The document summarizes an urban infrastructure development project in Tianshui, China. The project has four components: (1) upgrading the heating network in Qinzhou district, (2) constructing new roads and bridges including flood control facilities, (3) improving urban transport, and (4) strengthening institutional capacity. Component 1 involves building a new heating plant and network to replace small, coal-fired boilers to reduce pollution. Component 2 includes constructing a new road and embankments along the Xi River to control floods. The project aims to promote sustainable urbanization and improve living conditions in Tianshui through modernizing infrastructure systems.

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Metamorphosis
An Explore of Gansu Tianshui’s Urban Development Project
Aaron Caté
December 20, 2013
Beijing University of Technology
EPIS Project Report

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Table of Contents
Abstract………………………………………………………….…………………………3
I. Introduction……………………………………………………….……………..…4
II. The Project Objectives……………………………………………………..………5
III. Component A………………………………………………………….……………5
a. Qinzhou District Heating Network….…………………………………...…5
b. District Heating Network Benefits…………………………………………6
c. Effects and Concerns…………………………………………….…………7
IV. Component B & C………………………………………………………….………9
a. Chengji road and flood control facilities…………………………...………9
b. Benefits……………………………………………………………………10
c. Issues and Concerns………………………………………………………11
d. Construction………………………….…………………………….…..…17
e. Sunjiaping Xi River Bridge……………………………………….………18
f. Xiakou Wei River…………………………………………………………19
g. EMP and Aim Points…………………………………………...…………19
V. Component D and Financial Funds………………………………………….……21
a. Capacity Development……………………………………………………21
b. Project Costs & Financial Funds………………………….………………23
VI. Infinity: Concluding Remarks ……………………………………………………25
References……………………………………………….…………………….………….27

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Abstract:
Although China is playing a magnificent role on global economy with emphasis on
manufacture, imports and exports, China is essentially a developing country and is in the
works of improving their living standards as its population increases. These results in
challenges for politicians, business people and engineers—politicians are professionally
involved in activities associated with governance; business people work on generating
revenue for a country’s economy; and an engineer’s work lies between the scientific
discoveries and applications that meet the needs of society: designing and building
materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by
practicality, safety and cost. Most of the texts in this literature are based on to my own
involvement as a member of an engineering team responsible for with the urban
infrastructure development project in China’s City of Tianshui of Gansu Province. As a
member of a team responsible in Tianshui’s urban infrastructure development project, I
found my own views on observing China’s engineering world by working on a project
with aims of geotechnical concerns over a new transportation system and replacing facing
a myriad of domestic coal-fired heating boilers with a new heating source plant reduce
pollutant emissions.

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I. INTRODUCTION
In 1949, when the dawn of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established, the
transformation of China’s industrial system has changed quite rapidly; especially since
1978, when the country transitioned from a centrally planned system into an accelerating
modern industrial society that plays a major role on the global scale. Presently, China has
been in the lead in the production of coal, iron, steel, cement autos and petroleum. China’s
manufacturing industry also provides various equipment, ranging from power generating
equipment to footwear, toys, food processing, and consumer electronics including high-
speed computers and telecommunications equipment. China is also known for producing
yarn, cloths, silk, knitting wool, and synthetic fibers. by improving agricultural production,
and decentralizing state authority and reducing government planning and control—
allowing local leaders to outreach numerous ways to privatize state sectors and energize
the economy.
During the 1980s
China began opening up the doors to foreign businesses trades as
well as foreign economic and technological cooperation, and foreign currency
management which
encouraged the opening of China to foreign imports and the promotion
of exports and foreign direct investment. Tax systems were also reformed in the 1990s to
coordinate tax services and auditing operations and combining taxes paid by local and
international firms. Tax revenue grew as a result. China eventually became a member of
the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001
and
the
Chinese economy eventually
surpassed Japan nine years later (2010) and became Asia’s largest economy industry and
the second largest economy in the world after the United States
Although China has accomplished many goals throughout the past three decades,
there have been countless amount of struggles and is steel a developing country;
poverty
reduction and environmental protection remain the primary fundamental challenges for the
Chinese government. The contents of this literature will explore the Tianshui Urban
Infrastructure Development Project, a perfect example regarding China’s path to
development and improvement within the rural regions

