Medieval Heresies
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This document provides an overview of several medieval heresies including the Catharists, Waldensians, Bogomils, Fraticelli, Patarine, and Apostolici. It defines heresy and includes perspectives on heresy from historical figures. For each heresy, it summarizes their beliefs, origins, and how they were viewed by the Catholic Church and faced persecution. It also notes how heretics were sometimes identified through their dress, phrases, or ideas that differed from Church doctrine.
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The document discusses the Puritans who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1600s seeking religious freedom after breaking away from the Church of England. The Puritans believed in a God-centered universe and that man was inherently sinful. They established a theocracy where only male members of the church could vote or hold office and dissent was not tolerated. This led to the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 where accusations of witchcraft caused hysteria and uncertainty in the colony.
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The document discusses traditional and animistic religions. It notes that while Christianity has been successful in reaching some populations, the number of adherents to traditional ethnic religions is increasing. It explores concepts like spirits, the afterlife, divination and sin within an animistic framework. It also discusses challenges missionaries previously faced in addressing issues in the "excluded middle" domain of daily life and offers suggestions on how Christianity can provide alternatives.
C:\fakepath\puritan americafall05
The document discusses the dominant stories and worldviews that emerged from early English settlement in America, particularly among Puritan communities in New England. It outlines the Puritan belief system including the concepts of original sin, predestination, covenant theology, and the idea that the Puritan communities saw themselves as a new "chosen people." It also distinguishes between Puritans and Pilgrims, with Pilgrims being more radical Separatists who broke entirely from the Church of England.
C:\fakepath\puritan americafall05
The document discusses the dominant stories and worldviews that emerged from early English settlement in America, particularly among Puritan communities in New England. It outlines the Puritan belief system including the concept of covenants between God and humanity. The Puritan theology of predestination and ideas of America as an exceptional nation are also summarized. The document contrasts the Puritan ideals with the realities documented in writings by William Bradford and John Winthrop.
Diagnosis of today’s church
This document provides diagnoses of the Catholic Church from historians, sociologists, psychologists, feminists and theologians. It discusses issues like clericalism, lack of reform, complicity with political powers, dysfunctional behaviors and exclusion of women. The marks of the church - oneness, holiness, catholicity and apostolicity - are also analyzed critically in light of these issues rather than being used to assert the church's perfection.
Chapter7 the counter reformation & the rise of the jesuit order
(1) The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation.
(2) One of the main elements of the Counter Reformation was the founding of the Jesuit order in 1540 by Ignatius Loyola to combat the spread of Protestantism. The Jesuits were devoted to restoring Catholicism and used deception, espionage, education and other means to undermine Protestantism.
(3) The Jesuits rapidly spread across Europe and wherever they went, Catholicism was revived, showing the powerful force they were against the Protestant movement.
Serpent handlers
Snake handling is practiced by some Pentecostal churches as a sacrament based on their interpretation of Mark 16:17-18. It began in the early 1900s in Appalachia as a physical representation of faith for communities that had faced economic hardship. While illegal in most states, practitioners believe handling snakes, drinking poison, and laying hands on the sick demonstrates God's power and protection. The ritual remains an important part of worship for some small, isolated Holiness churches.
paganism and witchcraft
Paganism and Witchcraft revered nature but were not organized religions. Wicca involved divination and discovering knowledge through supernatural means in a non-hierarchical society. Christianity grew and deemed Witchcraft as evil Satan worship, influencing societies to persecute Witches, especially women. The Malleus Maleficarum manual described interrogating and torturing accused Witches using tests and instruments to obtain confessions during the peak persecution periods between 1550-1650 before views gradually changed.
Colonial LiteraturePlymouth was starte
Colonial Literature
Plymouth was started by people who wanted religious freedom. In September 1620, they sailed on a ship called Mayflower for more than two months. They signed the Mayflower Compact as an agreement that they would live peacefully.
They landed in Plymouth.
In March 1621, Squanto met the Pilgrims. Squanto showed the Pilgrims how to plant corn, catch fish, and get syrup from maple trees. The Pilgrims thought Squanto was sent by God. Squanto’s whole tribe died while he was in England.
Pilgrim and Puritan colonists came to the “desert wilderness” of America to “seek God’s way.” Christians in Europe felt that the church “had strayed from its original mission and become corrupt. Protestant reformers argued that Scripture, not an institution or its trappings, was the essence of Christian life” (McQuade, 1999).
