Presented at the 2010 MAPS Conference Psychedelic Science in the 21st Century. The video from the conference is available at the following link:
http://www.maps.org/videos/source3/video7.html
I hunted Google Images for photos of people preparing ayahuasca and for images created by artists intending to express what they saw in their trances. I don't own any of the copyrights on these pictures.
Esta obra foi digitalizada pelo grupo Digital Source para proporcionar, de maneira
totalmente gratuita, o benefício de sua leitura àqueles que não podem comprá-la ou
àqueles que necessitam de meios eletrônicos para ler. Dessa forma, a venda deste ebook
ou até mesmo a sua troca por qualquer contraprestação é totalmente condenável
em qualquer circunstância. A generosidade e a humildade é a marca da distribuição,
portanto distribua este livro livremente.
Após sua leitura considere seriamente a possibilidade de adquirir o original, pois
assim você estará incentivando o autor e a publicação de novas obras.
A presentation given at the conference on international media at Fachhochschule St Pölten in Austria on 25 March 2013. It's inspired by and based on this RSA Animate video of a talk by Manuel Lima:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJmGrNdJ5Gw
I hunted Google Images for photos of people preparing ayahuasca and for images created by artists intending to express what they saw in their trances. I don't own any of the copyrights on these pictures.
Esta obra foi digitalizada pelo grupo Digital Source para proporcionar, de maneira
totalmente gratuita, o benefício de sua leitura àqueles que não podem comprá-la ou
àqueles que necessitam de meios eletrônicos para ler. Dessa forma, a venda deste ebook
ou até mesmo a sua troca por qualquer contraprestação é totalmente condenável
em qualquer circunstância. A generosidade e a humildade é a marca da distribuição,
portanto distribua este livro livremente.
Após sua leitura considere seriamente a possibilidade de adquirir o original, pois
assim você estará incentivando o autor e a publicação de novas obras.
A presentation given at the conference on international media at Fachhochschule St Pölten in Austria on 25 March 2013. It's inspired by and based on this RSA Animate video of a talk by Manuel Lima:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJmGrNdJ5Gw
Realizado na Escola de Ensino Médio Professor Henrique da Silva Fontes, na cidade de Itajaí,
Acadêmicas da UNIVALI: Jaqueline de Paulo e Rafaella Bonato.
Professora Orientadora: Luciana Gomes.
Apresentação realizada durante a Reunião Clínica do Departamento de Psicologia Médica e Psiquiatria da FCM-UNICAMP, em 26 de março de 2013, coordenada pelo Prof. Neury José Botega.
Este módulo trata da temática da Educação em Saúde buscando contextualizar sua aplicação no processo de trabalho da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Neste sentido, as três unidades apresentadas articulam conteúdos que se referem aos modelos de educação em saúde, à sua relação com as ações de promoção da saúde e de prevenção de doenças, bem como buscam apontar elementos de metodologias problematizadoras que possam ser utilizadas na prática educativa da equipe da ESF.
Ma'heo'o significa Grande Espírito, Grande Uno ou Deus. A palavra Ma'heo'o é Cheyenne, uma língua nativo-americana. Este sistema de energia trabalha com a combinação dos elementos da Terra, Ar, Água e Fogo com o Grande Espírito para ativar efetivamente e promover a cura para diversas situações. É um sistema simples mas poderoso e que pode ser usado por qualquer um.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Realizado na Escola de Ensino Médio Professor Henrique da Silva Fontes, na cidade de Itajaí,
Acadêmicas da UNIVALI: Jaqueline de Paulo e Rafaella Bonato.
Professora Orientadora: Luciana Gomes.
Apresentação realizada durante a Reunião Clínica do Departamento de Psicologia Médica e Psiquiatria da FCM-UNICAMP, em 26 de março de 2013, coordenada pelo Prof. Neury José Botega.
Este módulo trata da temática da Educação em Saúde buscando contextualizar sua aplicação no processo de trabalho da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Neste sentido, as três unidades apresentadas articulam conteúdos que se referem aos modelos de educação em saúde, à sua relação com as ações de promoção da saúde e de prevenção de doenças, bem como buscam apontar elementos de metodologias problematizadoras que possam ser utilizadas na prática educativa da equipe da ESF.