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II. THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives to this project consists of promoting a balanced and
environmentally sustainable urbanization, and improving the living conditions in Tianshui,
a second-tier city in Gansu Province, P.R. China. The Project is comprised in four
components: a) Qinzhou district heating network; b) Chengji road and flood control
facilities; c) Tianshui urban transport improvements; and d) Capacity development and
institutional strengthening.
The project will support the restructuring and expansion of the heating networks,
new constructions of urban roads and bridges including improved flood control services,
and improved urban management capacity. The Project is partially funded by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), a regional development bank that facilitates economic
development in Asian countries. ADB approved a loan on June 29, 2011, which became
effective the following year on May 14, 2012. Construction is expected to be in
completion by late June 2016 with the loan closing by 31 December 2016.
III. COMPONENT A:
a) Qinzhou District Heating Network
For the first component of the project, the newly improved heating network plan
consists of upgrading the central heating network of Qinzhou district by shutting down a
myriad of traditional coal-fired boilers and building a major heat transmission system wish
a 33.7 kilometer span and a combined heat and power plant (CHP), with a total capacity of
700 megawatts and will supply hot water to the district heating network.. Project Output
A also consists of increasing the district-heating coverage by a proposed area of 11-
million square-meters and constructing new 76 heat-exchange stations. The project
Component A: Upgrading the heating network of Qinzhou district comprises of six civil
works contracts (CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 and CH5) which are listed in Table 1 below:

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Table 1: Qinzhou District Heating Network Contracts (From the ADB Review)
The scope of Component A’s heating network includes: assembling a 33.7-
kilometer distance end-to-end network and 76 new heat exchange stations and a regulating
center. The implementation of the new heating network will decommission 194 small
boilers, and some of the existing boiler houses will be renovated into the new heat
exchange stations. 40 heat exchange stations will be installed at the existing boiler houses,
and other 36 new heat exchange stations will be built.
b.) District Heating Network Benefits
Based on the results with the interviews of local residents, the average heating cost
for each household is 1,200 RMB. In early 2012, the heating service tariff in Tianshui was
adjusted from 18 RMB up to 21.2 RMB per square meter for supplying heat during the
cold seasons. Some of the residents are willing to pay the adjusted heating fee of 21.2
RMB per square meter and the interviewees agree that the district heating network will be
safer improve heating stoves; furthermore, they are satisfied to be additionally charged by
Item
General
Description
Estimated
Amount (RMB)
Prequalification of
Bidders
Advertisement
Date
ADB
Review
CH1 Control Center
and Heat
Exchange Works
(including power
supply)
Lklkllklkf l41,430,400 Yes June 2014 Prior
CH2 Piping: Chiyu to
Hongshan
60,005,500 No March 2014 Post
CH3 Piping: Jianyuan
to Chengji 59,529,800 No Aug 2014 Post
CH4 Piping:
Xihuangdadao
West
55,537,500 No Aug 2014 Post
CH5 Piping: Dazhong,
Minzu, and
Minshan
49,771,100 No Aug 2014 Post
CH6 Piping: Yibin, Xi
River North,
Xihuandadao
Middle
42,299,600 No Aug 2014 Post

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heat meter for heating service because they agreed that the heating network will save
energy and will improve the air quality
c.) Effects and Concerns
Instead of the CHP plant, the Tianshui Heating Company will fully invest and built
a heat-only coal-fired boiler plant located 6-kilometers west of Qinzhou District, Tianshui.
And as a result of the Qinzhou district heating network outcomes, a total 649 boilers
workers in 103 boiler property owners to some extent will be affected by the shutdown of
small boiler houses.
Some local residents in Qinzhou District will not be willing to pay the 21.2 RMB
heating tariff because some of them cannot afford the heating supply. In 2012 a total of
47,889 people were within the poverty zone with monthly incomes as far as below 306
RMB per individual.
A total of boiler house workers will be affected by the closure of the small boiler
houses including 251 formal staff (35 females included) and 398 temporary employees.
Among them, 50 workers will lose their job due to the Project implementation, of which

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there are 12 women workers who are heating cashiers. An additional total 649 workers
will be affected by the closure of small boilers houses including 50 workers from two
professional heating enterprises from Tianfang Heating Company and Gansu Province
Chunfeng Group Company. On average the salary of the affected workers in Gansu
Province Chunfeng Group Company is 1,500 RMB per month per person, of which
women workers share the equal salary rate with men workers. The remaining formal staffs
are employees in public institutions or enterprises, full-time involving in routine service
work such as water and electrical equipment repair, gardening, cleaning and sanitation,
coupled with part-time engaging in heating supply service in the heating season. On
average the salary for them varies from 1,200 RMB to 3,000 RMB per person on monthly
salaries.
Figure 1: A prepared design plan for the new heating source plant to be placed on bordering farmlands
In terms of these issues addressed, the labor program has been largely revised based
on re-investigation in August and October 2013 through focus group discussions with
affected workers and various interviews with leaders or managers of affected heating
supply organizations. The re-employment of affected workers has been planned and
scheduled in the labor program. The ADB mission emphasized that the affected workers’
original incomes should be maintained. Therefore, based on the initial assessment about
several formal workers will lose about RMB 400 RMB per capita which they previously
earned as an additional income during the heating season. Also, the Tianshui Project

