Me in a nutshell (University of Minnesota version)
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The document discusses various topics related to Winnipeg, Manitoba and the surrounding region. It provides background that Winnipeg gets its name from the Cree word meaning "muddy waters." It also mentions that Winnipeg is home to the Royal Canadian Mint and once lost its NHL hockey team, the Jets, to Phoenix. The document also discusses water resources and drought in Canada, including the Winnipeg River basin and exports of hydroelectric power to Minnesota.
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Journal trip two
The document summarizes a trip taken from April 13-15, 2012. It includes stops at Diaz Lake, the Alabama Hills, Mono Lake, Convict Lake, June Lake Loop, the Eastern California Museum, and views of the Manzanar Japanese internment camp, Cucamonga Alluvial Fan, solar power plants, Doppler radar, mine tailings, the California Aqueduct, the Garlock Fault, desert vegetation, Owens Dry Lake, and SETI towers. Many of the locations provided information on geological formations and historical events like earthquakes and the diversion of the Owens River.
Environment Institute Seminar Series 5 Martin Williams
Emeritus Professor Martin Williams presents ‘A tale of three rivers: The Nile, the Darling and the Son’.
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Niagara Falls was first discovered by a French explorer in 1678 and brought to the attention of the western world. The tremendous volume of water never stops flowing, though the flow was once stopped completely by ice jams in 1848 and 1969. The world's first large-scale hydroelectric plant opened at Niagara Falls in 1895. Today, the American, Bridal Veil, and Horseshoe Falls produce nearly 2.5 million kilowatts of electricity through hydroelectric plants. Popular activities at Niagara Falls include tours like Maid of the Mist and Cave of the Wind, as well as attractions like the Skylon Tower, Rainbow Bridge, and Botanical Garden.
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The document summarizes major flooding that occurred in Queensland, Australia from December 2010 to January 2011. Heavy rains caused four phases of flooding in different regions, with the Fitzroy and Brisbane rivers overflowing their banks. Over 200,000 people were displaced, 20 lives were lost, and damages exceeded $5 billion Australian dollars, affecting many towns and Australia's economy. The flooding was caused by a La Niña climate pattern bringing heavy rainfall and a flash flood in Toowoomba was particularly devastating.
Water Security: Flash Points and Challenges Ahead
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Ca geog intro
California is a geographically diverse state with unique attributes that have contributed to its growth and development. It has varied topography ranging from rugged coastal mountains to fertile valleys. Its Mediterranean climate concentrates rainfall in winter months, creating a seasonal agricultural economy dependent on snowmelt and irrigation. The state's location on the Pacific coast exposed it to global influences that have made it one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the world.
Cop15 12 11 09 Ceswan Bellona Room 7
A presentation on the affects of climate change on Inupiaq people\'s homelands and lifestyle in Kivalina, Alaska.
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Hurricane Katrina caused widespread damage and flooding in New Orleans in August 2005. It breached levees protecting the city, leaving 80% underwater. The storm and subsequent flooding killed over 1,700 people and displaced hundreds of thousands of residents. Repairing the broken levees and pumping out the floodwaters took many months. The humanitarian and economic impacts of the disaster were immense and long-lasting.
Geog5 Photo J
Gabriel Heimberg documented photos from a geography field trip through California deserts and mountains. The photos showed various landforms like the California Aqueduct, Joshua trees in the desert, a solar power plant, and the SETI satellite dishes. Other photos documented Mormon Rocks by the San Andreas Fault, cinder cones at Cinder Hill, petroglyphs and house rings left by Native Americans, glaciated valleys, and Mono Lake with its receding shoreline and tufa formations. The photos were accompanied by explanations of the geographic features and processes that formed the landscapes.
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A paleoclimatologist's view of historical climate data
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Why the past matters - how tree rings and environmental history help us make ...
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Environment Institute Seminar Series 5 Martin Williams
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Boosting the Signal: Simple Strategies to Deliver Better Scientific Talks
A good talk can open the doors to new collaborations, increase your chances of funding success, and make it more likely other people will respond to your ideas. But scientific presentations are too often confusing, boring, and overstuffed. Here are some suggestions, based on our experience as speakers, audience members, and presentation trainers, that we hope will make your next conference talk or seminar more enjoyable, engaging and effective.
Ringing true: The scientific and societal relevance of dendrochronology at th...
Tree rings and other natural archives empower us to extend our perspective on environmental change, resources, and hazards. But many contemporary applications of paleoclimatology and paleohydrology are useful because of the lasting disruption to our collective environmental memory caused by colonization.
How long do trees remember?