Ma'heo'o significa Grande Espírito, Grande Uno ou Deus. A palavra Ma'heo'o é Cheyenne, uma língua nativo-americana. Este sistema de energia trabalha com a combinação dos elementos da Terra, Ar, Água e Fogo com o Grande Espírito para ativar efetivamente e promover a cura para diversas situações. É um sistema simples mas poderoso e que pode ser usado por qualquer um.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Mental health safety of ayahuasca religious use: Results from an epidemiological surveillance system by the Uniao do Vegetal in Brazil
1. Mental Health Safety of
Ayahuasca Religious Use:
Results from an Epidemiological Surveillance
System by the União do Vegetal in Brazil
Luís Fernando Tófoli, MD, PhD
2. Agenda
• Introduction
– União do Vegetal (UDV)
– UDV & Biomedical Research
– Demec
– Religion, Mental Health and Ayahuasca
– Mental Health Commission
• Aims
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
www.udv.org.br 2
3. Centro Espírita Beneficente
União do Vegetal (UDV)
• Christian, syncretic, reincarnationist religion
• Founded in the 1960s by José Gabriel da Costa
(Mestre Gabriel) in Rondônia, Brazil
• Confluence of:
– Religiosity of migrant rubber-tappers from
Northeastern Brazil
– Ayahuasca traditions of mestizo vegetalistas from
the Western Amazon
www.udv.org.br 3
4. Centro Espírita Beneficente
União do Vegetal (UDV)
• Headquarters in Brasília, DF
• ≈ 15,000 members
– Brazil, USA, Spain, UK and Portugal
– Annual growth ≈ 9% (1990-2007)
– Urban development
– Diversity of socioeconomic and educational level
CEBUDV 1999; 2008
– Respect for caboclo (mestizo) roots
www.udv.org.br 4
5. Ayahuasca use in the UDV
• Named as Hoasca or Vegetal
• Prepared with B. caapi and Psychotria sp. only
• Firm control of the plants and their usage
• Commercialization not allowed by any means
• During this presentation: hoasca =
“ayahuasca within UDV”
www.udv.org.br 5
6. UDV and
Biomedical Research
• 1985
– Brazilian government adds Banisteriopsis
caapi to list of controlled substances
– UDV halts hoasca distribution, pleads for
reconsideration
• 1986
– Government allows ayahuasca use by religions
as provisional decision (final decision in 2010)
– UDV creates Medical-Scientific Department
www.udv.org.br 6
7. UDV and
Biomedical Research
• The Hoasca Project (1993)
– Pharmacokinetics
– Tolerability
– Effects on physical and mental health
Callaway et al. 1994; Grob et al. 1996; Callaway et al. 1999; Callaway, 2005
• UDV Adolescents Project (2002)
– Neuropsychological assessment
– Attitudes
– Substance use patterns
Doering-Silveira et al. 2005a, 2005b; Silveiraet al. 2005; Dobkinde Rios et al. 2005
www.udv.org.br 7
9. Demec:
Medical-Scientific Department
• Hierarchical Structure:
– National coordination National
Coordinator
– 15 Regional monitorships
– Temple monitorships
– Collaborators
Mental
– Two Commissions: Health
Clinical
• Mental Health Commission
• Clinical Commission
www.udv.org.br 9
10. Demec:
Medical-Scientific Department
• Aims
– Converse with civil and health authorities
– Provide scientific information about hoasca to the
Academic Community
– Understand potential interaction between hoasca
use and health conditions
• Prevention of medicalizing the ayahuasca
experience
www.udv.org.br 10
11. Mental Disorder and Religion
• Religion: source of support for individuals in
vulnerable situations, including those at risk of
psychotic outbreak.
• People search religions for help and comfort when
in mental distress
Koenig et al. 2001
• This might have an effect on ayahuasca religions
www.udv.org.br 11
12. Hoasca and Mental Health:
Positive Effects
• Ayahuasca:
– Potential antidepressant effect in animal models
Lima et al. 2006; 2007
– Relief of anxiety symptoms
Santos et al., 2007
– Neophytes: Positive subjective evaluation,
reduction of minor psychiatric symptoms, increased
feelings of assertiveness, serenity and vivacity
Barbosa et al. 2005
www.udv.org.br 12
13. Hoasca and Mental Health:
Positive Effects
• Ayahuasca:
– Lower levels of deleterious use of substances
Doering-Silveira et al. 2005a; Grob et al. 1996; Santos et al. 2006
– UDV: Positive association with adult mental health
Grobet al. 1996; de Rios et al. 2005
– UDV: Optimistic and altruist teenage attitudes
de Rios et al. 2005
– Other
www.udv.org.br 13
14. Hoasca and Therapeutics
• Hoasca/UDV:
– for religious use only
– not for therapeutic purposes per se
• Spiritual curative powers within UDV rituals:
acknowledged and evoked
• Positive health effects may occur during sessions in
UDV’s view
www.udv.org.br 14
15. Psychedelics and Psychoses
• Strong evidence of a causal link between cannabis
and psychoses
Arseneault et al. 2004; McLaren et al. 2010
• Psychosis recurrence or onset in association with
of 5-HT2A agonists — a non-clear relationship
Hermle et al. 2008; Johnson et al. 2008
• Set and setting very important for mental health
risks and symptom evolution
Johnson et al. 2008
www.udv.org.br 15
16. Hoasca and Mental Health:
Recommendations
• UDV — four-decade awareness of the interaction
between hoasca and mental distress:
– Persons with “weak” or “unbalanced memory” to
be:
•tended with attention
•given smaller doses when necessary
www.udv.org.br 16
17. Hoasca and Mental Health:
Recommendations
• UDV — four-decade awareness of the interaction
between hoasca and mental distress:
– Excessive solicitation for increase of hoasca
ingestion to be followed with care and denied
whenever mental distress is noticeable.