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Management Office (TPMO) needs to collect more detailed information of the workers
which regard to their original income levels and income losses due to close down of
boilers through more public consultation, and to provide strategies to ensure that the
original income levels are maintained. It is agreed that by January 2014, the revised labor
re-employment plan will be submitted to ADB.
The sensitivity analysis presented in Table 2 below reveals that Component A’s
FIRR will be most sensitive to changes in revenues and operating costs—mainly hot water
off take payments to the Qinzhou Heat Source Plant, which will consume about 75% of
total operating costs. Therefore, maintaining tariff levels and controlling off take payments
will be crucial in ensuring the component’s financial viability.
Table 2: Recommended Index of Design Load for Heating
Building type Residential Residential
complex
School, office Hospital,
nursery
Shop
No Energy-
saving
58-64 60-67 65-80 65-80 65-80
Energy saving
mode
40-45 45-55 50-70 55-70 55-70
IV. COMPONENT B & C:
a.) Chengji road and flood control facilities
The objectives for this output is constructing the 12-kilometer spanned Chengji
road and a 10.6-kilimeter-flood control embankment along the north bank of the Xi River,
including two large bridges, with related facilities. Improving the City of Tianshui’s roads
and transportation facilities consist of constructing four new roads with a total length of
4.9 kilometers and rehabilitating one 2-kilometer long road. The second aim of this output
is the construction of three new bridges and the installation of drainage pipelines and
sewers, and sufficient transportation services including road-safety qualities, public green
regions, and street lighting with energy saving efficiencies
The construction of the Chengji road and flood control facilities comprises a total of 5
civil works contracts that have been awarded (C01, C02, C03, C04 and C05):

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• C01: Chengji Road and integrated flood control facilities (K0+000~K3+250).
o Located in the north bank of Xi River with the proposed flood control
facilities
• C02: Sunjiaping Xi River Bridge
o Consisting of 9 spans three unit bridge, complete with a 180-meter
floodway; a 60-meter concrete embankment-filling slope; and a 40,000 m3
roadbed excavation
• C03: Chengji Road and integrated flood control facilities (K3+650~K7+000)
o Roadwork with a medium- size bridge
• C04: Chengji Road and integrated flood control facilities (K7+000~K10+360
o Contains roadwork, riverbank construction, lighting, and drainage
• C05: Xiakou Bridge
o A bridge that with the Chengji road and crosses the Wei River. The bridge
superstructures are 10 spans of a continuous box girder bridge
For the Tiahshui Project, the Chengji road and flood control facilities and urban
transportation improvements remain the only nonrevenue-generating components. The
Tianshui Municipal Government (TMG) has currently been the borrower of the ADB loan,
and the components’ implementing agency, Tianshui Urban Construction & Investment
Group (TUCIC), will be responsible, on TMG’s behalf, for project implementation,
contributing counterpart funds, and debt servicing.
b.) Benefits
Economical benefits for the Chengji road and urban transport improvement
components include: the cost savings of vehicle operation, better road conditions and
shorter traveling distances. Additional benefits include reduction of accident rates—better
roads and bridges with many safety features; and emission reduction.
The new bridges and embankments had a design to control 1-in-100-year floods;
nonetheless, in order to meet the new design requirements, all flood-related proposals had
to have reexaminations and the roadway alignments had to be ensured that the roads are
out of the range of river channel regulation line.

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Chengji Road & Flood Control Facility mainly composed of Chengji road and
flood control embankment. The component starts from Minshan Road in the west ends at
Weibin North Road of Maiji District in the east, with a full length of 12-kilometers. The
proposed width of the road redline is 40-meters. The road goes from under the Tianchan
Highway up to the start point in the west. There are two large bridges along Chengji Raod
and Sunjiaping Xi River Bridge in the middle section, and Xiakou Wei River Bridge lies
on the east end. The Sunjiaping Xi River Bridge is 320-meters long and the Xiakou Wei
River Bridge is 360-meters long. Based on the original blueprints, Six box culverts and
seven pipe culverts are to be built along the road to discharge flood from the north
mountain.
c.) Issues and Concerns
Besides hand obtaining and relocations, landslides and mudslides are the primary
concern to this part of the Project. Landslides have brought much live and economical
damage to Tianshui city, in addition, landslides happen very frequently and are classified
to the following 3 types: land slide due to loess, land slide due to loess and mudstone
combined material; and land slide take place on loess-mudstone contact surface.
The Chengji road will be built along the north bank of the Xi river, starting from
the Minshan road and ending at the conjunction of the Xi river and the Wei river, the total
length is 10.5-kilometers The Yangpo landslide is near the road on the north side of the
road, which will affect the safety during the road construction and after the project
completion. In order to protect the Chengji road and the lives of people, it is necessary to
build a landslide disaster alarming system.
During the period of the Chengji road construction, 4 observation points had been
installed along the road basement of C03 section. Total stations were used to measure the
4 displacement points. By analyzing the observed data, the displacement of the road
foundation can be known. However, the total station instrument cannot be used under the
inclement weather. The main concern here is that landslide disasters should be looked out
for carefully by which the safety of the Chengji road and the people live can be ensured.
There were some problems present during the site visit. On the north side of the
road, there is a junction part the Xi River and the Wei River, the riverbank and Chengji
road will be separated. There are farmlands between the riverbank and the road. Farmers