Much of what we know regarding variations in Earth's climate during the past millennium comes from tree rings. But tree rings, like other proxies, attenuate some climate signals but amplify others, and their fidelity at longer timescales is difficult to gage. Even though dendroclimatology is well-established, questions remain about the climate clues encoded in tree rings — particularly at decadal-to-centennial timescales.
Don’t call it a comeback: Studying ancient floods to prepare for future hazards
How long do we need to watch a river before its behavior holds no more surprises? In this country, instrumental measurements of river stage and discharge stretch back a century or more, but this observed history still provides only a rough guide to the risks of future extreme floods. In this lecture, I’ll outline how paleoflood hydrology expands our perspective on river history by combining historical, botanical, and geological evidence of earlier (and ofttimes unknown) floods. And I’ll explain how we can interpret those physical clues left behind by ancient floods to improve hazard assessments for at-risk communities, support decisions about flood infrastructure, and investigate the long-term effects of climate or land-use changes on flooding. Because what has happened before can happen again, most everyone near a river would profit by keeping a longer memory of old floods.
Flood rings: Paleoflood evidence in tree-ring anatomy
In low-gradient, low energy rivers, forms of tree-ring evidence such as impact scars or stem deformation do not provide useful evidence of past floods. In this talk, I explain the strengths and limitations of wood anatomy as tools in in paleoflood hydrology.
Historic accounts of extreme floods on the Red River of the North
Here I explain how Canadian and American communities along the Red River of the North have developed fundamentally different responses to the threat of flooding, and argue that these differences in flood mitigation reflect disparate experiences with particular floods during the past two hundred years.
Disentangling the decadal ‘knot’ in high-resolution paleoclimatology
Even after more than a century of coordinated monitoring, instrumental weather observations are still too short to adequately constrain decadal or multidecadal behavior in the Earth’s climate system. Leading climatologists and climate modelers have called for the wider application of high-resolution proxy records to decadal variability and prediction studies, and our community has responded by producing new paleoclimate products that specifically target this type of ‘intermediate-term’ behavior. But we now also know our medium changes that message: the biological and geological systems that encode climate information into natural archives often also alter the original ‘input’, usually due to either seasonal filtering or non-climatic persistence. In this talk, we’ll discuss some of the challenges inherent to the use of high-resolution proxies to study decadal or multi-decadal climate variability, and suggest strategies that might clarify how climate acts on those timescales. And we’ll also present a new theoretical framework that could help paleo-scientists evaluate competing ideas about the causes of decadal- or multi-decadal events known to have occurred during the past one or two millennia.
A new framework to test the origins of western American megadrought
We know from tree rings and other natural drought records that the western United States has been affected by several 'megadroughts' during the past millennium. But are these exceptionally long-lasting droughts due to unusual external forcings, or are they inevitable given a sufficiently long period of time? Here we present a statistical model that combines sea surface temperature records and drought severity statistics from the western USA, and use that tool to set out an expectation for megadrought, given no other changes in the climate system. Even though this model was trained using only modern climate data (and incorporates no information from tree rings or other proxies), it still produced megadroughts. Moreover, those simulated megadroughts were just as long-lasting, covered as large an area, and were just as severe as real megadroughts estimated from tree rings. That result means that megadroughts can occur in the western United States even if nothing else changes in the climate -- they really are just a matter of time. On the other hand, the only aspect of real-world megadroughts that the model cannot duplicate was the high number of these events during the so-called Medieval Climate Anomaly (800 to 1300 CE). So that cluster of megadroughts may have been caused by some sort of unusual climate circumstances that have not been observed by us during the past few decades. The proxy record tells us that many different kinds of exceptional or unusual climate events happened in the past. But it is often difficult to determine what caused those exceptional events because even, within a period of a thousand years, we still have very few cases. So besides being an aid to understand the causes of past megadroughts, we hope this approach can be applied to other paleoclimate records to distinguish between real interrelations between separate components of the climate system and simple coincidences.
The need for new theory in global dendroclimatology
This document summarizes an interdisciplinary tree-ring research conference. It discusses the need for new theory in dendroclimatology, presentations on temperature and river flow reconstructions from tree rings, and principles of tree ring research site selection and replication. It also questions how to evaluate rare signals in tree growth and climate relationships and where remote teleconnections may be most evident in tree rings.
The societal value of historical and paleoflood research in Manitoba, Canada
1) Shared knowledge of past natural disasters has a major impact on preparation for future hazards. The document discusses the historical floods along the Red River in Manitoba, Canada.
2) Winnipeg built a large flood diversion channel in the 1960s after experiencing major floods, including in 1826 and 1950, to protect the city from future flooding of the Red River.
3) American communities like Grand Forks and Fargo were more vulnerable to Red River flooding until recently because they did not have the same long historical memory of floods that informed Winnipeg's early investment in flood protection infrastructure.