The Puritans and Pilgrims believed that they were chosen by God to be recipients of His grace; they would arrive at a state of grace through much physical and emotional hardship and by constantly examining their inner lives.
Unlike the English social systems of the time, the Puritans believed that “one person was as good as another, no matter what that person’s social station was” (McQuade, 1999). Though women were still expected to perform traditional roles, like cooking, cleaning, and caring for children.
The Puritans and the Pilgrims were nonconformists, refusing to accept an authority beyond that of the revealed word.
But the "Puritans considered religion a very complex, subtle, and highly intellectual affair," and its leaders thus were highly trained scholars, whose education tended to translate into positions that were often authoritarian (http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/PURITAN/purhist.html#pur).
The famous Puritan statement was that they were to be the “City upon a Hill.”
There is an inherent fear of nature; dark, demonic forces were often believed to reside in the deep woods. American Indians were often considered part of these dark forces. The Puritans wished to convert the American Indian to Christianity.
Early colonists commonly believed in supernatural elements, and they were intolerant of dissent.
In 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts several girls started to behave strangely.
The girls’ strange behavior was diagnosed as witchcraft.
The girls accused three women of hurting them. Soon, the panic and hysteria had brought hundreds of men and woman to prison.
Twenty people were hanged after being convicted.
The Accused Details
Sarah Cloyse Jailed for witchcraft but not triedAbigail Hobbs HangedDeliverance Hobbs HangedWilliam Hobbs Jailed for witchcraft but died before trialTituba HangedElizabeth Procter Convicted but saved by her pregnancyBridget Bishop HangedGeorge Burroughs HangedMartha Carner Hanged Martha Corey HangedMary Esty Han ...
Unitarianiasm
William Ellery Channing was a prominent Unitarian clergyman in the early 19th century United States. He studied at Harvard and became a successful preacher, adopting liberal Unitarian views. Channing influenced New England Transcendentalism with his rejection of Calvinism in favor of a gentle relationship with God. He remained a moderate who opposed extremes from both liberals and conservatives. Channing addressed issues like slavery and poverty, becoming one of the most influential clergymen of his time.
History of missions acts & paul - lesson 4
This document summarizes the early history and spread of Christianity from the 2nd to 5th centuries AD. It discusses periods of persecution under Roman emperors like Decius and Diocletian, as well as the martyrdom of figures like Perpetua and Polycarp. It also covers the development of heresies such as Gnosticism, theological debates, and the work of early Church fathers and apologists. Constantine's Edict of Milan ended persecution in 313 and Christianity became the official state religion under Theodosius I in 380. The document traces the spread of Christianity to areas like Armenia, Ethiopia, Italy, France, and England during this time period.
The Waldesians Firm and Faithful Alpine Fighters for the Faith
Peter Waldo was a wealthy merchant in Lyons, France who gave away all his possessions after a friend's death led him to seriously consider his soul. He had priests translate the Gospels into French and was convicted by what he read. Waldo and his followers, called the Waldensians, sought to live in voluntary poverty and preach the Gospel, which brought persecution from the Catholic Church. Despite centuries of persecution, the Waldensians survived and helped inspire reformers like Jan Hus, spreading the Gospel across Europe through traveling preachers.
How the Reformation Changed the Church
The document provides a summary of how the Protestant Reformation changed the Catholic Church in the 16th and 17th centuries. It discusses how the Reformation delivered the Church from ignorance, superstition, immorality, and idolatry. Specifically, it freed the Church from a lack of biblical knowledge, reliance on meaningless rituals, corruption of clergy, and false doctrines not supported by scripture. The Reformation also gave the Church access to the Bible by translating it into local languages and encouraging its reading and study.
Jo s exposing christianity volume 2 - christianity & it's crimes against hu...
The document provides details about the horrific torture methods used during the Inquisition against those accused of heresy by the Catholic Church. It describes devices like the Judas Cradle, brodequin boots, and the rack that were used to crush bones and tear flesh. Children as young as 2 years old were among the thousands of victims burned alive or tortured. The Inquisition led to the murder and destruction of millions of lives as the Church sought to eliminate any opposition to its power and doctrines through ruthless torture and executions that continued for hundreds of years.
Reason and revolution in the Church
Religion and politics were closely intertwined in Europe between 1500-1660. This period saw major religious conflicts, including the Thirty Years' War between Protestants and Catholics. Religious toleration gradually increased over the 17th century, mainly for political reasons to reduce conflict. The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment challenged religious authority and led some to abandon Christianity, seeing the Church as an enemy of progress. However, traditional religion remained vital for many people.