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have requested more money for occupying the farmland and land acquisition problems
were not solved.
As shown in Figure 1 below, there are two kinds of flows in different directions.
The main flow is along the Chengji road in longitudinal direction, which is the flood in Xi
River. The flows cross the river in lateral direction, which are the rainfall flood flow from
the mountain slope and the flows of mudslides and landslides from the Beishan Mountain.
The elevation of the embankment on the north bank is 2-meters higher than the designed
flood level, which may result in more excavation and earth filling. If the elevation of the
Tianbei highway is lower than embankment on north side. The top elevation of the
embankment on the north side may be higher than the real need. However, floods in the Xi
River can be controlled with high standard that has an intensity of 1-per-100-year storm.
Figure 2: Flood flow structure for Chengji Raod Project along Xi River
The flood flows in lateral direction will cause more trouble if the engineering
measures are not considered carefully. The problems include the rainwater flow from
Beishan as well as the landslide and mudslide from the Beishan Mountain. The
engineering measures are: that the flood discharge will run in the direction from the
Beishan Mountain to Chengji road. As the embankment is higher than Chengji road, the
rainwater could not discharge into the Xi River if the culverts and drainage pipes have not
arranged at proper positions. It was recommended that there should be more drainage
pipes and culvert in the perpendicular direction to discharge the rainwater into the Xi
River.

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In terms of sewer pipes, the floodplain on north bank will be developed as
landscape and commercial utilities. The wastewater will be collected by sewage pipe. The
diameter of the sewage pipe should be large enough to convey the wastewater. If the pipe
diameter is smaller than the discharge rate of future wastewater, the reconstruction of the
sewage pipe system will affect road transportation and cost more money.
The landslide and mudslide hazards may happen on the north side of the Chengji
road. In 2011, the Municipal Survey and Design Institute of Gansu Zhongjian have
investigated the three known possible landslides: Yangpo, Shuiyanzai, and Yanjiahewan.
These landslides are stable in general, but the unstable measures may exist at some special
location, such as the front of the landslide. Small size mudslide may be occurred during
rainy time.
The water level in Xi River, on C04, is higher than the land elevation outside of
the river channel. It was noted that there should be more attention to the dike break
failures due to seepage. In the case of big deformations of the concrete wall take place,
cracks would occur on the surface of the concrete wall, then the seepage would took place
through the dike, and the dike break may take place due to seepage. As the lower land
level outside of the river channel, the dike break would bring flood hazard. These hazards
have a high probability of occurrence at the other sections of the Chengji road where land
levels outside of the river channel is lower than the water level in the Xi River.
For the engineering methods to deal with landslides control are the installations of
drainage pipes which will divert the rain flood into the Xi River. The layouts of the
drainage pipes were proposed to be both in perpendicular and the longitudinal direction
respect to the direction of the river flow. Another method is that the diameter of the
sewage pipe should be large enough to carry the wastewater from the north bank of the
Chengji road; furthermore, retaining wall structures should be built where slope cutting is
unavoidable. Monitoring systems should be installed on the possible landslide regions
followed by the number of culverts required.
As for the current situation of the landslides and Mudslides the north mountains of
Tianshui city consist of loess; the altitude is around 1400-1800-meters, and the difference
of land surface elevation is 250-400-meters. The tertiary mudstone is on the lower level,
and soil of loess silty clay deposit on the mudstone during deferent period. The landslides

