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1. MERCURY AND
WATER
By : Baatas med

2. MERCURY
AND WATER
 POLLUTION
 WATER
POLLUTION
 MERCURY
 ABOUT IT
 GLOBAL ACTING
 SOLLUTION

3. Pollution refers to the presence or introduction of substances or materials into the
environment that cause harm or discomfort to living organisms, including humans,
animals, and plants. Pollution can take many forms, including air, water, and soil pollution,
and can be caused by natural disasters, human activities, and industrial processes.
Pollution can have severe consequences for the environment, including habitat
destruction, loss of biodiversity, and climate change, as well as adverse health effects on
humans and animals.

4. A Quote
““Love is in the air but the air is
highly polluted””
~ Amit Abraham

6. A Quote
““WATER IS THE LIFEBLOOD OF OUR
PLANET , and if our water polluted , then
the health of our planet and everything
that calls home is jeopardy””
~ jacques cousteau

7. Water pollution is the
contamination of water sources by
substances which make the water
unusable for drinking, cooking,
cleaning, swimming, and other
activities. Pollutants include
chemicals, trash, bacteria, and

8. 01
GROUND
WATER
02
SURFACE
WATER
03
OCEAN
WATER

9. AGRICULTURAL SEWAGE RADIOACTIVE OIL SPILL
01 02 03 04

10. Radioactivity is the phenomenon of spontaneous emission
of particles or waves from the unstable nuclei of some
elements. Radioactive contamination is more prevalent in
groundwater as compared to surface water since it is much
exposed to radioactive elements found in the rocks.
Sometimes, magma also releases radioactive gases into the
environment.

12. • A heavy metal
• Naturally occurring, found in cinnabar
– mined in Spain, Algeria, Kyrgyzstan & China
– Found in coal, oil & natural gas
• Highly toxic to humans & other living organisms
• Endangers the environment

13. • Element - never breaks down
• Liquid at room temperature
• Expands and contracts uniformly with changes
in temperature.
• Conducts electricity
• Mixes easily with other metals

14. • Evaporates at room temperature
• Travels long distance when volatilized
• Is extremely dense
• Kills bacteria and fungi

15. PPT-056-01 13
• Fur removal from pelts to make
hats in the mid-1700s to mid-
1800s
• Vapors from process were very
toxic
• Mercury poisoning was said to
make one “mad as a hatter”
• Also used in mining to separate
gold and silver from ore to create
an amalgam for recovery

16. Hat makers: One hundred years ago, their
behavior was considered eccentric. They used
felt (mixed with mercury) in the
manufacturing of hats. Mercury absorbed
into their bodies.
The Mad Hatter in Alice in Wonderland

17. 14
1800s
• Treat depression
• Toothaches
1900s
• Laxatives
• Teething powders
• Mercurochrome

18. PPT-056-01 16
• Fishing lures
• Lighthouse lenses
• Fire detectors
• Power plants: fossil and
nuclear
• Separating chlorine and
sodium from brine
• Thermometers

19. • Thermometers
• Switches
• Appliances
• Batteries
• Cars
• Fluorescent Bulbs
• Some Computers

20. In-Home Uses
PPT-056-01 17
• Precautions are required due
to the use of Mercury-
containing materials in each
household
• Other uses of Hg should instill
safety considerations

21. Types of Uses or Releases From
Households
• Fluorescent lamps
• Appliance switches
(chest freezers,
washing machines)
• Automotive switches
• Thermostats
• Button batteries
• Light switches
• Thermometers
• Dental fillings

22. Represent x% of Mercury in Households
Sw itches-
Appliances
1%
Dental Filings
21%
Lighting Sw itches
14%
Thermometers
5%
Sw itches-
Automotive
10%
Thermostats
49%

23. In-Home Uses
PPT-056-01 18
• Mercury switches to control
thermostats in our homes

24. In-Home Uses
PPT-056-01 19
• Wood preservative
• Making mirrors
• Herbicides
• Antiseptics
• Antidepressants
• Mercury battery for hearing
aids
• Cosmetics

25. Metallic Mercury vaporizes into the air at
room temperature. The vapors present an
immediate health risk to everyone spending
a significant amount of time in a room where
mercury has been sprinkled or spilled on the
floor, or where open containers of mercury
are present.

26. Metallic mercury and its vapors are extremely
difficult to remove . The vapors accumulate in
walls and other articles in contaminated
rooms. The contamination can remain for
months or years.

27. Mercury can accumulate in electronic
equipment especially computers.
When the computer is turned on,
the mercury re-vaporizes. This
cycle of metallic mercury has been
seen in incidents in schools.

28. Water Cycle
Infiltration Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Groundwater

29. In water, (streams, lakes, rivers, oceans) Mercury is
transformed to a very
TOXIC FORM
Mercury
Bacteria and Chemical Processes
Methyl mercury

30. Mercury Poisoning
PPT-056-01 31
Mercury Poisoning may result from:
• Exposure to water-soluble forms of Mercury, i.e. Mercuric chloride or
Methylmercury
• Inhalation of Mercury vapor or eating contaminated seafood
Symptoms of Hg poisoning include:
• Mild gastritis to severe pain with vomiting
• Convulsions and numbness in mouth and limbs
• Visual field constriction
• Speaking difficulty

31. Mercury Poisoning
PPT-056-01 32
• In 1953, poisoning occurred in Japan when industrial waste was
discharged into Minamata Bay; the waste contained Methyl mercury
salts
• Aquatic microorganisms can convert mercury salts into methylated
compounds (a methyl group attaches to Mercury atoms); these are
easily absorbed into animal tissues
• Minamata residents ate the fish containing Mercury

