Melanoma Sentinel Lymph node
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This document discusses sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures for malignant melanoma. It describes the Cochran method of bisecting lymph nodes along the central plane to maximize the cut surface area for analysis. Sections are stained with H&E and immunohistochemically for S-100 and HMB-45 to identify melanoma metastases. An alternative method involves slicing the lymph node at 2mm intervals to avoid identifying the central plane. Immunostaining can demonstrate metastatic melanoma cells in subcapsular sinuses of sentinel lymph nodes.
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A sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node that cancer is likely to spread to from a primary tumor. A sentinel lymph node biopsy identifies, removes, and examines this lymph node to determine if cancer cells are present. If cancer is found, it indicates the cancer may have spread to other lymph nodes or organs. Examining the sentinel lymph node helps determine the cancer stage and guides treatment planning. The procedure also reduces potential side effects of full lymph node surgery like lymphedema. Sentinel lymph node biopsies are used for cancers like breast cancer, melanoma, and others.
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Property of Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ali Nasr, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Egypt
Malignant melanoma A-Z
Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes and most commonly occurs on the skin. It ranges from early radial growth phase to advanced vertical growth phase and metastasis. Risk factors include sun exposure, fair skin, and family history. Diagnosis involves biopsy of suspicious lesions. Staging uses Breslow and Clark levels as well as TNM classification. Treatment depends on stage but commonly includes surgical resection with sentinel lymph node biopsy and adjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy for advanced cases. Prognosis depends on stage, with thin early lesions having good prognosis.
Malignant Melanoma
This document discusses the A-B-C-D-E's of examining moles and lesions for signs of melanoma. It describes asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colors, diameters larger than 6mm (eraser size), and elevation as warning signs. The document emphasizes close examination with magnification and monitoring any changing lesions over time. Several pathology reports of excised lesions are then listed.
Malignant Melanoma
Malignant melanoma incidence has been increasing 6% per year, making it one of the fastest growing cancers. Early diagnosis through thorough examination and surgical removal of the tumor are the most important treatment methods. Survival rates have increased from 50% in 1960 to 80% in 1990 due to earlier detection and treatment. Risk factors include fair skin, sun exposure, and genetic conditions.
Malignant melanoma
This document discusses melanoma and its characteristics. It notes that pigmentation is a hallmark of melanoma. Features suggestive of melanoma include changes in existing pigmented lesions or presence of irregular, asymmetrical, or multiple colored lesions over 6mm in diameter. Risk factors include white race, older age, and intense sunlight exposure. Pathology shows anaplastic malignant melanocytic cells. Types include lesions arising from nevi or de novo. Diagnosis and treatment options are also summarized.
SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a condition that results from massive small intestine resection and causes malabsorption, requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and other management. It can be caused by congenital anomalies or acquired conditions requiring intestine removal. Patients with SBS require careful monitoring, optimization of enteral nutrition to promote intestinal adaptation over time, and consideration of procedures or transplantation to improve absorption if nutritional goals cannot be met.
Melanoma clinical features, pathology and management
This document discusses malignant melanoma, including its pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, histological types, staging, management, and prevention. Key points include:
- Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. It most commonly occurs on the skin.
- Incidence is highest in fair-skinned populations with a lifetime risk of 1 in 56 for Caucasian males. Risk factors include sun exposure, family history, and numerous moles.
- Clinical features depend on location and include changes to existing moles. Staging uses Breslow depth and Clark level to assess prognosis.
- Management involves wide local excision with sentinel lymph node biopsy for early stages and lymphadenectomy
Histopathology of malignant melanoma
This document discusses the histopathology of malignant melanoma. It describes several types of melanoma including superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, and acral lentiginous melanoma. Key points include that melanoma most commonly affects sites like the scalp, orbit and face in individuals between 20-60 years old. Histopathological examination reveals expansile nodules of atypical melanocytes with mitotic figures. Important prognostic factors mentioned are tumor thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, lymphocytic infiltration, vascular invasion and presence of satellite lesions. Differential diagnoses and features useful to distinguish melanoma from benign lesions are also provided.