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are active under the effect of rainfall, earthquake and human activities. The landslides are
mainly silty clay type soil.
The Yangpo landslide is globally stable under natural, rainstorm, earthquake
conditions, it is also stable under rainstorm and earthquake combined conditions. The front
of the Yangpo landslide may note table. The stability condition has no much reduction
under the excavation of Chengji road. The small-scale mudslide may occur during rainy
season, due to silt clay and loess on the slope surface. Shuiyanzai Landslide is stable under
natural, rainstorm and earthquake conditions, it is also stable under the condition of rain
and earthquake combination. The section K7+100—K8+700 of the Chengji road is about
280-410-meters away from this landslideand it will not bring any geological hazards to
Chengji road. The Yanjiahewan Landslide is short of stable under natural condition.
Around K0+750—K1+750 of the Chenji road, the road excavations will have affect the
front of this landslide. It is suggested that retaining wall should be built, and the
movement of the slope should be monitored.
The landslide analyses are based on geological surveys; there are still possibilities
for landslides to occur, even if geological reports have concluded that the landslides are
globally stable. We should also pay attention to the conclusion that local places of the
slope are short of table and small size mudslide may occur. In order to reduce the hazard
due to the landslides and mudslides, the engineering measures that keep the slope stable
are to be taken, and then it is necessary to bring the landslide monitoring system into place
The construction of Chengji Road will include building more culverts and drainage
pipes.. The number of the culverts and drainage pipes are to be increased according to the
real geological conditions. These engineering measures could release mountain flood into
Xi River and prevent the occurrence of the mudslide. In area with high potential of
landslides and mudslides, urban development for residents and commercial construction
shall be avoided. The proposed culverts and pipes will be located at the existing mountain
gullies to convey the runoff from the mountain to the Xi River. Culvert foundations will
be treated using reinforced concrete to ensure structure strength and minimize foundation
settlement. A retaining wall structure would be designed at the inlet of the culverts, and
the top retaining wall will be higher than the designed flood level to prevent flood
backflow from the river channel. It is necessary to reexamine the tributary culvert, confirm

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the flow rate and check the discharge capacity of the culvert.
As for the landslide monitoring system, mudslides may occur during severe rainy
periods where soil and geological conditions are poor. After the construction of the
Chengji road, the north floodplain of Xi River will be used as land development, and part
of the land will be used for landscape and open space. Considering the low land elevation
of the floodplain between the Xi river embankment and the north Mountain, flood control
and drainage facilities will need to be carefully planned in the framework of the area land
use and development plan. The area will be safe under the flood of 1-per-100 year
intensity, but potential embankment failure and other damage represents many risks that
must be heavily addressed. On PRC’s Ministry of Land and Resource request, TMG
engaged a geological team to conduct a geological hazard risk assessment and delineate
the areas that have potential geological risk. TMG will develop a detailed land use plan
including prevention and control measure for the entire area between the Xi River and
Beishan Mountain in combination with the City Master Plant. The areas that have
potential risk of landslide, mudslide and flood discharge will be clearly defined and
marked as a non-urban development zone to prohibit any residential and commercial
development.
A mudslide monitoring and safety warning system will be constructed for Beishan
Mountain to record the deformation and movement of the slope. The system will be
implemented and operated by the Land and Resource Bureau. The city’s emergency
preparedness and response plan will be adapted with the necessary institutional support to
respond to any possible hazard. The system will be implemented before completion of the
physical works.
At the front of the landslide and other places, the slopes of the landslides are not
stable, and the construction of the Chengji road will also affect the stability of the
landslides. The landslide monitoring systems are proposed for Yangpo and Yanjiahewan
by using total station surveying equipment. The radar technique may be used when the
movements of the landslides are becoming active, this fact will be considered during the
construction according to observational points. The landslide monitoring system has a
proposal for a scheduled completion by May 2014.

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Figure 3. The total station equipment for landslide observation
Figure 4. The radar techniques for landslide observation
Considering the safety of the monitoring equipment, the engineering and non-
engineering measures should be taken to prevent any damage or losses of the monitoring
equipment. On-site visits took on June 5, 2013 wuth a purpose of investigaing and
reflecting the updated bridge engineering progress, detail design, and under the bidding
works for the Sunjiaping Bridge and the Xiakou Bridge. Both bridges are designed by
CSCEC AECOM CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. The bridge locations could be seen on the
“Bridge Location Map” below:

17. 17
d.) Construction
The current construction activities and procedures that are currently being abeing
operated are the evaluation and analyses of the bridge design drawings. To continue
review the super-structural and sub-structural construction method and construction
schedule for each Bridge and discuss with the bridge construction engineer if any findings.
Site visits and inspection have been required full attention to recognize the tangible
construction methods, construction schedule and current progress of each bridge and
updated discussions with contractors and supervisors.
The construction method and implementation schedule entails the Shuangqiao
Bridge and the Xiakou Bridge are within same structural scheme with mainly composed of
three structure parts: drilling piles; column piers and abutment; and girder.
So that were be adopted almost the same construction method. For each drilling pile lie
three assembly procedures: drilling the pile holes; cleaning the hollow interior of the hole;
hoisting and preforming steel reinforcement framework of the pile into the hole and then
casting the pile concrete. For pier and abutment, the formwork has to be set at the pier and
abutment position, followed with the pouring of reinforcement concrete for spread
footings, piers and abutments in the field.
Xiakou
Wei
River
Bridge
Sunjiaping
Xi
River
Bridge
Figure 5. Bridge Location Map

