This document provides an overview of Mendelian genetics and key concepts from Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants. It describes how Mendel conducted crosses between true-breeding pea varieties and analyzed the inheritance patterns in the offspring. His work established the fundamental principles of heredity, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment. The text defines important genetic terms and concepts and explains inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance, codominance, and multiple alleles.