All about anaemia

1. Q. Define and classify anaemia. Describe pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis of
megaloblastic anaemia.

2. Q. Iron de ciency anaemia.

10. Megaloblastic anaemia: It is a kind of deficiency anaemia

11.  Thomas edison : Pernicious anemia
 Minot & Murphy 1926: liver preparation
 Castle: Postulated intrinsic factor theory
 1941 Mitchel : Folic acid
 1943: Pteroyl monoglutamic acid
 1948: Crystalline B12

12.  Megaloblastic anemia:
 Characterized by abnormally large nucleated
red cell precursors called megaloblasts in bone
marrow
 Megaloblast eg of unbalance between cytoplasm
and nucleus due to improper and defective
synthesis of nucleoproteins
 95 % cases due to vit B12 or folic acid deficiency
leading to defective DNA synthesis

14.  Vit B12 deficiency causes damage to myelin in the
peripheral nerves , spinal cord & brain
 Folate deficiency: weight loss, nervous instability
but damage to myelin is doubtful
 Other causes of macrocytic anemias: Liver disease
, myxedema, Leukemia & certain hemolytic states
Clinical features

18.  DNA present in every basic cell so abnormality
effects rapidly proliferating cells.
 Peripheral blood picture: Hemoglobinized large
RBC (Macrocytes), PMN leucocytes &
hypersegmented giant platelets.
 Anemia described is hyperchromic macrocytic