18. 18
The main girders are to be pre-casted of the concrete box girder in the precast yard
near the bridge position. The pre-stressed concrete girder is to be moved to the front of the
bridge by special flat car, then be moved, longitudinally and then laterally, to the girder by
a special bridge erection machine positioning to the corresponding girder position on the
pier, one after another; and then the connection of the adjacent girder, so that is
transformed into continuous girder structure by post tensioning cables. These construction
methods are standard, conventional and commonly use in China, they are quite suitable
and no amount of difficulty whatsoever should be encountered for this procedure of the
Project.
e.) Sunjiaping Xi River Bridge
This bridge consists nine spans of continuous box girders; one span of 25-meter,
two units of 4×35m-meter, with total dimensions of 25+4×35+4×35=305-meters long. The
piers were adopted gate pattern with three columns combined cap beam and also spread
footings and drill and cast in-situ piles have been adopted as the foundation. The
foundation of drilling piles, using percussion drill into a hole, until drilling to designed
elevation. After cleaning the hole, lifting prefabricated reinforcement cage into the hole,
then concrete will be poured into the pile hole.
For the superstructure of the pre-stressed continuous box girder the step-bystep
procedure will be followed as described below:
• Precast the 40-meter simply-supported pre-stressed concrete box girder at
the precast prefabricated plant alongside bridge site
• Moving the girder with special flat wagon up to front of the bridge,
• Then moving the girder longitudinally with bridge girder erection machine
into the span
• Again move the girder in lateral direction by the bridge erection machine in
to the girder position;
• Finally, let the girder down in place

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Figure 6. A Panoramic view of the Sunjiaping Bridge under construction
After completion of this procedure and when all of the girders are in one unit of
four spans in place, then connecting adjacent girder by post tensioning will be done
followed by transferring the four spans of continuous box girders. All of the pile and pier,
abutment have been completed, most of the box girder hoisting work also has been
completed, remaining first span of one span at southern side has under erection, which
flies over the Tianbei freeway, the erection work should be carried out when the road is
closed temporary for construction.
f.) Xiakou Wei River Bridge
Similar to the Sunjiaping Xi River Bridge, the Xiakou Wei river bridge is also a
precast post-tensioned with concrete continuous box girder structures. The 370-meter
structure will comprise of 10 total spans and contain three units of
3×35+4×40+3×35=370-meter. Spread footing and drill and cast in-situ piles have also
been adopted as the foundation.
With the Sunjiaping Bridge almost the same structure scheme, adopt the nearly
same construction method, also these construction methods are standard, conventional and
commonly use in China, so that should not be particularly difficult. The only concern is
time limit for this Bridge.
g.) EMP and Aim Points
As mentioned in the opening of this paper, due to rapid industrialization,
population growth, and lax environmental oversights have caused countless environmental
issues in China. Beijing, which is a metropolis of significant industry, has a high
environmental issue with the heating of coal and is subject to air inversions, which results
in extremely high levels of pollution within the winter months. In terms of construction,
the environmental management plan (EMP) was prepared by the ADB environmental

20. 20
consultants of project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) 7344-PRC: Gansu Tianshui
Urban Infrastructure Development Project in conjunction with Lanzhou University’s
Environmental Assessment Research Center, and the environment impact assessment
(EIA) institute. Based on the domestic EIA reports, feasibility study reports (FSR), the soil
erosion protection plan (SEPP) and other project documents. It is an essential legal
document to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures. The EMP covers all
project implementation phases, including feasibility study, project design, construction
preparations, construction, and operation.
During mid-term review season, the EMP was updated and approved by the ADB
on the basis of the domestic EIA report, FSR, SEPP and other documents on the new
heating source plant and associated pipeline network, as well as the asbestos risk
assessment and management plan drafted by Gansu Provincial Environmental Science
Research Institute (ESRI). Also this updated EMP has incorporated the latest project
progress and the minor design changes since PPTA, so far.
The objective of establishing the EMP is not only to identify environmental impact
and to propose appropriate mitigation measures, but also to recommend establishment of
institutions and mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with the PRC’s
environmental laws, standards and regulations, ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, and
effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. These institutions and
mechanisms are also to seek and ensure to continuously improve environmental protection
activities during design, construction, and operation of the project in order to prevent,
reduce, or eliminate adverse environmental impacts, and to ensure and maximize social,
economic and environmental benefits by the project.
Mitigation measures will be incorporated into detailed design, bidding documents,
construction contracts and operational management manuals, which will be implemented
by design institutes, contractors and implementing agencies, with technical support from
the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultants (LIEC), under the supervision of
Tianshui, ADB Financed TPMO and the Tianshui Municipal Environmental Protection
Bureau (TEPB). The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on
environmental inspections and monitoring results to determine whether they should be
continued or adjustably improved. Environmental protection measures will mitigate