– One must not offer hoasca to individuals with
severe mental disorder.
www.udv.org.br 17
18. Mental Health Commission
• Demec’s Mental Health Commission answers to:
– Concerns about the mental health status of
UDV members or neophytes
– Questions regarding psychopharmacological agents
• 1994 – Psychiatric Monitoring System of Hoasca Users:
an internal epidemiological surveillance system for
mental health incidents
www.udv.org.br 18
19. Study Aims
• Assess the number and diagnoses of new cases
with psychotic features elicited by the UDV
surveillance system.
• Appraise the incidence of psychosis in the UDV
during the monitored period.
• Estimate the approximate number of hoasca doses
needed to trigger a psychotic episode.
www.udv.org.br 19
20. Pilot Study
• All reports of severe mental health crises that
could be traced by UDV psychiatrists between 1991
and 1995 (South/Southeastern Brazil)
• Twenty cases were identified and analyzed.
• Seven presented features that allowed a diagnosis
of a psychotic disorder
www.udv.org.br 20
21. Case Classification
• Categories based on the described cases
1. Onset
2. Predisposing factor
3. Relapse/Recurrence
4. No relationship
5. Indeterminate
• Diagnoses based on the 10th edition of the
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)
www.udv.org.br 21
22. Case Notification
• Mental Health Guidelines: orientation for
Demec monitors and temple directorates
• Object: severe mental health occurrences and/or
pharmacological treatment for psychosis
• Use of a standardized form
• Call for help from Demec monitors, collaborators
and those in charge of temples
www.udv.org.br 22
23. Case Notification
• Universe: every non-retrospective case reported by
the Surveillance System
• Study period: 1994-2007
• Analysis: cases with psychotic features
(operational definition of psychosis)
www.udv.org.br 23
24. Incidence calculation
“new” (onset/predisposing) cases
reported by the surveillance system
disease onsets
incidence rate
time spent in population
persons
Sum of the annual UDV
population/estimation
from each year (1994-2007)
www.udv.org.br 24
25. Psychosis/Dosis Ratio
affiliates during study
12 doses/member/year period (underestimation)
(underestimation)
averagehoasca servings
number of member–years
member–years
cases of psychosis
Bergman 1971
all cases with psychotic
features (overestimation)
www.udv.org.br 25
26. General Results
• 51 notifications from Brazil and Spain
• 29 cases (57% among the 51) with features of
operational psychosis
• Remaining 43% — miscellanea of mental health
disorders and symptoms
www.udv.org.br 26
27. Results:
Psychosis & UDV membership
18 (62%) quit/never joined the UDV
UDV members: 11
n=29, 1994-2007
www.udv.org.br 27
32. Results:
Incidence of Psychosis
• Incidence rate estimation of psychoses in Brazil:
15.8 (95% CI 14.3-17.6) / 100.000 persons-years
Menezes et al. 2007
• Extrapolation for UDV population:
18 to 23 new cases were expected
14 were notified
(onset/predisposing)
www.udv.org.br 32
33. Results:
Doses and Psychoses
• Ayahuasca servings during the studied period:
≈ 130,000 person-years × 12 doses/person-year
≈ 1.56 million doses
• Number of ayahuasca servings needed to trigger a
psychotic event (considering all 29 cases):
≈ 53.793 doses
(Native American Church: ≈ 1/70.000)
Bergman 1971
www.udv.org.br 33
34. Discussion:
Limitations
• Conflict of interest
• Undernotification of cases
• Tendencies, not absolute numbers
• Careful clinical analysis is needed
• Surveillance system must be improved
www.udv.org.br 34
35. Discussion:
Implications
• Ayahuasca religious experience is fairly safe with:
– minimal set of principles
– surveillance initiative
– institutional commitment
• Indirectly, clinical knowledge is being accumulated
• Ongoing awareness of temple leaders / local
directorates is important
www.udv.org.br 35
36. Discussion:
How the UDV deals with that?
• Mestre Gabriel: not all persons are able to
undergone the ayahuasca experience
• Hoasca:
– Sacrament, not panacea
– Unveiler of truth
• A culture of care:
– interest for the health of its members
– token of institutional accountability
www.udv.org.br 36
37. Discussion:
Future Challenges
• Improve awareness and coverage of the
surveillance system
• The need for academic partners outside the UDV
• Further analysis of clinical data
• Ayahuasca for clinical psychiatrists: a review
• SSRIs and hoasca
www.udv.org.br 37