Metronidazole, general presentation.. by patroba jonathan in tapsa sjut
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
Pharmacist of the week is the special programme designed by TAPSA-SJUT
to equip pharmacy students with various knowledge about
pharmacy practice and especially the general role of the pharmacist in
both clinical and community pharmacy
This is aimed at increasing confidence and competence to these
young upcoming pharmacists
Therefore TAPSA expects that by attending and participating fully in
this programme, the pharmacists from St. John’s University of
Tanzania will not only be competent and confident, but also
courageous enough to defend their right views whenever needed
3. WHAT WILL BE DONE AND
HOW??
Presentation from one among students
Prompt or on spot questions from the
presented matters
Teacher (professional) contribution and
experience sharing
As it will be judged by the mass, more
elaborations from superiors or seniors
and most probably in the next period.
5. METRONIDAZOLE
Metronidazole (flagyl) is a synthetic antiprotozoal and antibacterial
agent,( l-β-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, which has the
following structural formula:
6. It belongs to the group of nitro
imidazoles
Other members related to metronidazole
are tinidazole and others
Flagyl tablets contain 250 mg or 500 mg
of metronidazole. Inactive ingredients
include cellulose, hydroxypropyl
cellulose, polyethylene glycol, stearic
acid, and titanium dioxide.
8. MECHANISM OF ACTION
Metronidazole acts by inhibiting
nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting
the DNA of microbial cells. This
function only occurs when
metronidazole is partially reduced,
and because this reduction usually
happens only in anaerobic cells, it has
relatively little effect upon human
cells or aerobic cells
11. SIDE EFFECTS OF
METRONIDAZOLE
epigastric distress
Seisures
Metallic taste
Darkening of urine
Peripheral neuropathy
Pancreatitis
Hepatitis
Fever
Reversible neutropenia
12. DRUG INTERACTIONS
DRUG INTERACTION
ALCOHOL Mild disulfiram like reaction (Nausea,
headache, vomiting, abdominal cramps)
ANTICOAGULANTS (WARFARIN) Prolonged PT(Prothrombin time)
CIMETIDINE Prolong half life & decrease clearance of
Metronidazole
PHENYTOIN & PHENOBARBITONE Decrease serum concentration and
increase metabolism of Metronidazole
13. WHAT HAPPENS IF ONE MISSES
THE DOSE
The decision of drug dose is a
practical issue after many complicated
trials both in-vitro and in-vivo
Missing a dose in any cause of
treatment will disturb the optimal
therapeutic concentration which in
turn may compromise treatment, and
hence impair healing.
14. WHAT IF ACCIDENTALY THE FIRST
TRIMESTER PREGNANT MOTHER HAS
TAKEN METRONIDAZOLE
The ideal practice is to prevent any incidence of taking Metronidazole
by a lactating and the pregnant women, especially during the first
trimester, however it might happen accidentaly. The following
measures should be taken:
Advice the patient to stop taking the next dose and immediately meet her doctor
Based on the assumption that the doctor/prescriber doesn’t remember what should
be done:
Advice the doctor since there is no specific antidote for metronidazole, the patient should be treated
symptomatically accompanied by supportive treatment
15. IMPORTANT THINGS TO
REMEMBER BEFORE DISPENSING
AMnyE wToRmOaNn iInD cAhZildO bLeEaring age should be asked if
she is pregnant
Any old man should be asked about history of
chronic illness, especially hepatic and renal
diseases.
Social history must inquire alcohol consumption of
the patient
Patient should be asked about other medications
he/she is taking as well as other important
questions like allergies and intolerances
