results revealed that 35 percent of the subjects subjected the
“learner” to the maximum level of shock and the remaining 65 percent refused to obey
the experimenter at various intermediate points.
31) A high-performing team can be created by communicating high-performance
standards, having members spend time together, creating a sense of urgency, making
sure members have the right skills, and rewarding high performance.
A. True
B. False
32) High-performance teams have strong core values that help guide their attitudes
and behaviors in directions consistent with the team’s purpose.
A. True
B. False
33) High-performance teams have special characteristics that allow them to excel at
teamwork and achieve special performance advantages.
A. True
B. False
34) All of the following statements about shared leaderships are correct EXCEPT:

8. A. the key distinction between shared leadership and traditional models of
leadership is that the influence process involves more than just downward influence
on subordinates by an appointed or elective e leader.
B. leadership today is not restricted simply to the vertical influence of a single
individual but to other people as well.
C. the influence process often involves peer or lateral influence.
D. leadership is restricted among a set of individuals who act in the role of a
superior.
35) Four of the CLT leadership dimensions are:
A. implicit, explicit, specific, detailed.
B. self-protective, autonomous, humane-oriented, team-oriented.
C. autonomous, participative, driven, focus-oriented.
D. charismatic/value based, systematic, future orientation, performance driven.
36) Behavior strategies include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. self reward
B. self observation
C. self goal setting
D. self accomplishment
37) Large systems tend to be susceptible to the __________, wherein managers fail to
monitor their environments, recognize the important trends, or sense the need for
change, and consequently their organizations slowly lose their competitive edge.
A. proactive phenomenon
B. impatience trap
C. immobility trap
D. boiled frog phenomenon
38) One of the foremost trends in management involves using __________ to
streamline operations and reduce staff in order to lower costs and raise productivity.
A. total quality management
B. reengineering techniques
C. just-in time inventory control
D. information technology

9. 39) The obvious organizational design response to uncertainty and volatility is to opt
for a more __________ form.
A. centralized
B. bureaucratic
C. mechanistic
D. organic