The Métis developed an effective system of self-governance. Métis camps were led by a chief and an inner council of 10 captains who made rules for hunting expeditions. Louis Riel established the first Métis provisional government in 1869 to negotiate Manitoba's entry into Canada, securing recognition of Métis rights. Gabriel Dumont was later elected president in 1873 to lead one of the first official Métis governments, forming an eight-person council.