21. 21
environmental impacts, achieve compliance with PRC environmental laws, regulations
and standards, provide compensation for lost environmental resources, and protect
environmental resources and maximize social-economic and environmental benefits.
V. COMPONENT D AND FINANCIAL FUNDS:
a.) Capacity Development
The capacity development and institutional strengthening has a proposed objective
in providing support in TPMO and the applying agencies to guarantee any efficient and
effective project implementation, in compliance with ADB requirements; and a
development program for urban transport capacities together with comprehensive road
designs safety audits, urban transport planning, road network management and
maintenance, and related training. Inclusive training will also be included for soil erosion
protection and managing in the following fields: financial management, emergency
management, and asbestos management.
The capacity development and institutional strengthening component will have two
parts: project management and implementation support capacity building and institutional
strengthening.
The project management and implementation support is intended to enable project
outputs a,b and c and to be delivered on time, within budget, in a sustainable manner, and
in accordance with prescribed policies, standards, and procedures. It will include training
and assistance on ADB policies and procedures, and acquire development and
maintenance of project performance management systems (PPMS). It will include the
assistance on procurement and disbursement; furthermore design and construction
oversight, construction programming, supervision, and monitoring, and contract
management; safeguards assessments and documentation; and reporting to TMPO and
ADB offices.
The capacity building and institutional strengthening subcomponent comprises
four parts:

22. 22
1. Holistic urban road design and road safety audit;
2. People-centric urban transport planning;
3. Transport network management and maintenance system; and
4. Four-year training program (2011–2015).
Capacity development activities will also be undertaken with the relevant TMG
counterparties, including the Tianshui Heating Company for district heating-related
training, and the Qinzhou and Maiji district Municipal Facility Management Departments
(MFMDs) which manage and maintain all urban roads, bridges, and other municipal
facilities.
For the Project, PMO has established its Management Information Systems (MIS)
to meet the requirement for project data and information collection, and to provide support
to project implementation management and control. During the project implementation,
the MIS has been timely updated and expanded. Currently, it includes eight major
components:
1. Government Documents
2. ADB Project Identification and Design Documents
3. ADB Project Implementation Documents
4. Project Management Documents
5. Project Financial and Auditing Reports
6. Training Materials and Manuals
7. Operation Status of the project, and
8. Project performance management system

23. 23
b.) Project Costs and Financing Plan
The Project cost is updated based on the actual procurement. The updated Project
cost is 240.7 million USD, slightly higher than the original 229.1 million USD at appraisal.
This is mainly due to the devaluation of the US dollar currency in the past years and
increased compensation for land acquisition and resettlement. There are no major changes
to the financing plan. ADB will provide 100 million (USD) to finance 42 percent of the
total project cost. The balance will be financed by domestic counterpart fund. TMG will
ensure timely provision of adequate counterpart fund for the Project to ensure a smooth
project implementation. See Table 3 below.
Table 3 Disbursement of ADB Loan (from ADB report)
China Development Bank (CBD) is also to provide 68.2 million USD of
counterpart funds, which consists of 29.7 percent of total project costs. At the project
processing, CBD provided commitment letter confirming the availability of counterpart
funds and domestic loans. However, the interest rate from domestic banks is high and the
Executing Agency (EA) would like to reduce the project cost. In order to cover the gap of
68.2 million USD, TUCIC is planning to prepare the fund and is expecting about 450
million RMB of revenue by selling land and apartments. After consulting with legal
department of ADB, the mission confirmed that there would be no legal implication to this
change. In order to reflect the changes in implementation arrangement to the project, EA
No. Category Name
Allocation
USD
ADB
Financing
Amount
Received
USD
Percentage
01 Works 81,634,000.00 12,919,683.90 15.8%
01A Works-Heating Network 19,254,000.00 54% 0.00 0.0%
01B
Works-Roads, Bridges &
Flood Control Facilities
62,380,000.00 80% 12,919,683.90 20.7%
02 Equipment 11,668,000.00 100% 0.00 0.0%
03 Institutional Strengthen & Training 1,430,000.00 100% 234,276.66 16.4%
04 Interest & Commitment Charge 5,268,000.00 100% 752,097.83 14.3%
05 Imprest Account 0.00 100% 10,000,000.00
Total 100,000,000.00 23,906,058.39 23.9%