Solar ghosts: Weighing the evidence for sunspot cycles in fossil trees
In their study of tree rings from the Chemnitz Fossil Forest (Germany), Luthardt and Rößler (2017) claim to identify a regular near-11-yr cyclicity in growth, and present that pattern as evidence of the influence of the Schwabe solar cycle (Usokin and Mursula, 2003) on climate and forest productivity during the early Permian. If correctly interpreted, these fossil tree rings would indicate the sunspot cycle was the dominant influence on interannual variability in Earth’s climate during this period and that it has been a consistent aspect of our Sun’s behavior for at least the past 300 m.y. We argue the fossil tree-ring record from Chemnitz does not constitute reliable evidence of solar activity during the Permian because the individual tree-ring sequences are not correctly aligned (dendrochronologically dated) and, as a result, the mean ring-width composite is not a meaningful estimate of year-to-year variations in tree growth in this ancient forest.
Long droughts: Using natural climate archives to gage the risks of future “me...
In the Biblical story of Joseph, following seven years of abundance, the Kingdom of Egypt was confronted by seven years of drought and famine. In the parlance of modern climate science, intervals with several consecutive extremely dry years are described as ‘“megadroughts”. In this short talk, I’ll describe how climate scientists combine clues from natural weather archives (including corals, tree rings, lake sediments, and many other sources) to reveal the history of ancient megadroughts across our planet. And I’ll highlight new research that combines these surrogate drought records with simulations from state-of-the-art climate models to help us better anticipate the risks of unusually persistent droughts during the coming century.
Expecting the unexpected: The relevance of old floods to modern hydrology
This document discusses the importance of understanding past floods to properly assess modern flood risks. It provides examples of paleoflood research along rivers like the Red River of the North, which uncovered major floods in 1826 and around 700 years ago that exceeded any floods measured by modern instrumentation. Understanding a river's full history through both recorded data and geological evidence of past floods is essential for floodplain management, development planning, and infrastructure design to mitigate future flood risks.
What to expect when you’re expecting decadal variability in hydroclimatic pro...
Climate simulations were run for 1000 years, with 1000 total simulations conducted. The simulations modeled climate changes over long time periods. The large number of long-term simulations provided insights into potential climate variations and outcomes.
Decadal variability in tree rings
Strong variance at decadal and multidecadal timescales is a common feature of most tree-ring width records. But does this aspect of tree growth exhibit such long-memory behavior due to biology, climate, or some combination of the two factors? Understanding the origins of this behavior is crucial for efforts to evaluate the causes of decadal variability in the climate system.
Presentation at Johann Gutenburg University (Mainz) on February 16, 2017.
Five Things You Can Do Right Now To Make Your Research Presentations Just A L...
The ability to deliver effective and engaging oral presentations is a critical skill for all researchers. Unfortunately, despite the importance of clear communication, too many scientific presentations at conferences and workshops are confusing, abstract, and boring. In this short workshop, participants learn several key strategies and tips that will make their professional presentations just a little bit better than the rest. We discuss strategies for presentation planning, show how basic design principles can create more memorable slides, and point towards an outstanding set online tools and resources. Become a presentation superstar!
Scott St. George is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, Environment and Society at the University of Minnesota and a Resident Fellow at UMN's Institute on the Environment. Prior to joining the faculty at Minnesota, he was a research scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada. Scott shares some of his experiences ‘doing presentations differently’ at conferences, outreach opportunities, and the classroom.
Trees as flood sensors
In many settings, trees growing on floodplains provide an important source of indirect evidence that may be used to infer the occurrence, extent, and magnitude of floods prior to direct observations. That evidence may take several forms, including external scars caused by abrasion or impact from floating debris, anatomical changes within the annual growth increment following prolonged stem or root inundation, or tilting or uprooting due to the hydraulic pressure of floodwaters. Likely the most useful characteristic of paleoflood studies based on floodplain trees is their relatively high temporal resolution and dating accuracy compared to most other methods. Dendrochronological methods can routinely date past floods to the year of their occurrence and, in rare cases, can estimate the timing of floods that occur during the growing season to within two weeks. This high degree of chronological control, which is surpassed only by that provided by direct observation or instrumentation, can be used to determine whether floods in separate watersheds were synchronous or offset by several years and test hypotheses that suppose linkages between extreme floods and specific forcing mechanisms. Furthermore, the wide geographic distribution of tree species with dateable rings combined with the broad suite of methods available to examine interconnections between floods and tree growth allow this style of paleoflood hydrology to be applied to many settings that are not suitable for techniques that depend on geological evidence. Future paleoflood research involving tree rings will need to strike a balance between improving our understanding of the biological and fluvial processes that link tree growth to past events, and providing answers to questions about flood dynamics and hazards that are needed to safeguard people and property from future floods.