Malignant Melanoma
This document provides an overview of malignant melanoma, including its aetiology, types, risk factors, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prevention. Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin and less commonly in the eye or meninges. The main types are superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Risk factors include excessive sun exposure, genetic predisposition, numerous benign moles, and family history. Diagnosis involves examining moles for changes in size, irregular pigmentation, asymmetry, and diameter. Prognosis depends on the Breslow thickness and presence of ulceration. Treatment involves surgical resection with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in
Sialoendoscopy balaji
1) The document discusses sialoendoscopy-assisted sialolithotomy for removing submandibular hilar calculi.
2) It describes the anatomy and diseases of salivary glands, classification of salivary gland stones, and presents several case studies treated with sialoendoscopy.
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Several cases of our department were also included in the presentation to augment the message of the presentation.
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Acs0306 Lymphatic Mapping And Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
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Skin Cancer
This document discusses the treatment of common skin cancers. It describes benign and premalignant skin lesions as well as the three main types of malignant skin cancer - basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. It provides details on risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, and treatment options for each type of skin cancer.
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This document summarizes recent advances in lung tumors and tumor-like lesions. It discusses the WHO classification of common lung cancers including squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and carcinoid tumors. It also reviews tumor-like lung lesions and the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma. Molecular subtypes of lung cancer characterized by mutations in genes such as EGFR, KRAS, ALK are described. Guidelines for molecular testing to select patients for targeted therapy are provided.
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Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two most common types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common human cancer, making up 25% of all cancers. It rarely metastasizes but can cause extensive damage locally. Risk factors include sun exposure, lighter skin, older age, immunosuppression, and genetic conditions. Treatment options include curettage and electrodesiccation, surgical excision with margin assessment, Mohs surgery, radiation therapy, and topical therapies like imiquimod for superficial lesions. Mohs surgery achieves the highest cure rates of over 99% for basal cell carcinoma.
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Presentation2, radiological imaging of intra cranial meningioma.
This document discusses radiological imaging of intracranial meningiomas. Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors and are usually benign. They are most common in older adults and occur more often in women. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosing meningiomas. On CT scans, meningiomas often appear slightly denser than brain tissue and enhance with contrast. On MRI, they typically appear similar to brain tissue on T1-weighted images and enhance strongly with contrast, while showing variable signals on T2-weighted images depending on the tumor's composition. Angiography can help identify the tumor's blood supply prior to surgical resection. Together, different imaging modalities help characterize mening
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Carcinoma Ex-pleomorphic Adenoma with Squamoid Differentiation: An Unusual Cy...
Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CxPA) represents approximately 11.6% of all malignant neoplasms of salivary gland. The majority of CxPA develops from epithelial component of pleomorphic adenoma. Pleomorphic adenoma with foci of squamous and mucinous differentiation can potentially be misdiagnosed as low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The circumscribed borders of the tumor, gradual merging of mucoepidermoid foci into areas typical of pleomorphic adenoma, and presence of keratinization are features against the latter diagnosis. We present a rare cytological case of a 55-year-old male patient of CxPA with squamoid differentiation.
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Melanoma Sentinel Lymph node
- 1. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) in Malignant Melanoma www. oncopathology.blogspot. com
- 2. www.Oncopathology.blogspot.com Melanoma Risk Factors
- 3. www.Oncopathology.blogspot.com Melanoma Risk Factors
- 7. Malignant Melanoma Prognostic factors . www.Oncopathology.blogspot.com
- 13. Sentinel Lymph node procedure in Malignant Melanoma www.Oncopathology.blogspot.com
- 17. Cook, M G et al. J Clin Pathol 2008;61:897-902 Metastases of melanoma are said to occur close to the median plane of the sentinel lymph node and therefore bivalving, as shown, and embedding face down in the cassette are recommended. www.Oncopathology.blogspot.com Processing of Sentinel Lymph node in malignant melanoma
- 19. S-100 immunostaining of a sentinel lymph node demonstrating metastatic cells in a subcapsular sinuse. HMB-45 staining showing metastatic melanoma cells within subcapsular sinuses of a sentinel lymph node. www.Oncopathology.blogspot.com Sentinel Lymph node in Malignant Melanoma