Mi 361 lesson 4 persecution early church-19th century
This document provides details about persecution faced by early Christians from the time of the apostles through the present day. It describes how many of the apostles and early Christian leaders, such as Polycarp, Perpetua, and others faced torture and martyrdom for their faith. It discusses reasons the Roman Empire persecuted Christians and the spread of Christianity despite persecution. The document also outlines theological deviations that arose after Christianity was adopted by the Roman Empire and the persecution of dissenting groups like the Albigenses and Waldenses by the Catholic Church.
La Historia de la Iglesia
John Oakes did a class on church history in Panama City, Panama June 8, 2013. The power point is mostly in Spanish, with some English and the outline is in English.
Early Modern Society, Politics And Religion
Early 16th century Europe was politically unstable with five main power blocs vying for influence - France, Iberia, the Italian states, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. The Catholic Church was also criticized for issues like simony, pluralism, and clergy acting immorally. Most people firmly believed in the existence of heaven, hell, and purgatory and that the Church and priests provided the only path to salvation and assurance about the afterlife. Growing anticlericalism and desire for reform among the laity would help spark the Protestant Reformation.
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Chapter7 the counter reformation & the rise of the jesuit order
Chapter7 the counter reformation & the rise of the jesuit order
The Waldesians Firm and Faithful Alpine Fighters for the Faith
The Waldesians Firm and Faithful Alpine Fighters for the Faith
Jo s exposing christianity volume 2 - christianity & it's crimes against hu...
Jo s exposing christianity volume 2 - christianity & it's crimes against hu...
Mi 361 lesson 4 persecution early church-19th century
Mi 361 lesson 4 persecution early church-19th century
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Medieval Heresies
- 1. Medieval Heresies Presented to you by Ali and Halley
- 2. Definition Heresies: “Theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox” -OED
- 3. Perspectives on Heresy “Kill them all. God will know his own” -Arnaud Amaury, 1209 (slightly altered version, p. 153) “They jeopardize the very order of the civilized world” -Abbot p. 151
- 4. Catharists Cathars being expelled in 1209
- 5. Catharists Believed the world had strict divide between good and evil Built a church that distinguished between “the perfect” and “simple people” Built a hierarchy that wasn’t against power holders They rejected hell and denied matrimony Two groups: Moderate and Radical Dualists
- 6. Catharists “What sensible man measures another by his parentage? Certainly not the philosophers of the gentiles” - Lambert le Bègue, an heir of catharism while imprisoned
- 7. Waldensians Margin pictures depicting Waldensians as witches by Martin Le France, 1451
- 8. Waldensians Started by Valdès, a wealthy merchant of Lyons in 1173. The precursor to St. Francis. Inspired by the Biblical quote: “Go, sell all your possessions, give the proceeds to the poor, and you will have riches in heaven” - Matt.19:21 Declared heretics after they continued to preach without permission of the local clergy Descendants of this group still exist today
- 10. Bogomils Arose in Bulgaria in the 10th century Opposed materialism, believe it was derived from the devil Against basically everything the Church preached (Incarnation, Baptism, Eucharist, eating of meat, drinking of wine, marriage)
- 11. Fraticelli Or as we’ve been referring to them... Spiritual Franciscans “They’re stained with unmentionable crimes, they do not recognize matrimony, they deny hell, they commit sodomy, they embrace the Bogomil heresy” -p. 150
- 12. Patarine Group of peasants and workmen in Milan around 1058 Opposed simony (paying for holy offices) and clerical marriage Idealized poverty Named after the word “pate” meaning rags, name was reappropriated by Cathari to mean “suffering” after “pati”
- 13. Apostolici Portrait of Fra Dolcino The capture of Fra Dolcino - anonymous fresco
- 14. Apostolici Meaning Pseudo-Apostle, it was founded by Gerard Segarelli in 1260 Came under the leadership of Fra Dolcino in the 1300s, where the sect became openly heterodox (not conforming with orthodox views) and anticlerical (believed in God alone) Believed in absolute poverty but plundered to survive Highly persecuted by the Church
- 15. Heresy and Semiotics Heretics were frequently identified by certain “signs” Dress - Spiritualists were known (and burned) for their skimpy habits Phrases -“Penitenziagite,” said Salvatore (p. 64) Ideas - Heretics were frequently recognized if they had ideas that didn’t align with the Church
- 16. The End