Expanding the window - the past, present, and future of Minnesota's water
Nearly all decisions about water in Minnesota relate either directly or indirectly to data collected by the state’s hydrological observing network. Because most gauges were installed in early 20th century, as a whole the network provides us with roughly a 100-year ‘window’ to estimate flood risks, develop worst-case scenarios for drought, and set maximum allowable withdrawals for aquifers. But when we rely exclusively on observations made during this relatively brief interval, we may inadvertently increase our exposure to hydrological ‘surprises’. In order to make sound decisions about water in Minnesota, we need to expand this window: into the past, drawing upon historical accounts and natural archives; and into the future, via projections from climate and hydrological models. By cultivating a broader perspective on hydrological variability and extremes across the state, we will be better prepared to ensure adequate water supplies and mitigate the impacts of future floods and droughts.
Making Climate Data Sing
These visuals were prepared to support a string quartet performance and panel on climate change at Northwestern University in February 2106.
A well-designed graphic can help audiences to quickly understand the main message embedded within a complex set of climate data and to retain those ideas longer than they would have if they were conveyed by words alone. But the visual aids used regularly by climate scientists also have their limitations: they are most easily understood by people who are already fluent in technical illustrations; they're usually static and sometimes do not tell an obvious story; and for many, they don't elicit a strong emotional response.
Music, by contrast, is inherently narrative and is known to exert a powerful influence on human emotions. Because of this, sonification — the transformation of data into acoustic signals — may have considerable promise as a tool to enhance the communication of climate science.
Daniel Crawford and Scott St. George report on a collaboration between scientists and artists that uses music to transmit the evidence of climate change in an engaging and visceral way.
Large-scale dendrochronology and low-frequency climate variability
Large-scale low-frequency variability has emerged as a priority for climate research, but instrumental observations are not long enough to characterize this behavior or gage its impacts on dependent geophysical or ecological systems. As the leading source of high-resolution paleoclimate information in the middle- and high-latitudes, tree rings are essential to understand low-frequency variability prior to the instrumental period. But even though tree rings possess several advantages as climate proxies, like other natural archives they also have their own particular impediments. In this lecture, Dr. St. George will describe the structure and characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere tree-ring width network, and outline how the fingerprint of decadal and multidecadal climate variability encoded within ancient trees varies across the hemisphere.
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Boosting the Signal: Simple Strategies to Deliver Better Scientific Talks
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Ringing true: The scientific and societal relevance of dendrochronology at th...
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Don’t call it a comeback: Studying ancient floods to prepare for future hazards
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Historic accounts of extreme floods on the Red River of the North
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Disentangling the decadal ‘knot’ in high-resolution paleoclimatology
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Solar ghosts: Weighing the evidence for sunspot cycles in fossil trees
Long droughts: Using natural climate archives to gage the risks of future “me...
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Me in a nutshell (University of Minnesota version)
- 4. Winnipeg The name Winnipeg is a transcription of the western Cree word wi-nipe-k meaning "muddy waters"
- 9. London London was almost named “Georgina” in honour of King George III.
- 10. Brian Luckman University of Western Ontario
- 14. Winnipeg Winnipeg is home to the Royal Canadian Mint, which produces all circulating coinage in Canada.
- 16. “What have I done?” (me)
- 23. Erik Nielsen Manitoba Geological Survey
- 26. “That won’t work.” (me again)
- 28. Winnipeg population: 680,000 River diversion Main channel Photograph: Greg Brooks
- 30. Winnipeg Winnipeg lost its National Hockey League franchise, ‘The Jets’ to Phoenix in 1995. Phoenix!
- 32. Tree-ring display at elementary school Photograph:Tom Swetnam
- 36. The Winnipeg River basin In 2005, some residents argued that northwestern Ontario should secede from Ontario and join Manitoba.
- 38. Source: flickr.com, Mothman99 Water in Canada
- 39. $2 billion in annual revenue
- 40. How bad can drought get?
- 41. (It was like this when we found it)
- 45. How bad can drought get?
- 46. worse
- 47. exports 500 MW each year to Minnesota
- 55. ELNIÑO STILLS WINTER WINDS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN CANADIAN PRAIRIES (AND THAT’S BOTH GOOD AND BAD NEWS FOR THE WIND ENERGY INDUSTRY) SCOTT ST. GEORGE STEPHEN WOLFE
- 57. Paleoclimate Old-growth forests in Ivvavik, YT Paleohydrology Wind energy Lake Winnipeg during the late Holocene Wind ‘drought’ in the northern Plains Paleohydrology Paleofloods in the US Red River Paleohydrology Decadal variability in CA and OR