32. Mercury Poisoning
PPT-056-01 33
• In the 1960’s and 1970’s in Iraq, wheat treated with Methyl
mercury as a preservative due to being seed grain was fed to
animals and consumed by people
• Resulted in neurological symptoms:
• Speech difficulties
• Narrowing of visual field
• Hearing impairment
• Blindness
• Death

33. = Methyl mercury

34. = Methyl mercury

36. • Fish advisories tell people how much
fish is safe to eat.
• Mercury is especially dangerous to
fetuses, and to all growing children. So
it’s important to not eat too much of
the larger fish (High on the food
chain)

37. PPT-056-01 27
• Understanding the food chain
allows us to understand how we
might internalize Mercury
• State fishing laws are specific
regarding the amount of fish
which may be eaten on a daily
basis after waterway studies have
been made

38. Routes of Exposure
PPT-056-01 25
Inhalation
• Primary route for elemental Mercury
• 75 percent to 80 percent is absorbed by lungs
• Vapors are heavier than air (vapor density: 6.9)
Skin or Eye Contact
• Absorbed slowly through skin
• Causes irritation to skin and eyes and possibly contact
dermatitis
Ingestion
• Methyl mercury completely absorbed and not readily
eliminated

39. Health Effects
PPT-056-01 26
• Inhalation of vapor; major exposure route
• Symptoms may include corrosive
bronchitis progressing to pulmonary
edema or fibrosis
• Mercury can cross the blood, brain and
placental barriers, posing an increased
risk to children
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Medical Management Guidelines
for Mercury, found at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MMG/MMG.asp?id=106&tid=24

40. Acute Health Effects
28
System: Symptoms:
Respiratory Cough, sore throat, shortness
of breath
Gastrointestinal Metallic taste, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal pain
Central Nervous Headache, weakness, visual
System disturbances

41. Chronic Exposure
PPT-056-01 29
Mercury may
accumulate in the
body, resulting in
permanent damage
and changes to:
• Kidneys
• Nervous system
• Muscles

42. Mercury Poisoning
PPT-056-01 31
Mercury Poisoning may result from:
• Exposure to water-soluble forms of Mercury, i.e. Mercuric chloride or
Methylmercury
• Inhalation of Mercury vapor or eating contaminated seafood
Symptoms of Hg poisoning include:
• Mild gastritis to severe pain with vomiting
• Convulsions and numbness in mouth and limbs
• Visual field constriction
• Speaking difficulty

43. Mercury Poisoning
PPT-056-01 32
• In 1953, poisoning occurred in Japan when industrial waste was
discharged into Minamata Bay; the waste contained Methyl mercury
salts
• Aquatic microorganisms can convert mercury salts into methylated
compounds (a methyl group attaches to Mercury atoms); these are
easily absorbed into animal tissues
• Minamata residents ate the fish containing Mercury

44. Mercury Poisoning
PPT-056-01 33
• In the 1960’s and 1970’s in Iraq, wheat treated with Methyl
mercury as a preservative due to being seed grain was fed to
animals and consumed by people
• Resulted in neurological symptoms:
• Speech difficulties
• Narrowing of visual field
• Hearing impairment
• Blindness
• Death

45. Mercury Detectors
PPT-056-01 45
• Gas analyzer
• Direct Mercury analyzer
• Mercury vapor

46. Atmospheric Hg in U.S. 1998
PPT-056-01 30
• Due to air pollution
and other releases
of Hg into the
atmosphere

48. • Educate yourself and others
• Buy mercury-free alternatives
• Keep mercury OUT of the garbage
• Conserve electricity

49. • Remove everyone from the area.
• Remove all jewelry.
• Sprinkle powdered sulfur over the spill.
• Put on rubber or latex gloves.
• Place all broken sharp objects on a paper towel.
• By using squeegee or cardboard, sweep slowly to gather
mercury beads.
• Use an eyedropper to collect or draw up the mercury beads.
Slowly and carefully squeeze mercury onto a damp paper
towel.
• Place the paper towel in a sturdy plastic bag and secure/seal.

50. • Place all materials (including gloves) used with the cleanup in a
trash bag, label and secure.
• Contact your local health department or your local fire
department.
• Keep a window open for 24 hours after your successful
cleanup.
• Continue to keep pets and children out of cleanup area. If
sickness occurs, seek medical attention immediately.
• Sprinkle sulfur powder on the spill area after cleaning up the
mercury. A color change from yellow to brown indicates that
mercury is still present.

51. • Isolate the area
• Turn down temperature
• Open windows
• Don't let anyone walk through the mercury
• Don't vacuum
• Contact a fire department or public health official.

52. Any time one pound or more of mercury is
released to the environment, it is mandatory
to call the National Response Center (NRC).
The NRC hotline operates 24 hours a day, 7
days per week. Call 1-800-424-8801. Note
that because mercury is heavy, only two
tablespoons of mercury weigh about one
pound.

53. • Use fans for a minimum of 1 hour
• Call local health department to get
disposal instructions

54. Important Telephone Numbers and Links
• ATSDR General Information
1-888-422-8737
• National Response Center
1-800-424-9346
• Mercury Hotline 1-866-9-MERCURY
• LDEQ 1-800-305-6621
• Local Health Department
• http://www.epa.gov/mercury/

55. Websites
• DEQ www.deq.louisiana.gov
• EPA www.epa.gov/pbt
• Sustainable Hospitals www.sustainablehospitals.org
• Hospitals for a Healthy Environment
http://www.h2e-online.org/
• Health Care Without Harm http://www.noharm.org
• Northeast Waste Management Officials'
Association
http://www.newmoa.org/Newmoa/htdocs/about/Abo
utUs.cfm