24. 24
will prepare an official letter and submit to ADB explaining the situation, confirming the
fund availability and requesting the change in counterpart fund arrangement.
For
the
Qinzhou District Heating Network, THC will be fully responsible for the
implementation of public consultation to identify original income levels and income losses
for recognized workers as well as for providing revised a labor re-employment plan. Also,
to ensure that poor people will have access to public service, mitigation measures have
been made by the local authorities and heating supply organizations including:
governmental heating allowance provided for all recipients of minimum living guarantee
system in Qinzhou District amounting to 250 RMB per household per heating season.
Heating supply organizations will also charge poor households on a monthly basis month
and will be allowed make payments within certain time periods until their bills are paid in
full. These specific measures on wither technical terms will largely reduce the financial
burden of poor households.
Figure 7, The proposed heating plant site Figure 8. Lianhuo National Expressway
Figure 9. Beishan mountain Figure 10. High-voltage wire corridors
Financial analyses were conducted for the Qinzhou district heating services
component and will generate revenues. A financial cost–benefit analysis was undertaken

25. 25
on an incremental basis and confirmed the Component A’s financial viability by
concluding that its FIRR of 8.3 percent exceeded WACC (2.92 percent) by an adequate
margin The updated Chengji Road resettlement plan was approved by ADB. The
resettlement plan for the district heating network, heat exchange stations, dispatch center
and pumping stations has been completed during the technical assistance phase and has
been proved by ADB. As of October 10, 2013, a detailed investigation has not been
carried out which does not meet the requirement for updating the resettlement plan. The
continued land acquisition and resettlement plan will be reported to ADB for approval
after a detailed investigation. The ADB loan amount construction is 181.0 million RMB,
accounting for 36.2 percent of the total investment; the rest of the 63.8 percent accounted
for is self funded which comes out in total of 318.6 million RMB. Component A’s
construction stage is estimated to take 2 years with a total investment of 499.6 million
RMB; this includes the cost of land acquisition and resettlement.
VI. INFINITY: CONCLUDING REMARKS
In
the
conclusion
to
this
paper,
China’s economic growth has been very rapid
and is now been widely known for standing out as one of the most important and
influential countries in a global economy scale. However,
despite China’s economic
growth, poverty reduction, environmental concerns remain a fundamental challenge for
the country. The ADB Funded Tianshui Urban Infrastructure Development Project
discussed in this paper stands out as a n example of China’s progress into the stage of
developing to a newly improved society. By compliance, the context of this literature was
inspired by observing business people and engineers working together in making this
project, which started out on paper, into a reality opportunity for the City of Tianshui. But
the majority of the work here is based of engineering especially civil engineering, which is
one of the first engineering activities excluding military engineering, and one of the
worlds oldest disciplines that helped constructed society as far as back as the Ancient
Greek and Roman Empirical times and China’s Xia and Shang Dynasties.

26. 26
Figure 11: The 2013ADB Funded Tianshui Urban Infrastructure Development Project Team
Engineering plays an important role in the development and improvement of
societies. Its endeavors are described as the complex and diverse undertakings that tackle
nonstandard challenges. Engineering plans, designs, construction and operating facilities
are essential to the modern life, ranging from transit systems, to offshore structures, to
water systems, and to urbanization. However, as the world undergoes vast changes it
creates sole challenges for engineers of every specialty. These challenges and their
manifestations in societies are often very complex in nature and require integrated
approaches to solve them. The new concerns for engineers are that they have to conclude
in their projects that are suitable for society but have to stay within affordable costs for
projects to complete. Also, their projects and designs must meet with environmental safety
and construction activities should not harm any of the open environments from machinery
pollution, to water pollution or reducing wild life inhabitants or resources. There also
The ADB Funded Tianshui Urban Infrastructure remains an exquisite example of
how engineering can improve the critical infrastructure systems that play imperative roles
in sustaining industries and communities. Soil degradation is very serious, especially
within China’s rural areas in Gansu province. In addition to naturally occurring factors,
construction and other development activities represent one of the most prominent causes
for human induced soil erosion, during which large areas of soil are exposed to the erosive
forces. Landslides and mudslides like are major hurdles in construction projects and

27. 27
engineering also plays an important role to withstand these hurdles and reducing their
devastating impacts of natural disasters As the Chinese population continues to rapidly
grow, the demand on road travels increase as well. Data sensing and analysis can help
facilitate the data collection process for decision making, improving intelligent
transportation system and enhancing traffic flow prediction. China has a long infinity out
in the distant of the world of tomorrow and by observing the process of the Tianshui
Project, it is processing continuously and making good progress. With China’s past
economic reform and due to the economic importance of the construction industry,
improving construction productivity can directly enhance the robustness of the national
economy and improve the living conditions for China and its citizens.

28. 28
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